Agriculture Form 1 End Term 2 Exams 2021 with Marking Schemes
- Give two reasons why Agriculture is looked as a science. (2mks)
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- What are the advantages of organic farming? (2mks)
- What is mixed farming? (1mk)
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- Give four reasons why Agriculture considered important in Kenya’s economy. (4mks)
- What is plantation farming. (1mk)
- State two effect of HIV/AIDS on agriculture. (1mk)
- State the difference between soil structure and texture. (2mks)
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- What is soil profile? (2mks)
- Describe the components of a well developed soil profile. (5mks)
- Place the following tools in their respective categories and state their uses. (10mks)
- Panga
- Shovel
- Pick axe
- Garden line
- Wheelbarrow
- Sprayer
- Ripsaw
- Tape measure
- Scraper
- Marking gauge
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- State the reasons for preparing land before planting. (4mks)
- What is a seedbed? (1mk)
- Give reasons why the burning of Bushes as a methods of land cleaning should be discouraged. (2mks)
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- What is ridging? (1mk)
- Give reasons why the following operations are carried out in crop production;
- Rolling. (1mk)
- Levelling. (1mk)
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- State the main sources of water on the farm. (3mks)
- State the methods of water collection and storage in the farm. (3mks)
- What are the four reasons for treating water for human consumption. (2mks)
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- What is;
- Drainage (1mk)
- Pollution (1mk)
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- List six different types of drainage. (3mks)
- Describe the agricultural practices which lead to water pollution. (2mks)
- What is;
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- Define the term soil fertility. (2mks)
- State the characteristics of a fertile soil. (5mks)
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- What is the importance of organic matter in the soil? (5mks)
- What are the functions of the following in the preparation of compost manure? (3mks)
- Topsoil
- Wood ash
- The layer of manure
- Discuss the importance of livestock to a Kenyan farmer. (21/2mks)
- List the characteristics of a dairy cow. (21/2mks)
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- Differentiate between the following breeds of livestock.
- New Zealand white and Californian white. (2mks)
- Large white and landrace. (2mks)
- Differentiate between the following breeds of livestock.
- What is the color of each of the following breeds of livestock?
- Wessex saddle backs. (½ mk)
- Toggenburg (½ mk)
Marking Scheme
- Give two reasons why Agriculture is looked as a science. (2mks)
It entails scientific studies such as;- Crop pathology
- Entomology
- Genetics
- Agricultural engineering
- Soil science
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- What are the advantages of organic farming? (2mks)
- it does not pollute the air – environment friendly.
- It does not destroy the soil micro organisms
- Organic matter improves soil structure
- Organic farming uses organic manure which replenish soil nutrient, enhances soil water infiltration and retention
- Organic manure provides food for soil microbes.
- What is mixed farming? (1mk)
- It is the growing of crops and rearing of animals on the same farm
- What are the advantages of organic farming? (2mks)
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- Give four reasons why Agriculture considered important in Kenya’s economy. (4mks)
- Provides food
- Source of employment
- Provision of foreign exchange
- Source of raw materials for industries
- Provision of market for industrial goods
- Sources of money of capital
- What is plantation farming. (1mk)
- Growing crops in large tracks of land in a highly specialized and mechanized manner or
- Growing of crop in a large scale usually characterized by the production of one crop
- Give four reasons why Agriculture considered important in Kenya’s economy. (4mks)
- State two effect of HIV/AIDS on agriculture. (1mk)
- Shortage of farm labour due to sickness
- Money spent on caring for the sick instead of purchasing Agro- products
- Lack of motivation to do farming
- NGO, government spend money to control HIV instead of financing agricultural activities
- State the difference between soil structure and texture. (2mks)
- soil structure – refers to the physical appearance of the soil according to the way the individual soil particles are arranged packed or aggregated Or The overall arrangement or grouping of soil particles
- Soil texture – refers to the relative proportions of the various sizes of mineral particles in a sample of soil.
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- What is soil profile? (2mks)
it’s the vertical arrangement of various soil layers or horizons - Describe the components of a well developed soil profile. (5mks)
- Superficial layer – consisting of dry decaying and decayed organic matter.
- Topsoil – Uppermost soil layer, with high humus (Horizons A) contented, well aerated and decomposed organic matter.
- Sub – soil (Horizon B) – its is more compact and less aerated
- Substratum / weathered rock (horizons c) – made up of partly weathered rock with no humus
- parent rock (horizons D) – refers to as the bedrock
- What is soil profile? (2mks)
- Place the following tools in their respective categories and state their uses. (10mks)
- Panga – Graden tool – used for cutting, slashing, weeding etc
- Shovel - Garden tool – used for liftinf soil and manure
- Pick axe – Garden tool – for removing roots, large stones and breaking heavy soils. Used for digging hard soil.
- Garden line - garden tool – used for measuring between one plant and the next
- Wheelbarrow - Garden tool – transporting loads which are too heavy
- Sprayer – Garden tool – Used for spraying chemicals solutions
- Ripsaw – Cutting tool – cutting along the grain of wood
- Tape measure – measuring tools – used for measuring length
- Scraper – Measuring tools – used for measuring lengths
- Marking gauge- Smoothing tool – used on final stages of smoothing surfaces and on small pieces of work.
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- State the reasons for preparing land before planting. (4mks)
- To kill weeds
- To incorporate manure and other organic matter into the soil
- To destroy different stages of crop pests such as eggs, larvae, pupae or adult by burying them, exposing them to the heat of the sun and predators and starving them
- To aerate the soil
- To encourage the penetration of roots in the soil
- To make subsequent operations possible
- To encourage water infiltration into the soil
- What is a seedbed? (1mk)
Land prepared for planting
- State the reasons for preparing land before planting. (4mks)
- Give reasons why the burning of Bushes as a methods of land cleaning should be discouraged. (2mks)
- A lot of organic matter is destroyed
- Soil micro – organisms are destroyed
- Planting nutrient are destroyed
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- What is ridging? (1mk)
- Process of digging is destroyed
- Soil micro- organisms are destroyed
- Plant nutrient are destroyed
- Give reasons why the following operations are carried out in crop production;
- Rolling. (1mk) – done to prevent small seeds from being carried a way by wind and to prevent soil erosion
- Levelling. (1mk) – To promote easy germination of small seed crops
- What is ridging? (1mk)
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- State the main sources of water on the farm. (3mks)
- Surface – rivers , stream and dams lakes
- Underground – springs well boreholes
- Rain water
- State the methods of water collection and storage in the farm. (3mks)
- Dames
- Weir
- water
- What are the four reasons for treating water for human consumption. (2mks)
- To kill disease causing micro – organisms such as cholera and typhoid bacteria
- To remove chemical impurities
- To remove smells and bad taste
- To remove sediments of solid particles such as soil, sand and sticks
- State the main sources of water on the farm. (3mks)
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- What is;
- Drainage (1mk)- It is a methods of removing excess or lowering the water table from a marshy water logged land.
- Pollution(1mk) – is any process which leads to harmful increase in the amount of chemical substances or forms of energy released into the environment by human activities.
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- List six different types of drainage. (3mks)
- open ditches
- Underground drain pipes
- Cambered beds
- French drains
- Pumping
- Planting of trees
- Describe the agricultural practices which lead to water pollution. (2mks)
- Use of inorganic fertilizer
- Use of pesticides
- Poor cultivation practices eg over cultivation, over grazing, cultivation along riverbanks
- List six different types of drainage. (3mks)
- What is;
-
- Define the term soil fertility. (2mks)
it’s the ability of the soil to provide crops with the required nutrient in proper proportion for high production - State the characteristics of a fertile soil. (5mks)
- Good depth – to provide nutrient and strong anchorage
- Proper drainage – property aerated
- Good water holding capacity – to ensure that enough water is retained
- Adequate nutrient supply – should supply nutrient in correct amounts.
- Correct soil pH
- Free from excessive infestation of soil borne pest and diseases
- Define the term soil fertility. (2mks)
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- What is the importance of organic matter in the soil? (5mks)
- Increases water holding capacity
- Improves soil ferity
- Provide food and shelter
- Improves soil structure – moderate soil temperatures
- Buffers soil pH – Reduces the toxicity of plant poisons
- What are the functions of the following in the preparation of compost manure? (3mks)
- Topsoil- To introduce micro – organisms necessary for decomposition of the organic materials
- Wood ash- improves the level of phosphorus and potassium
- The layer of manure – Provides nutrient to the potassiums
- What is the importance of organic matter in the soil? (5mks)
- Discuss the importance of livestock to a Kenyan farmer. (21/2mks)
- Source of food- some animal products are utilized by people as food
- Source of income – products utilized at home and surplus sold
- Cultural uses – livestock are highly regarded by different communities as status symbol, medium of exchange in social ceremonies, recreational purpose
- Animal power – Carmel, donkeys and oxen are used on farms to provide power
- Provision of raw materials – eg texture industries raw material like wool fur, hides and skins.
- List the characteristics of a dairy cow. (21/2mks)
- Bodies are wedge to triangular shaped
- Have a straight topline
- Have a well set apart hindquarter
- Have a large and well developed udder
- Have prominent milk veins
- Have lean bodies
- Large stomach capacity
- Are docile with mild temperament
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- Differentiate between the following breeds of livestock.
- New Zealand white and californian white. (2mks)
New Zealand white – is white with red eyes
Californian white – white in color with one or more of the following parts being black ; ears, nose, paws and tail - Large white and landrace. (2mks)
Large white – Long, large and white, Skin may have a few blue spot, Snout broad and slightly dished, Ears upright
Landrace – White in color,Straight snout and long ears,Drooping ear the face,Long lean pig
- New Zealand white and californian white. (2mks)
- Differentiate between the following breeds of livestock.
- What is the color of each of the following breeds of livestock?
- Wessex saddle backs. (½ mk)
Black body with the shoulder and only the front legs white - Toggenburg (½ mk)
Brown with two white strips running from the eye to the nose
- Wessex saddle backs. (½ mk)
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