History Questions and Answers - Form 3 Mid Term 2 Exams 2023

SECTION A (15MKS)

1. Give two disadvantages of archeology as a source of history (2mks)
2. Give two advantages of macadam Roads (2mks)
3. States two functions of Lukiiko among the Baganda in 19 th century (2mks)
4. States two reasons why Africa is considered the Cradle of man (2mks)
5. Give two uses of fire during the middle stone age (2mks)
6. Give three methods used to acquire slaves from West Africa during the Trans –Atlantic trade (3mks)
7. Give two communities that showed mixed reactions to British colonial rule in Kenya. (2mks)

SECTION B (35 MARKS)

8.  
   1. Highlight four economic reasons that led to scramble and partition of Africa. (4mks)
   2. Give six effects for partition of Africa. (6mks)
9.  
   1. Name two communities that participated in MajiMaji rebellion in Tanganyika. (2mks)
   2. Give five results of the Maji maji rebellion. (5mks)
10.  
    1. What were the methods used to establish colonial rule in Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Give four causes of Nandi resistance. (4mks)
11.  
    1. States two functions of Emirs in Northern Nigeria. (2mks)
    2. What were the benefits enjoyed by assimilated Africans. (5mks)
    3. States four reasons for the construction of Kenya Uganda railway. (4mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Give two disadvantages of archeology as a source of history (2mks)
   • It is expensive source of information.
   • It is time consuming during excavation.
   • Some artefacts and fossils are fragile and can disintegrate during excavation.
   • Information may be inaccurate resulting from wrong conclusion or reconstructions.
   • It is not easy to accurately determine date when events took place. It is only estimate through method of dating fossils.
   • There are few archaeological experts and facilities for interpreting archaeological evidence in Kenya
2. Give two advantages of macadam Roads (2mks)
   • They were all- weather roads
   • The roads were wide hence could accommodate more traffic
   • They were durable
   • They were straight hence reduced accidents
   • They had a smooth surface hence the motoring surface was comfortable.
3. States two functions of Lukiiko among the Baganda in the 19th century (2mks)
   • Advised kabaka mainly on matters affecting the country.
   • They represented the people’s concerns and needs to the kabaka.
   • Acted as final court of appeal in setting disputes.
   • They directed collection of taxes in the kingdom and planned expenditure.
   • They helped the kabaka in general administration.
4. States two reasons why Africa is considered the Cradle of man (2mks)
   • Savanna grasslands provided suitable hunting grounds.
   • Many archaeological sites were found in Africa
   • Relatively cool climate which may have favored human settlement
   • Presence of many seasonal rivers
5. Give two uses of fire during the middle stone age (2mks)
   • Man could warm himself during cold night.
   • Lighting
   • Fire enables man to cook roots and roast meat
   • Fire used for hunting and confining animals in certain areas.
   • Fire was used for fighting away wild animals.
   • It improved tool making as it hardened the tip of wooden tools.
   • Early communication was through smoke and fire signals. It thus improved communication.
   • Fire was used as food preservative e.g drying meat and fish.
6. Give three methods used to acquire slaves from West Africa during the Trans –Atlantic trade (3mks)
   • They were sold by rulers such as chiefs and kings to the slave traders
   • The captives of war were sold to the slave traders
   • They were exchanged with other commodities e.g gun and cloth
   • Some lonely travelers were kidnapped by the slave traders
   • Commodities raided their neighbors and captured people who were sold to slave traders
   • Children were enticed with gifts liked sweets and then captured to be sold to slave traders
   • Debtors were sold to slave traders to pay debts.
7. Give two communities that showed mixed reactions to British colonial rule in Kenya. (2mks)
   • Agikuyu
   • Akamba
   • Luo

SECTION B (35 MARKS)

8.  
   1. Highlight four economic reasons that led to scramble and partition of Africa. (4mks)
      • To invest surplus capital
      • Search for raw materials
      • Search for markets for industrial goods
      • Presence of mineral wealth
      • Desire to control trade
   2. Give six effects for partition of Africa. (6mk)
      1. Political Impact
         • European administration based on direct, indirect and assimilation approaches were established.
         • Loss of independence and state organization among African communities under European powers.
         • Africa was introduced to would geo-political system by the colonizing powers.
         • Modern African states boundaries were drawn during the partition.
         • African communities found themselves split into different states without consultation local African rulers lost their internity to European colonizing powers.
         • Africa was given to chartered companies which administered the continent.
         • Intensification of tribal or ethnic difference as colonial powers played a one tribe against another.
      2. Economic Impact
         • African colonies provided and supplied industrial raw materials and markets European industries.
         • African labour was expected for European economic gains.
         • Labor was reunited in Africa through forced legislation and taxation.
         • Infrastructure was developed to link major mining and agricultural areas.
         • European invaders alienated African lands, creating room for European settlements as Africans were pushed to low productive reserves.
         • African economic activities were disrupted, especially among the nomadic pastoralist. Their animals were taken and area of grazing limited.
         • Africans were introduced to international commerce through trade, financial institutions and the use of currency.
         • Wage labor was introduced in Africa.
      3. Social Impacts
         • Permanent European settlement was established.
         • Many Africans lost their lives through resistance and European pacification wars.
         • The Intensification of the spread of Christianity
         • African cultural values were exposed to systematic erosion in the face of European settlement.
         • Western education was encouraged by Christian missionaries.
         • The establishment of Christian missionaries.
         • The establishment of Christian mission centres was accompanied by medical facilties.
         • The development of urban centres ensured roads and railways were built to link those areas.
         • There emerged racial sigigation in Africa as a result of European superiotity complex.
9.  
   1. Name two communities that participated in MajiMaji rebellion in Tanganyika. (2mks)
      • Zaramo, matumbi,Ngindo, Lugulu, Ndendeule, Pogoro ,Mbunga Vena
   2. Give five results of the Maji maji rebellion. (5mks)
      • The uprising led to destruction of property is southern Tanzania e.g. houses and crops.
      • There was loss of many lives through the war and resulting starvation.
      • Many people were displaced as they escaped from, the war torn region of Southern labour.
      • The German colonial government changed its policies e.g. abolition of forced labour.
      • Change of German colonial administration structure from direct to indirect rule, henceforth Africans were used as administration because they understood their systems better.
      • The uprising laid foundation for future African naturalism in Tanganyika/Tanzania.
      • Created division between those communities which resisted and those which collaborated.
10.  
    1. What were the methods used to establish colonial rule in Kenya. (3mks)
       • The maji maji rebellion led to great destruction of property like houses and crops.
       • Generally, the area was depopulated because about 75,000 Africans died during the war and from the famine that was caused by the revolt.
       • There was displacement for those who survived the war and famine as they moved to other areas in search of food some of the leaders who didn’t die daring to fight were arrested by Germans and executed.
       • The failure of the revolt caused ill- feelings among the people and created Krocher tribal deference that lingered throughout the 1st half of the 20th.
       • The people of Southeastern Tanganyika learned that it was important to unite against a common enemy if they needed to attain freedom.
       • They also learned that it was futile to resort to armed resistance against a colonial master possessing better weapons.
    2. Give four causes of Nandi resistance. (4mks)
       • The Nandi Pride
       • Kimnyoles prophecy
       • Physical appearance of the white man
       • Land alienation
       • Desire to maintain their independence
       • Taxation
       • Forced labour
       • Mistrust of strangers
       • Nandi military strength
11.  
    1. States two functions of Emirs in Northern Nigeria. (2mks)
       • Collected taxes
       • Recruited labour for public works
       • Headed local government
       • Maintained law and order
       • Appointed village heads
       • Communicated colonial policies to the people
       • Supervised construction of roads and markets
    2. What were the benefits enjoyed by assimilated Africans. (5mks)
       • Allowed to send representatives to the French chamber of deputies
       • Allowed to vote during elections
       • Were provided with western education
       • Were exempted from forced labour
       • Enjoyed trading rights
       • Were subjected to French judicial systems
       • Were employed in French civil service
       • They had freedom of movement within French empire
    3. State four reasons for the construction of Kenya Uganda railway
       • To establish effective control over British East Africa.
       • To facilitate maximum economic exploitation of the region.
       • To stop slave trade and promote legitimate trade.
       • To facilitate the movement of troops and government administrators into the interior parts of the British protectorate.
       • To link Uganda with the coast and the outside World.
       • To make it possible for Britain to effectively protect her strategic interest in the region.