History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 1 Opener Exams 2021

HISTORY
PAPER 1
FORM 4 TERM 1 OPENER EXAMS
TIME: 2½ HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C
Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
Answer the questions in English.

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.

Identify two written sources of information on Kenyan history (2mks)
Name two aspects of history that you have studied (2mks)
Give the main reason for the migration of Eastern Bantu from Shungwaya (1mk)
Identify two functions of the warriors among the Bantu communities in the pre-colonial period (2mks)
Identify one reason that can lead to revocation of citizenship by birth in Kenya (1mk)
State ways in which the national accord and reconciliation act of 2008 affected the composition of government in Kenya (2mks)
Identify two types of democracy (2mks)
Give two social factors that led to the scramble and partition of East Africa (2mks)
Give two methods which were used by the British to establish their rule in Kenya (2mks)
Give the name of the Wanga leader who collaborated with the British (1mk)
Who was the British administrator in charge of the Imperial British East African Company (1mk)
Give two objectives for establishing colonial health centres (2mks)
Identify the political party formed in 1960 to champion the interest of the minority groups in Kenya (1mk)
Name the election body that organizes general elections in Kenya (1mk)
Give two types of elections held in Kenya (2mks)
Identify the main voting system used in Kenya during elections (1mk)
Who is the head of judiciary in Kenya (1mk)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any THREE questions from this section

1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Luo into Kenya during the 19th century (5mks)
2. Explain five effects of migration and settlement of the Luo into Kenya (10mks)
1. State three reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840 (3mks)
2. Explain six factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan Coast and the outside world in the 16th century (12mks)
1. State three powers given to Imperial British East African Company by the British (3mks)
2. Explain the reasons for an end to the Imperial British East African Company rule in 1895 (12mks)
1. Give five early political organizations formed in Kenya up to 1939 (5mks)
2. Explain problems experienced by European settlers in Kenya (10mks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section

1. Give three levels of conflicts that can be experienced in Kenya (3mks)
2. Explain six factors that promote National Unity in Kenya (12mks)
1. State five principles of Democracy (5mks)
2. Explain the process of constitution review (10mks)
1. State five functions of returning officers in a general election in Kenya (5mks)
2. Explain five factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya (10mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.

Identify two written sources of information on Kenyan history (2mks)
- Books
- Archives
- Journals
- Novels
- Paintings
- Magazines
- Diaries
- Constitutions
- Periodicals
Name two aspects of history that you have studied (2mks)
- Social
- Economic
- Political
Give the main reason for the migration of Eastern Bantu from Shungwaya (1mk)
- Attacks by the Oromo
Identify two functions of the warriors among the Bantu communities in the pre-colonial period (2mks)
- Defending the community from external attacks
- Conducting cattle raids
Identify one reason that can lead to revocation of citizenship by birth in Kenya (1mk)
- If proved that citizenship was acquired through fraud
- If discovered that the person was older than eight years when found in Kenya
- If the nationality or parentage of a person known and reveals that this person was a citizen of another country.
State ways in which the national accord and reconciliation act of 2008 affected the composition of government in Kenya (2mks)
- It created a coalition government
- It created the official position of the prime minister
- It created the positions of the two deputy prime ministers
- It increased the number of ministers
Identify two types of democracy (2mks)
- Direct democracy
- Indirect democracy
Give two social factors that led to the scramble and partition of East Africa (2mks)
- Europeans desired to civilize Africans
- The missionaries appealed for protection from their home government
- Their desire to stop slavery and establish legitimate trade
Give two methods which were used by the British to establish their rule in Kenya (2mks)
- Collaborations
- Military expeditions/use of force
- Signing of treaties/Diplomacy
- Company rule
- Operational bases
Give the name of the Wanga leader who collaborated with the British (1mk)
- Nabongo Mumia
Who was the British administrator in charge of the Imperial British East African Company (1mk)
- William Mackinon
Give two objectives for establishing colonial health centres (2mks)
- To eradicate diseases
- To train medical personnel to handle western medicine
- To improve health and hygiene for Africans and Asiana in towns
Identify the political party formed in 1960 to champion the interest of the minority groups in Kenya (1mk)
- Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU)
Name the election body that organizes general elections in Kenya (1mk)
- Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC)
Give two types of elections held in Kenya (2mks)
- General elections
- By elections
Identify the main voting system used in Kenya during elections (1mk)
- Secret Ballot
Who is the head of judiciary in Kenya (1mk)
- Chief Justice

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any THREE questions from this section

1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Luo into Kenya during the 19th century (5mks)
  - Due to drought and famine
  - Due to diseases
  - Due to population pressure in their cradle land
  - They were escaping from external attacks
  - Due to internal feuds/quarrels
  - Spirit of adventure
  - They were looking for fishing areas
2. Explain five effects of migration and settlement of the Luo into Kenya (10mks)
  - it led to population increase in the country
  - led to intermarriages e.g. Luo and Abaluhyia
  - they displaced other communities e.g. Maasai, Abakuria
  - same Luo assimilated the people they met e.g. Luhyia
  - Trading activities increased with the arrival of the Luo. They exchanged livestock with their neighbours
  - their contact with Bantu made them adopt agriculture
1. State three reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar in 1840 (3mks)
  - Zanzibar was an island hence easy to defend
  - Zanzibar was loyal and supported him during the war
  - Zanzibar had deep natural harbours
  - It had fertile soils for cultivation of cloves
  - It had clean fresh water and pleasant climate
  - Zanzibar was centrally placed/positioned
2. Explain six factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan Coast and the outside world in the 16th century (12mks)
  - Availability of trade items
  - The demand for trade items
  - Existence of enterprising merchants that promoted the trade
  - Accessibility of the East African Coast by Sea
  - Existence of natural harbours for docking of ships
  - The use of Monsoon winds which facilitated the movement of vessels
  - Political stability
  - Availability of credit facilities from Indian Banyans/money lenders
  - Advancement in ship building
1. State three powers given to Imperial British East African Company by the British (3mks)
  - To establish political authority in British East and maintain general order
  - To develop and regulate trade by facilitating the movement of goods between the Coast and interior
  - To collect taxes and institute custom duty in the area
  - To develop and civilize the indigenous people
  - To exploit the areas natural resources
2. Explain the reasons for an end to the Imperial British East African Company rule in 1895 (12mks)
  - Poor transport network which made movement of goods slow
  - Scarcity of mineral wealth and profitable export commodities
  - Lack of proper co-ordination between E.A and Europe
  - The company officials lacked experience
  - Some of the company officials were corrupt
  - Faced resistance from some communities
  - Unfavourable climatic conditions/tropical diseases claimed lives of some of the company personnel
  - Lack of enough personnel
  - Rivalry from German East Africa Company affected operations
1. Give five early political organizations formed in Kenya up to 1939 (5mks)
  - Kikuyu Association
  - Ukamba Members Association
  - Taita Hills Association
  - Kikuyu Central Association
  - Kavirondo Taxpayers’ Welfare Association
  - East African Association/Young Kikuyu Association
2. Explain problems experienced by European settlers in Kenya (10mks)
  - Constant raids by the local inhabitants e.g. Nandi
  - Many Africans were not willing to offer labour
  - Many settlers lacked basic farming knowledge and experience
  - Serious shortage of capital hindered procurement of farm inputs, machinery and labour
  - Marketing was difficult during the war period particularly during the depression of the 1930s
  - They experienced transport problems due to the inadequacy of roads and railways
  - The climate and the soils were alien to them/unfamiliar with seasons
  - Pests and diseases affected the crops

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any TWO questions from this section

1. Give three levels of conflicts that can be experienced in Kenya (3mks)
  - Individual vs individual
  - Group vs group
  - Individual vs state
  - Group vs state
  - State vs state
2. Explain six factors that promote National Unity in Kenya (12mks)
  - The constitution which unites all Kenyans
  - One government which has three arms legislature, executive and judiciary
  - The Presidency who unifies Kenyans and is the spokesman and the international representative of Kenyans
  - Education, one curriculum, religion, music and drama
  - National language:- Kiswahili unites people from different ethnic communities
  - National activities:- National holidays- Jamhuri, Mashujaa, Madaraka
  - Agricultural and other shows
  - Games and sports
  - Disaster management
  - Mass media
  - Symbols of National Unity: National flag, National anthem, Coat of arms, Public seal
  - Economic growth: Fair distribution of resources, urbanization, employment opportunities, common currency
1. State five principles of Democracy (5mks)
  - Rule of law
  - Bill of rights to protect freedoms of citizens
  - Economic freedom of citizens is protected
  - Responsible, free, fair and objective mass media in the country
  - Equality among all citizens
  - Multi-party system/democracy
  - Transparency and accountability
  - Consent of the people
2. Explain the process of constitution review (10mks)
  - Civic education to the citizens
  - Collection of views from the people
  - Writing the draft constitution
  - Organizing National constitutional Conference
  - Forwarding of draft constitution to parliament for approval
  - Referendum on the proposed constitution
  - Promulgation by the president for it to take effect
1. State five functions of returning officers in a general election in Kenya (5mks)
  - They receive nomination papers from prospective candidates in wards/constituencies/country’s presidential candidates
  - They set up polling stations/booths in each polling station where voting takes place
  - They distribute ballot papers/boxes to all polling stations which are manned by presiding officers
  - They supervise voting and counting of votes in the constituency
  - They receive/tally/verify constituency poll results before announcing them
  - They appoint presiding officers who are put in charge of polling stations
  - They tally presidential results from the constituencies/counties and relay them to the national tallying centre
2. Explain five factors which can interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya (10mks)
  - Corruption among electoral officials compromises fairness of the electoral process
  - Election violence during the election period discourages potential voters
  - Illiteracy of some voters makes them to be misled
  - Incompetent election officials can mismanage the process undermining the process
  - Rigging may interfere with elections where the wrong candidate is declared a winner
  - Inadequate civic education denies the electorate opportunity to learn about the importance of participating in elections
  - Poor physical infrastructure: Some polling stations may be inaccessible denying voters a chance to vote
  - Electoral equipment like BVR kits can break down during elections thereby slowing down the process
  - Harassment of voters by supporters of different candidates/parties can prevent voters from voting in certain strongholds