History Questions and Answers - Form 2 End Term 2 Exams 2023

SECTION A ( 25 MARKS)

1. Define pre-History ( 1 mark)
2. Identify two limitations of using written method as a source of information on History and Government. (2 mark)
3. Identify one method that archeologists use to locate an archeological site. (1 mark)
4. Identify two types of oral traditions used to obtain information on History and Government. (2 mark)
5. State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings. (1 mark)
6. Give the meaning of the term, “Stone Age Period”  (1 mark)
7. Identify the river the early Egyptians relied on for agriculture. (1 mark)
8. State two ways in which the Sumerians in Mesopotamia reclaimed land for agriculture. (2 mark)
9. State two ways in which the Agikuyu interacted with the Maasai during the pre-colonial period (2 marks)
10. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantus from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
11. Give one reason which led to the decline of Gedi during the 15 th century.  ( 1 mark)
12. Give two ways through which knowledge in marine technology facilitated the coming of the early visitors to the Kenyan coast (2 marks)
13. Give one advantage of dual citizenship to a Kenyan citizen. (1mark)
14. Give two economic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (2 marks)
15. State two ways in which education has promoted national unity. (2 marks)
16. Identify two types of trade. (2 marks)
17. Give the main form of transport used in the Trans-Saharan Trade (1 mark)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. Apart from the Akamba, identify three other Highland Bantu groups found in Kenya. (3marks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (12 marks)
19.  
    1. Give five methods used to acquire slaves from West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five disadvantages of using air transport . (10 marks)
20.  
    1. Give three uses of wind as a source of energy in the ancient times (3 marks)
    2. Explain six effects of iron-working technology in African communities before the 19 th century. (12 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

21.  
    1. State three conditions which one must fulful in order to get Kenyan citizenship by registration. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six effects of conflicts in Kenya. (12 marks)
22.  
    1. State three ways  in which poverty undermines unity in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Explain five factors that promote National Unity in Kenya.  (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. Define pre-History   (1 mark)
   • It’s the study of past human activities before the invention of writing.
2. Identify two limitations of using written method as a source of information on History and Government  (2 mark)
   • May contain biases
   • Information may be misinterpreted/misunderstood
   • There may be factual error/omissions
   • These sources are limited to literate members of the society
3. Identify one method that archaeologist use to locate an archaeological site. (1 mark)
   • They use their own experience and skills
   • Areas where artifacts have been exposed by tectonic forces/erosion
   • Areas mentioned in historical documents
4. Identify two types of oral traditions used to obtain information on History and Government. ( 2 mark)
   • Riddles, myths, songs , poems, tongue twisters, proverbs, stories and legends
5. State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings. (1 mark)
   • The evolution theory
6. Give the meaning of the term, “Stone Age Period” ( 1 mark)
   • The period in history when human used tools which were mainly made of stones.
7. Identify the river early Egyptians relied on for agriculture. (1 mark)
   • River Nile
8. State two ways in which the Sumerians in Mesopotamia reclaimed land for agriculture. ( 2 mark)
   • They used shadoof to draw water to irrigate the land.
   • They used canals to irrigate the land.
   • They dug ditches to drain water from swamps
9. State two ways in which the Agikuyu interacted with the Maasai during the pre-colonial period (2 marks)
   • They inter-married
   • They traded
   • They raided each other
   • They borrowed items from each other.
10. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantus from Shungwaya during the pre- colonial period. (1 mark)
    • Due to attacks by the Galla/Oromo
11. Give one reason which led to the decline of Gedi during the 15 th century.  ( 1 mark)
    • External attacks
    • Inadequate water supply
12. Give two ways through which knowledge in marine technology facilitated the coming of the early visitors to the Kenyan coast (2 marks)
    • it enabled them use the compass to sail
    • it facilitated the construction and use of boats
    • it enabled them to develop/apply the skills of map reading
13. Give one advantage of dual citizenship to a Kenyan citizen. (1mark)
    • A person can work in either of the countries.
    • A person can choose to live in either countries,
    • One is entitled to the rights and freedoms provided in the constitution of Kenya.
14. Give two economic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (2 marks)
    • Paying tax
    • Participating in development activities.
    • Engaging in income generation.
    • Fighting corruption.
15. State two ways in which education has promoted national unity. (2 marks)
    • Common curriculum/syllabus is used.
    • Learners from different schools interact through co-curriculum activities.
    • Learners in all public schools sit for a common national examination.
    • Common medium of communication ie Kiswahili or English is used.
16. Identify two types of trade. (2 marks)
    • Local trade
    • Regional trade
    • International trade
17. Give the main form of transport used in the Trans-Saharan Trade ( 1 mark)
    • Animal transport/camel

SECTION B(45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. Apart from the Akamba, identify three other Highland Bantu groups. (3 marks)
       • Agikuyu
       • Ameru
       • Aembu
       • Ambeere
    2. Describe the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (12 marks)
       • The lowest social unit was the family
       • Several related families formed a clan
       • They were organized into age groups made up of people circumcised at the same period.
       • They believed in the existence of a supreme god known as Enkai
       • There was a religious leaders Leibon who mediated between the community and Enkai
       • They offered sacrificies to God in special places
       • They believed in the existence of ancestral spirits.
19.  
    1. Give five methods used to acquire slaves from West Africa during the Trans-Atlantic trade. (5 marks)
       • The slaves were exchanged for European manufactured goods.
       • The prisoners of war were to the slave dealers.
       • Slave traders kidnapped lonely travelers.
       • Some local rulers sold their own subjects to the slave dealers.
       • Slaves were obtained through raids
       • Some were enticed/ tricked and eventually sold as slaves
       • Debtors were sold as slaves as way of paying off their debts
    2. Explain five disadvantages of using air transport. (10 marks)
       • It’s expensive to construct airports, purchase and maintain aircrafts.
       • The aeroplanes can only land and take off from specifically constructed places
       • Air transport is easily affected by unfavorable weather condition
       • Aircrafts cause noise and air pollution
       • Accidents, though rare are fatal
       • It requires highly trained personnel to operate.
20.  
    1. Give three uses of wind as a source of energy in the ancient times ( 3 marks)
       • to winnow grains
       • to drive/turn windmills
       • to dry grains
       • to propel boats/sailing ships
       • to drive water pumps
    2. Explain six effects of iron-working technology African communities before the 19 th century. (12 marks)
       • Iron tools were used to clear forests there by enabling people to migrate and settle in new areas.
       • It intensified wars as iron weapons were used to fight other communities.
       • It improved cultivation of food due to use of iron made tools such as hoes.
       • It led to creation of more powerful empires due to use of iron weapons used to conquer their neighbours.
       • It led to decline of use of other metals such as bronze.
       • It led to specialization where some families specialized in smelting of metals while others specialized in other occupations such as trading.
       • It led to population increase due to improved farming tools that led to increased crop production.
       • It led to urbanization where major trading and industrial settlement developed around the major mining centres.
       • It promoted trade due to increased demand for iron ore and iron tools.

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

21.  
    1. state three conditions which one must fulfill in order to get Kenyan citizenship by registration. (3 marks)
       • one must lawfully reside in Kenya continuously for at least 7 years
       • a person must be married to Kenyan citizen for at least 7 years.
       • A child who is not a citizen and is legally adopted by a Kenyan citizen.
    2. Explain six effects of conflicts in Kenya.(12 marks)
       • Massive displacement of people. They become refugees
       • fear and insecurity due to anarchy
       • loss of lives as people are killed
       • destruction of property, e.g. farms and property
       • starvation due to crop destruction and disruption of agricultural activities
       • people become poor due to economic decline
       • human suffering and misery becomes wide spread
22.  
    1. State three ways in which poverty undermines unity in Kenya
       • it creates a state of fear/suspicion
       • it creates violence
       • it divides people on the basis of their economic status
    2. Explain five factors that promote National Unity in Kenya (12 MARKS)
       • The constitution which provides for equality of all Kenyans before the law.
       • Education where all public schools in Kenya follow the same curriculum whose content emphasizes national cohesion
       • The use of national language Kiswahili which enable Kenyans to interact freely
       • National symbols eg national anthem which symbolizes national unity.
       • The national philosophies eg Harambee which calls people from different ethinic
       • groups to pool their resources together.
       • National currency that is used to transact business.
       • Fair distribution of resources which develops the whole country economy.
       • Government institution which serve all Kenyans equally.