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- Name two branches of Geography. (2 mks)
- What is the relationship between Geography and the following disciplines:
- Mathematics (2 mks)
- Chemistry (2 mks)
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- What is the solar system? (2 mks)
- Name three components of the solar system. (3mks)
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- Distinguish between revolution and rotation of the earth. (2 mks)
- State four effects of the rotation of the earth. (4mks)
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- State four elements of weather. (4 mks)
- Describe four reasons why weather forecasting is important. (8mks)
- With the aid of a well labeled diagram explain the formation of relief rainfall. (9 mks)
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- Describe the formation of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks. (6 mks)
- State four uses of rocks. (4mks)
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- With the aid of a well labeled diagram, explain the formation of the rift valley by tensional forces. (10 mks)
- Explain three positive effect of folding on human activities. (6 mks)
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- Distinguish between weather and climate. (2 mks)
- State three characteristics of modified equatorial climate in the coastal region. (4 mks)
- Explain four factors which influence climate. (8 mks)
- Differentiate between desertification and aridity. (2mks)
- Explain three natural causes of aridity ad desertification. (6 mks)
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- What is vegetation? (2 mks)
- Name three types of vegetation. (3 mks)
- Explain how the following factors influence the distribution of vegetables. (2mks)
- Aspect (2 mks)
- Precipitation. (2mks)
- Temperature. (2mks)
MARKING SCHEME
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- Name two branches of Geography. (2 mks)
- Physical geography
- Human and economic Geography
- Practical Geography
- What is the relationship between Geography and the following disciplines. (2 mks)
- Mathematics (2 mks)
- Mathematics principles or formulae are used in Geography to calculate distances, area or population density, mean annual rainfall and temperature.
- Chemistry (2 mks)
- The knowledge of chemistry is used in the study of chemical composition of rocks and soils chemical changes that take place in soils and rocks.
- Mathematics (2 mks)
- Name two branches of Geography. (2 mks)
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- What is the solar system. (2 mks)
- The solar system is the sun, heavenly bodies and the planets orbiting around it.
- Name three components of the solar system. (3mks)
- The sun
- planet
- asteroids
- meteors
- comets
- What is the solar system. (2 mks)
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- Distinguish between revolution and rotation of the earth. (2 mks)
- Rotation is the spinning of the earth on its axis while revolution is the movement of the earth around the sun.
- State four effects of the rotation of the earth. (4mks)
- Causes occurrence of day and night
- Causes rising and facing of ocean or sea tide
- Causes deflation of wind and ocean currents
- Causes difference in time between places, longitude over the earth’s surface
- Cause variations in atmospheric pressure on the earth’s surface.
- Distinguish between revolution and rotation of the earth. (2 mks)
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- State four elements of weather . (4 mks)
- Temperature
- Rainfall
- Atmospheric pressure
- Sunshine
- Humidity
- Wind
- Cloud cover
- Describe four reasons why weather forecasting is important. (8mks)
- enables farmers to plan their activities
- helps to choose clothing of the day
- influence in designing of houses
- guides in taking off and leading of aircrafts
- weather forecasting helps in planning micutary activities
- State four elements of weather . (4 mks)
- With the aid of a well labeled diagram explain the formation of relief rainfall. (9 mks)
- This type of rainfall is formed when warm moist winds are moving or forced raise on hill on maintained or any raised surface.
- When the winds rise they experience lower pressure causing them to expand
- As they rise higher, they begin to cool until temperature drops to below the dew point.
- Condensation takes place resulting to the formation of clouds and raindrops
- Eventually rain falls on the wind side
- The resulting rain is orographic/relief rainfall
- When the winds go over the mountains, hill or raised surface and descend on the lower side, they warm up and pick any available moisture leaving the side dry.
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- Describe the formation of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks. (6 mks)
- These are sedimentary rocks formed by compaction and fomentation of the pre-existing weathered rock particle
- The pre-existing weathered particles can be form igneous rocks, metamorphic or sedimentary rocks.
- The weathered materials are transported and deposited or in the sea by water wind or air
- Several layers are deposited and over a period of the consolidate into hard rocks
- State four uses of rocks. (4mks)
- Tourism
- Source of fossil fuel
- building and construction
- Some weather down to form soil which support agriculture
- Storing underground water
- Making of ornaments
- Source of income and employment when they are extracted and sold
- Describe the formation of mechanically formed sedimentary rocks. (6 mks)
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- With the aid of a well labeled diagram, explain the formation of the rift valley by tensional forces. (2 mks)
- The crusted rocks are subjected onto tensional forces due to instability within the earth’s crust
- Further tension leads to the development parallel normal faults
- The middle rock subsides
- The depression created by the sunken lock middle forms the rift valley
- Explain three positive effect of folding on human activities. (4 mks)
- Fold maintains experience heavy rainfall on the windward side which support agricultural activities, forestry and settlement eg Meru on the ward side of Mt. Kenya.
- Folding may bring valuable minerals into the surface for easy mining.
- Folding maintains create beautiful sceneries that which act as tourist attractions
- Fold maintains acts as protective barriers in time of war.
- With the aid of a well labeled diagram, explain the formation of the rift valley by tensional forces. (2 mks)
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- Distinguish between weather and climate. (2 mks)
- Weather refers to the condition of atmosphere of a palce at a particular time over a period of time.
- Climate of the average of weather conditions of a place over a long period of time especially 30-35 3years
- State three characteristics of modified equatorial climate in the coastal region. (4 mks)
- Real dry month but rainfalls lows than the real equatorial climate.
- Small mean unusual temperature of about 4c.
- Heavy convectional rainfall averaging 1600 mm/year
- Relative humidity is high due to the proximity to the ocean and high temperatures
- Temperatures are high and averages between 20c to 27c
- Explain four factors which influence climate. (8 mks)
- Cordinentality/distance from the sea
- Latitude
- Altitude
- Air masses
- Aspect
- ITCZ
- Configuration of the coastline
- Ocean currents
- Human factors
- Differentiate between desertification and aridity. (2mks)
- Desertification is the encroachment of large areas of barren land which are covered with sand.
- Aridity is a state of land being deficient in moisture leading to a scanty or lack of vegetates and deficiency in soil fertility.
- Explain three natural causes of aridity ad desertification. (6 mks)
- Rainfall
- Temperature
- Ocean currents and winds
- Confidentiality
- Aspect/loxectun and leeward sides
- Pressure systems
- Differentiate between desertification and aridity. (2mks)
- Distinguish between weather and climate. (2 mks)
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- What is vegetation 2. (2 mks)
- Vegetation refers to all living plant cover growing in a particular area.
- Name three types of vegetation. (3 mks)
- Natural vegetation
- Semi-natural vegetation
- Planted vegetation
- Explain how the following factors influence the distribution of vegetables.
- Aspect (2 mks)
- Slops facing the sun have warmer and drier environment than the slopes facing away from the sun.
- Precipitation. (2mks)
- Areas that receive heavy and reliable rainfall are mere vegetables than these that receive little and unreliable rainfall.
- Temperature. (2mks)
- Temperature determines the rate act which plant process of germination growth photosynthesis transition flowering and fruit bearing take place.
- Aspect (2 mks)
- What is vegetation 2. (2 mks)
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