Geography Questions and Answers - Form 2 Mid Term 1 Exams 2023

• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided

1. Define the following terms;
   1. Geography – (2mks)
   2. Environment – (2mks)
2. Identify four reasons for studying Geography. (4mks)
3. Explain the relationship between Geography and the following disciplines.
   1. Economics; (2mks)
   2. Medicine; (2mks)
4. Explain the origin of the earth and the solar system using the passing star theory. (5mks)
5.  
   1. Give three reasons why the Earth’s interior is hot. (3mks)
   2. Name two types of movements of the earth. (2mks)
6.  
   1. State four proofs that the earth is Spherical. (4mks)
   2. What is the effect of International Date Line on time? (2mks)
7. The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for station in Africa. Use it to answer the following questions.
   

   Month	JAN	FEB	MAR	APR	MAY	JUN	JUL	AUG	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC
   Temp °C:	27	28	28	28	27	25	25	24	25	26	27	26
   Rainfall: (mm):	25	38	99	140	277	439	277	69	142	201	71	25

   1. Calculate annual range of temperature for the town.                                                        (2mks)
   2. Calculate the total annual rainfall for the town.                                                              (2mks)
8. State any three conditions necessary for the formation of dew.                                    (3mks)
9. Name three instruments found in a Stevenson screen. (3mks)
10.  
    1. State four necessary conditions considered when siting a weather station. (4mks)
    2. State three importance of weather forecasting. (3mks)
11. List six factors that influence weather of a place. (6mks)
12. Give two types of statistical data. (2mks)
13. The table below shows coffee production in Kenya from 1970 to 1975 in 000’s tones.
    

    Year	1970	1971	1972	1973	1974	1975
    Tonnage in 000's	19	20	28	11	17	15

    1. Draw a simple bar graph to represent the above data.(Use the graph paper provided)      (9mks)                       
    2. State three advantages of simple bar graph.                                                                                (3mks)
14. Identify three types of scale.                                                                                                          (3mks)
15. Identify six basic marginal information found on a map.                                                          (6mks)
16.  
    1. Define field work in geography (2mks)
    2. State two importance of a work schedule?                                                                          (2mks)
17.  
    1. State four characteristics of Minerals.                                                                          (4mks)
    2. Name two major types of rocks apart from sedimentary. (2mks)                                                                   
    3.  
       1. State three ways in which sedimentary rocks are formed. (3mks)
       2. State three characteristics of sedimentary rocks. (3mks)
    4. State three significance of rocks. (3mks)
18.  
    1. Define mining.                                                                                                                        (2mks)
    2. State four formations in which Minerals occur.                                                                (4mks)
    3. Identify method of mining shown below. (1mk)
       

MARKING SCHEME

1. Define the following terms;
   1. Geography – Is the scientific study of the Earth as the home of mankind.
   2. Environment – Environment is the external conditions that surround a plant or an animal.
2. Identify four reasons for studying Geography. (4mks)
   1. Geography is a career subject
   2. It encourages international awareness and cooperation.
   3. It teaches learners on how to manage time properly by drawing time schedules.
   4. It teaches the leaner different methods of collecting and presenting geographical information.
3. Describe the relationship between Geography and the following disciplines.
   1. Economics; Economics deals with the production and consumption of resources while Geography deals with distribution and exploitation of natural resources. (2mks)
   2. Medicine; Medicine deals with presentation, diagnosis and curing of diseases whereas Geography determines distribution of diseases, factors influencing their spread. (2mks)
4. Explain the origin of the earth and the solar system using the passing star theory. (5mks)
   • According to this theory, the earth formed about 4600 million years ago when a star of a greater gravitational pull passed near the sun.√
   • It drew off a stream of gaseous materials from the sun.√ The materials split, cooled and condensed forming planets.√ Heavier materials collected at the centre forming the core, less dense materials formed the mantle, the highest materials formed the crust.√
   • The moon asteroids and other objects in space formed in a similar manner.√
   • The passing star set the planets on their orbits√
5.  
   1. Give reasons why the Earth’s interior is hast. (3mks)
      • The slow process of cooling in interior of the earth allowed retention of most of original heat.
      • Radio-activity process in the underlying materials that releases heat which is retained within the interior.
      • Weight of overlying crystal materials that exerts pressure which generates heat in the interior.
   2. Name two types of movements of the earth. (2mks)
      • Rotation
      • Revolution
6.  
   1. State four proofs that the earth is Spherical. (4mks)
      • Circumnavigation
      • Gradual appearance of an approaching ship where the mast is seen first.
      • The earth’s horizon is curved
      • All other planets are spherical hence the Earth
      • Satellite photographs show that the earth is spherical
      • Rising and setting of the sun at different times on the earths surface.
   2. What is the effect of International Date Line on time? (2mks)
      • It causes time changes by 24 hours or a day when crossed.
      • When crossed Eastwards, a day is gained while when crossed Westwards, a day is lost.
7. The table below represents rainfall and temperature figures for station in Africa. Use it to answer the following questions.
   1. Calculate annual range of temperature for the town. (2mks)
      Annual range temperature; = Highest temp. – Lowest temp
      28°c- 24°c
      = 4°c
   2. Calculate the total annual rainfall for the town. (2mks)
      25+38+99+140+277+439+277+69+142+201+71+25 = 1803 mm
8. State any three conditions necessary for the formation of a dew. (3mks)
   • The air should be calm enough to remain in contact with objects on the ground.
   • Daytime should be warm to accelerate evaporation.
   • There should exist a cloudless night for high rate of terrestrial radiation to occur.
9. Name three instruments found in a Stevenson screen. (3mks)
   • Hygrometer 
   • Six’s thermometer
   • Maximum & Minimum thermometer
10.  
    1. State four necessary conditions considered when siting a weather station. (4mks)
       • Should be located on an open place
       • Land should be relatively flat
       • Areas should be free from flooding
       • Should be secure
       • Should have less or no vegetation
    2. State three importance weather forecasting. (3mks)
       • It helps farmers to adjust their farming activities.
       • It helps fishermen to determine the fishing habitats.
       • It helps to determine when the outdoor sporting activities can take place.
       • It helps to determine the best time for sea and air travels.
       • It helps to predict natural calamities such as floods and destructive winds in order to take necessary safety precautions.
       • It helps to determine the mode of dressing.
       • It helps in guiding tourists activities.
       • It enables the military to plan its activities.
11. List six factors that influence weather. (6mks)
    • Latitude
    • Altitude
    • Distance from large water bodies
    • Aspect
    • ITCZ
    • Cloud cover and humidity
12. Discuss two types of statistical data. (4mks)
    • Primary data: These are facts and figures collected first hand from field. The information collected is not yet documented.
    • Secondary data: These are already collected and documented facts and figures found in text books, statistical abstracts, census reports, journals.
13. The table below shows coffee production in Kenya from 1970 to 1975 in 000’s tones.
    1. Draw a simple bar graph to represent the above data. (9mks)
       
       • Title………..1mk
       • v.s……………1mk
       • Horizontal axes……..1mk
       • Six bars………………….6mks
       • Total……………………….9mks
    2. State three advantages of simple bar graph. (3mks)
       • They are easy and straight forward to draw.
       • They clearly show individual amounts and contrast in values.
       • The bars give a clear visual impression which appeals to the eye.
14. Identify three types of scales. (3mks)
    • Linear scale
    • Statement scale
    • Representative fraction (R.F) scale
15. Identify six basic marginal information found on a map. (6mks)
    • Title of the map
    • The scale
    • The compass direction
    • The key
    • The frame of the map
    • Magnetic variation
    • publisher and copyright
    • grid system numbers
    • latitudes and longitudes
16.  
    1. Define fieldwork(2mks)
       • Scientific study of geography using the environment as a laboratory or source of information.
    2. State two importance of work schedule? (2mks)
       • It provides estimates on total time required for the study
       • It allocates each activity ample time
       • It reduces tendency to waste time over one activity at the expense of others
       • It forms a basis for field work evaluation while in progress
       • It acts as guiding framework for research activity
17.  
    1. State four characteristics of Minerals. (4mks)
       • They have crystal form
       • Some of minerals are unique
       • Minerals have varying specific hardness
       • Minerals have different specific densities
    2. Name two types of rocks apart from sedimentary rocks. (2mks)
       • Igneous rocks
       • Metamorphic Rocks
    3.  
       1. State three ways in which sedimentary rocks are formed(3mks)
          • Mechanically Formed Sedimentary Rocks
          • Organically formed Sedimentary Rocks
          • Chemically formed Sedimentary Rocks
       2. State three characteristics of sedimentary rocks(3mks)
          • They are formed in layers.
          • They may contain fossils.
          • They are non-crystalline.
    4. State three significance of rocks    (3mks)
       • Some rocks such as granite, volcanic plugs may form attractive sceneries which attract tourists promoting tourism.
       • Rocks provide the parent materials through weathered rocks especially volcanic rocks forming fertile. Volcanic soils for agricultural production.
       • Some rocks such as sandstone and limestone are used in building and construction industry.
       • Some rocks such as limestone are used as raw materials in the manufacture of cement. 
       • Some rocks contain valuable minerals which are mined.
       • Impermeable rocks act as storage for underground water which can be tapped to supply water for domestic and industrial use.
       • Some rocks such as rock salt are source of food.
18.  
    1. Define mining. (2 mks)
       • This refers to extraction of valuable solid, liquid or gaseous minerals from the earth’s crust.
    2. State four ways in which Minerals occur. (2mks)
       • Veins and lodes
       • Seams and layers or beds
       • Weathering products
       • Alluvial deposits / placer 
    3. Identify method of mining shown above. (1mk)
       • Drift or Adit method of mining