Home Science Questions and Answers - Form 2 End Term 3 Exams 2023

Instructions to candidates

• This paper consists of three sections. A, B and C
• Answer all questions in section A. Section B is compulsory. Answer the two questions in section C.
• All answers must be written in English.

SECTION A (40 Marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. List four methods that can be used to disinfect clothes. (2 marks)
2. Name two hand made stitches that can be used to neaten the raw edges of a seam. (1 mark)
3. Give the nutritional disorder that may be caused by lack of each of the following nutrients. (2 marks)
   1. Calcium …………………………………………………
   2. Thiamine…………………………………………………
   3. Retinol……………………………………………………
   4. Niacin…………………………………………………
4. Mention two reasons why a pit latrine should be kept covered when not in use. (2 marks)
5. Give two qualities of a good pair of bedsheets. (2 marks)
6. List two reasons for tacking work when sewing. (2 marks)
7. Mention two ways of conserving nutrients when preparing and cooking green leafy vegetables. (2 marks)
8. Identify three qualities of a good bathroom floor. (3 marks)
9. List two methods of cooking that can be used when cooking for a sick person. (1 mark)
10. Mention two points on care of cutting out shears. (2 marks)
11. Outline three ways of minimizing COVID 19 infections in schools. (3 marks)
12. Suggest two ways of avoiding poisoning at home. (2 marks)
13. Mention three qualities of a fabric suitable for making an apron. (3 marks)
14. Outline three things that may influence what you buy when going back to school. (3 marks)
15. List two ways of making spring water safe for drinking. (1mark)
16. Give two causes of frequent cholera outbreaks in the country. (2marks)
17. State the effect of hot water when removing chewing gum on a garment. (1 mark)
18. Identify two properties of nylon that limit its use for pyjamas. (2 marks)
19. Suggest three reasons why washing machines may not be a common laundry equipment in many Kenyan homes. (3 marks)
20. State two advantages of using tomatoes when cooking meat. (1 mark)

SECTION B (20 Marks)   COMPULSORY

Answer question 21 in the spaces provided.

21. You are staying with your elderly grandmother in the village over the holiday.
    1. Outline the procedure you will follow to make the muddy water from the river safe for drinking without using chemicals.
       (10 marks)
    2. Launder her knitted acrylic shawl. (10 marks)

SECTION C (40 Marks)

Answer any TWO questions from this section in the spaces provided.

22.  
    1. Giving a reason in each case mention four nutrients that are important for a person with Anaemia. (6 marks)
    2. Give four points to distinguish between symptoms of wet Beriberi from those of dry Beriberi. (4 marks)
    3. Suggest five ways of reducing Tuberculosis infections in the population. (5 marks)
    4. Outline five desirable qualities of a seam on the side of a skirt/trouser. (5 marks)
23.  
    1. Mention five reasons why educating a woman is important in ensuring a healthy family. (5 marks)
    2. Suggest five dangers of living in a poorly drained environment. (5 marks)
    3. Explain three reasons why a house may not be cleaned frequently. (6 marks)
    4. Outline four factors that determine the choice of personal clothes. (4 marks)
24.  
    1. Outline five dangers of living in a crowded neighbourhood. (5 marks)
    2. Mention three limitations of using dry cleaning as a sole method of laundering clothes at home. (3 marks)
    3. Suggest four ways your parents can advertise the potatoes they have harvested to get buyers. (4marks)
    4. Explain three reasons why wool would not be suitable for making sportswear. (6 marks)
    5. Differentiate between an epidemic and a pandemic in infectious diseases. (2marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (40 Marks)

1. Methods that can be used to disinfect clothes. (2 marks)
   1. Boiling
   2. Use of chemicals
   3. Fumigating
   4. Use of steam                (½ a mark for each correct response)
2. Handmade stitches that can be used to neaten the raw edges of a seam. (1 mark)
   1. Loop stitch
   2. Overcasting stitch
   3. Blanket stitch           (½ a mark for each correct response)
3. Nutritional disorder that may be caused by lack of each of the following nutrients. (2 marks)
   1. Calcium Rickets/Osteomalacia
   2. Thiamine Beriberi
   3. Retinol Keratomalicia
   4. Niacin Pellagra               (½ a mark for each correct response)
4. Reasons why a pit latrine should be kept covered when not in use. (2 marks)
   1. To keep off flies
   2. To reduce foul smell coming from the pit
   3. To avoid accidents (children and pets can fall in the pit if not covered)    (1 mark for each correct response)
5. Qualities of a good pair of bedsheets. (2 marks)
   1. Strong to withstand friction
   2. Absorbent to absorb sweat
   3. Easy to wash with minimum care
   4. Fast coloured to avoid loss of colour during laundry              (1 mark for each correct response)
6. Reasons for tacking work when sewing. (2 marks)
   1. To hold the work together so that it does not move when sewing
   2. To give a guide on where to stitch          (1 mark for each correct response)
7. Ways of conserving nutrients when preparing and cooking green leafy vegetables. (2 marks)
   1. Clean them before cutting
   2. Cut them using a sharp knife
   3. Cook them just before serving
   4. Use them when freshly harvested
   5. Avoid using alkaline foods when cooking the vegetables, they destroy the nutrients in the vegetables
   6. Use any liquid that comes from the vegetables, do not pour it out
   7. Do not overcook the vegetables    Mark for each correct response)
8. Qualities of a good bathroom floor. (3 marks)
   1. It should be able to resist water
   2. It should not be slippery
   3. It should be even
   4. It should be hard wearing to last long
   5. It should be easy to clean      (Mark for each correct answer)
9. Methods of cooking that can be used when cooking for a sick person. (1 mark)
   1. Boiling
   2. Grilling
   3. Steaming          (½ a mark for each correct response).
10. Points on care of cutting out shears. (2 marks)
    1. Do not drop to avoid breaking them
    2. Use them for the correct purpose, cutting fabric to avoid making them blunt
    3. Keep them in a dry place to avoid having a rusty blade
    4. Ensure the hinge is well secured              (1 mark for each correct response)
11. Ways of minimizing COVID 19 infections in schools. (3 marks)
    1. Wash hands regularly with soap and water
    2. Wear a mask correctly and consistently
    3. Keep rooms well ventilated
    4. Avoid overcrowding- maintain physical distance
    5. Do not hug or shake hands
    6. Do not share masks
    7. For a washable mask change it daily     (1 mark for each correct response)
12. Ways of avoiding poisoning at home. (2 marks)
    • Keep chemicals away from food and children
    • Label containers holding chemicals correctly to avoid confusion
    • Do not store chemicals and medicines in bottles that held juice or other soft drinks
    • Do not eat wild vegetables or fruits without confirming that they are safe to eat
    • Avoid eating poisonous parts of edible plants such as cassava pith and leaves of Rhubarb
    • Keep medication in a lockable unit away from children
    • Use charcoal in a well-ventilated room to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning      (Mark for each correct response)
13. Qualities of a fabric suitable for making an apron. (3 marks)
    1. It should not fray easily
    2. It should be easy to wash
    3. It should not stain easily
    4. It should be strong to withstand frequent washing
    5. It should be colourfast           (1 mark for each correct response)
14. Things that may influence what you buy when going back to school. (3 marks)
    1. Amount of money one has
    2. Peer influence
    3. School regulations
    4. Family background (social status)
    5. Personal interest                 (1 mark for each correct response)
15. Ways of making spring water safe for drinking. (1mark)
    • Boiling
    • Use of water treatment tablets or solutions such as water guard       (½ a mark for each correct response)
16. Causes of frequent cholera outbreaks in the country. (2marks)
    • Inadequate treatment of water that is supplied to houses
    • Untreated raw sewage released to rivers and other water sources where people fetch water from
    • Poor handling of food leading to contamination
    • Poor hand hygiene
    • Vending of food by persons who are not medically certified to handle food    (1 mark for each correct response)
17. Effect of hot water when removing chewing gum on a garment. (1 mark)
    • Hot water softens the chewing gum making it spread and stick on the garment. This makes it difficult to remove the gum from the garment.
18. Properties of nylon that limit its use for pyjamas. (2 marks)
    1. It is cold next to the skin
    2. Nylon is not absorbent so will not take in sweat
    3. It is not strong thus does not withstand frequent washing that pyjamas need     (1 mark for each correct response)
19. Reasons why washing machines may not be common laundry equipment in many Kenyan homes. (3 marks)
    1. They are expensive thus not affordable to many families
    2. They are used with piped water and there are many homes without reliable water
    3. They are operated by electricity and many homes in the country do not have electricity
    4. They may not be available for sale in small towns and one must thus look for them in large towns or cities
    5. They are expensive to run     (mark for each correct response)
20. Advantages of using tomatoes when cooking meat. (1 mark)
    1. Make the meat soft due to acid in the tomatoes
    2. The give the meat a nice flavour
    3. In stews they help thicken the sauce
    4. They enrich the colour of the cooked meat         (½ a mark for each correct response)

SECTION B (20 Marks)

21. You are staying with your elderly grandmother in the village over the holiday.
    1. Procedure to make muddy water from the river safe for drinking without using chemicals. (10 marks)
       1. Collect the required equipment and materials ( ½ )
       2. Remove any leaves or floating material ( ½ ).Cover the water and leave it for a while( ½) in the container for mud to settle ( ½ )at the bottom
       3. Decant the water into another container( ½ ) and discard the mud
       4. Prepare filter( ½ ) using pebbles from the river /charcoal and sand arranged in a prepared open bottomed container ( ½ )
       5. Place a clean container to receive the filtered water (½). Cover the container mouth with a clean( ½ ) fine woven cloth( ½ )/cotton wool to trap any dirt
       6. Pour the decanted water into the filter and let it seep through slowly( ½ ) refilling as necessary
       7. Once all the water is filtered, boil ( ½ )it while covered( ½ ) for at least 20 minutes( ½ )
       8. Remove from the fire and leave the water to cool ( ½ )while still covered( ½ )
       9. Once the water is cool (½), pour into a clean container (½) and close well with a fitting lid (½). Store in a cool place ( ½ )ready for drinking
       10. Clear up ( ½ )
           (20 x ½ mark = 10 marks)
    2. Laundering a knitted shawl. (10 marks)
       1. Collect all equipment and materials( ½ )
       2. Take measurements( ½ ) and record( ½ )
       3. Shake ( ½ )the shawl to remove loose dirt
       4. Wash quickly (½) in warm (½ ) soapy( ½ ) water using kneading and squeezing ( ½ )method. Keep the shawl under water( ½ ) while washing
       5. Rinse in warm( ½ ) water to remove all soap and dirt
       6. Give a final cold ( ½ )rinse to freshen the shawl
       7. Squeeze out water ( ½ )and roll in a towel ( ½ )to remove as much water as possible
       8. Spread out flat( ½ ) on a clean protected( ½ ) surface in a shade( ½ )
       9. Take measurements and compare with the original( ½ ) and shape( ½ ) as necessary
       10. When dry fold ( ½ )and store in a clean drawer( ½ )
       11. Clear up the area ( ½ )    (20 x ½ = 10 marks)

SECTION C (40 Marks)

22.  
    1. Nutrients that are important for a person with Anaemia. (6 marks)
       1. Iron: it is important in the formation of haemoglobin
       2. Proteins: used in building of the blood cells
       3. Vitamin C: assists in the absorption of iron into the body
       4. Vitamin B12: ensures that red blood cells are healthy
          (Correct nutrient ½ mark. Reason 1 mark 1½ x 4 – 6marks)
    2. Points to distinguish between symptoms of wet Beriberi from those of dry Beriberi. (4 marks)
       

       Dry beriberi	Wet beriberi
       Affects the nerves and the muscles	Affects the heart and the circulatory system
       There is no oedema instead muscles are wasted	Leads to oedema of the limbs and trunk
       Leads to paralysis	Leads to a heart attack (cardiac failure)
       Occurs only in adults	Affects both adults and younger people
       Progresses slowly	Progresses very quickly
       Can be reversed at any stage	Easily leads to death

       (1 mark for each correctly matched points 1 x 4 = 4marks)
    3. Ways of reducing Tuberculosis infections in the population. (5 marks)
       1. Ensure all infected persons take their medication correctly and complete the indicated dose
       2. Vaccinate children against tuberculosis
       3. Get tested for tuberculosis if coughing for over two weeks
       4. Ensure there is good ventilation when travelling in public vehicles
       5. Schools should ensure that dormitories are not crowded         (1 mark for each correct response)
    4. Desirable qualities of a seam on the side of a skirt/trouser. (5 marks)
       1. It should well neatened on the raw edges
       2. It should lie flat
       3. It should be correctly stitched along the stitching line to maintain shape
       4. It should be even in size throughout its length
       5. It should be firmly stitched to avoid undoing      (1 mark for each correct response)
23.  
    1. Reasons why educating a woman is important in ensuring a healthy family. (5 marks)
       1. An educated mother will space children to ensure the best for each child
       2. An educated mother will make better decisions on meals for the family
       3. And educated mother may have a job thus provide better or supplement the husband’s income for better care of the family
       4. An educated mother will have a better understanding on the need to have her children immunized for better health
       5. Helps prevent early marriage of girls which could be a threat to family health
       6. The woman can provide better and healthier meals for the family
       7. An educated woman will make better health decisions for her family than an illiterate woman   
          (1 mark for each correct response)
    2. Dangers of living in a poorly drained environment. (5 marks)
       1. Foul smell from stagnant waste water
       2. Pests such as mosquitoes that breed in stagnant water
       3. Slippery areas that could lead to falls
       4. Contamination of drinking water leading to water borne diseases
       5. Flooding leading to property loss
       6. Growth of mould and dampness in the house
       7. Destruction of roads leading to difficulty in access to and from the environment     (1 mark for each correct response)
    3. Reasons why a house may not be cleaned frequently. (6 marks)
       1. The house may not have many occupants. It will therefore not get dirty very fast.
       2. There may be no live in house help and the homemaker may be working away from home thus no one to clean it often
       3. There may not be proper cleaning equipment available. This makes it difficult to clean the house
       4. Water may not be easily accessible and thus the home maker cannot clean frequently
          (Statement 1 mark, explanation 1 mark. 2 x 3 = 6 marks)
    4. Outline four factors that determine the choice of personal clothes. (4 marks)
       1. Money one has to buy clothes
       2. Age of the person
       3. Personal taste
       4. Lifestyle of the person
       5. Prevailing weather in the area
       6. The person’s figure type    (1 mark for each correct response)
24.  
    1. Dangers of living in a crowded neighbourhood. (5marks)
       1. Houses may not have enough light as they may be too close to each other
       2. There may not be sufficient allowance for drainage leading to blockage and leaking sewage
       3. Little privacy due to houses being built too close to each other
       4. There may be no or inadequate recreational facilities or open fields for games and relaxation
       5. Due to close proximity of families, there may be frequent fights among neighbours
       6. Access roads may be narrow or blocked making it difficult to access homes in emergencies such as fire outbreaks
       7. There may be a lot of noise from neighbouring homes making it difficult to relax or concentrate on work
       8. Communicable diseases such as COVID 19 may spread very quickly in such a neighbourhood due to crowding.
       9. Crime may also be high in such an area                       (1 mark for each correct response)
    2. Limitations of using dry cleaning as a sole method of laundering clothes at home. (3 marks)
       1. Solutions used are expensive and for a family wash one would need a lot of the dry cleaning solution
       2. Fumes produced are poisonous and if doing a lot of laundry one will be exposed to the fumes for a long time
       3. One will be required to use large containers to clean the clothes and the liquids evaporate quickly especially in a large open container
       4. It will be tiring to dry clean a whole family wash
       5. The solutions are highly flammable and could easily lead to a fire especially if the laundry area is next to the kitchen
          (1 mark for each correct response)
    3. Ways one can advertise the potatoes they have harvested to get buyers. (4marks)
       1. Person to person (word of mouth) to neighbours and friends
       2. Use of posters that can be put at specific places in the neighbourhood
       3. Point of sale ( boot sale in a specified place)
       4. Use of radio in the local stations      (1 mark for each correct response)
    4. Reasons why wool would not be suitable for making sportswear. (6 marks)
       1. It has hairy projections that make it uncomfortable to wear next to the skin
       2. It is not absorbent and will thus not absorb sweat
       3. It easily stretches and may not keep shape
       4. It does not withstand frequent washing which sportswear requires
       5. It does not dry easily and one may not have enough sets to change frequently
          (1 mark for statement, 1 mark for explanation, 2 x 3= 6)
    5. Difference between an epidemic and a pandemic in infectious diseases. (2marks)
       • An epidemic is a contagious disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region. A pandemic is a large scale epidemic spread over countries or even continents.
         (Correct definition of each 1 mark = 1 x 2 = 2marks)