History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 2 Exams 2023

SECTION A

1. Identify one type of early manuscript which is likely to contain information on History and Government.   (1mk)
2. State Charles Darwin theory of evolution. (1mk)
3. Identify two ways in which early agriculture spread in Africa. (2mks)
4. Identify the main method of trade in Africa during the pre-colonial period.    (1mk)
5. Give two main items of the trans-saharan trade. (2mks)
6. Name the centre where freed slaves were settled by the Missionaries in Tanzania.   (1mk)
7. State two advantages of using the pipeline over vehicles in transporting oil.   (2mks)
8. Give two inventions that revolutionized the textile industry in Britain during the 18^th Century (2mks)
9. Identify two social functions of the ancient city of Athens in Greece. (2mks)
10. Identify two ways which industrial revolution contributed to colonization of Africa by Europeans.  (2mks)
11. Identify the main aim of the Berlin conference between 1884 – 1885. (1mk)
12. Outline two reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four communes of Senegal. (2mks)
13. Give two political development in south Africa between 1990 – 1994 which led to peaceful introduction of the majority rule in the country. (2mks)
14. Give one reason why the United states of America (USA) did not join the first World war until 1917. (1mk)
15. Name the country that was blamed for the outbreak of 1 st world war. (1mk)
16. Identify one economic factor which contributed to the collapse of the East African community in 1917.   (1mk)
17. Name one major political party in the United state of America. (1mk)

SECTION B

18.  
    1. State five dis-advantages of hunting as an economic activity of the early man.  (5mks)
    2. Describe the culture of early human beings during the new stone age period.  (10mks)
19.  
    1. Give three ways in which water was used in industries during the 18^th Century.   (3mks)
    2. Explain six effects of scientific inventions on medicine. (12mks)
20.  
    1. Give three problems which European colonialists faced as they established their rule in Africa in the second half of the 19 th Century. (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that led to the defeat of Samori Toure by the French.   (12mks).
21.  
    1. Highlight three reasons why Ghana attained independence ahead of other African countries.   (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that favored the success of front for the liberation of Mozambique(FRELIMO)nationalists during their struggle for independence in Mozambique. (12mks)

SECTION C

22.  
    1. Give three functions of Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Asante kingdom during the eighteen century. (12mks)
23.  
    1. Give three reasons why the league of Nations failed to maintain world peace.   (3mks)
    2. Explain six political consequences of the second world war.(12mks)
24.  
    1. Identify three circumstances that may make the vice president assume presidency in India.   (3mks)
    2. Explain six responsibilities of the Federal Government of the United states of America. (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

1.  
   • The scroll
   • stone tablet
   • Parchment
2. Simple life form gradually and develops into higher forms of life over millions of years.
3.  
   • Through migration
   • Through trade
   • Through intermarriages
   • Through wars
4. Barter trade
5.  
   • Gold
   • Salt
6. Bagamoyo
7.  
   • The pipeline delivers oil faster than vehicles/no traffic jams
   • It is safer to transport oil by pipeline than vehicles.
   • The pipeline ensures regular/continuous supply of oil to required areas/depots
   • It is easier to maintain the pipeline than vehicles.
8.  
   • The flying shuttle by John Kay
   • The spinning frame by James Hargreaves
   • The water frame by Richard Arkwright
   • The spinning mule by Samuel Crompton
   • The power looms by Edmund cart wright
   • The cotton gin by Eli Whitney. (2x1=2mks)
9.  
   • It was a cultura centre/music/arts/theatre
   • It was an educational centre
   • It was a sports centre
   • It was a religious centre
10.  
    • The need for raw materials for their industries
    • Desire to establish new markets for their manufactured goods.
    • Desire by Europeans industrialists to invest their surplus capital
11. To divide up Africa among Europeans nations in a peaceful manner.
12.  
    • one must read, write and speak French language
    • One must be converted to Christianity
    • Knowing and practicing French legal system
    • Knowing and practicing French civil and political system
    • One had to learn French mannerism eg eating and dressing habits.
13.  
    • The release of prominent African political prisoners eg Nelson Mandela
    • Intiation of dialogue between all racial groups by President Fredrick de Klerk
    • By holding a multiracial elections in April 1994
    • Relaxation of apartheid laws through constitutional reforms/accepting Africans political parties.
14.  
    • She did not want to get involved in European affairs/Monroe doctrine
    • She feared the war world be fought in America because of German population.
    • America interest had not been interfered with/had commercial relation on both sides.
15.  
    • Through propaganda
    • Through economic sactions
    • Through financial aids to the allies of the enemy.
    • Through military support to the allies of the enemy.
16.  
    • The perception that Kenya was benefiting more than other members.
    • Inadequate funds to finance industrial developments
    • Unfavorable trade tariffs
    • Lack of common currency.
17.  
    • Democratic party
    • Republican party

SECTION B: 45 MARKS

18.  
    1.  
       • It is difficult to locate/spot the animals
       • Animals are a threat/dangerous to humans
       • Hunting is time consuming
       • It is tiresome
    2.  
       • They used microlethic tools which were efficient and effective in farming, hunting and defense.
       • They lived in more permanent shelters made of tree branches, leaves and grass which protected them from harsh climate conditions.
       • They practices agriculture which assured them of regular food supply.
       • Man led a more sedentary lifestyle which enabled them to concentrate in farming.
       • They developed a system of government in order to control the conduct of people /maintain law and order.
       • They developed religious beliefs which were used to explain mysteries of nature/natural phenomena
       • They practiced art and craft where they made baskets, pots and bronze or iron tools which they used for various purposes.
       • They buries/cremated the dead with their possessions as an expression of their belief in life after death.
19.  
    1.  
       • To turn water wheels/grinding stones in flour mills
       • To clean the medicines in industries
       • To cool machines
       • To turn spinning machines in textile industries
       • To produce steam power to drive machine.
    2.  
       • Through medical researchers, terminal diseases which used to kill or disfigure people have been reduced or eradicated.
       • It has led to job creation for medics and other works who perform various duties in health institutions.
       • Advances/sophisticated medical equipment which perform computer assisted surgery have been developed.
       • It has made surgical operations safer thereby reducing the number of people who die during and after operations.
       • The invention of vaccines has helped to prevent spread of diseases leading to increased life expectancy.
       • The invention have made it possible for transplant of body parts such as heart, liver and kidney thereby sustaining human life.
       • The technology of developing test tubes has helped childless couples to have children
       • Use of contraceptives emerged to control population growth.
       • Careless disposal of used medical products are harmful to humans.
       • It has weakened immunity due to dependence on drugs and drug abuse.
20.  
    1.  
       • They were attacked by tropical diseases.
       • The unfavorable terrain hindered their movement.
       • They faced hostility from some African communities.
       • The region lacked developed means of transport and communication.
       • They faced shortage of food.
       • There was language barrier between Europeans and Africans.
    2.  
       • the constant movement of his army and people denied them time to concentrate on gainful activities resulting to inadequate food supplies.
       • The scorched earth policy that he used when fighting made his people to be impoverished and thus turned against him.
       • Some Africa communities in the area supported the French  against Samouri Toure eg Sekou of Turklor.
       • The French had superior weapons and better means to re-equip their stores than Samori Toure.
       • Samoris second empire was difficult to defend as it was open to attack on all sides either by the British or the French.
       • Samori left the rich Bure gold mines as he retreated thus being cut off from free town thus could not purchase more communition.
21.  
    1.  
       • Economic development brought by the cultivation of coca promoted political changes.
       • The large group of educated elite.
       • The small presence of European settlers in Ghana.
       • Good transport and communication network made movement of people and information quick and effective.
       • Support from pan African movement.
    2.  
       • Use of Guerilla tactics to attack the Portuguese from different parts of the country strained colonial recourses.
       • The local population was recruited in the army which out numbered the Portuguese forces
       • Mozambique was highly forested thus providing good cover for the Guerilla fighters from portuguse war planes.
       • FRELIMO fighters were working on familiar ground/terrain.
       • The FRELIMO nationalists cultivate their own food thus being self-sufficient in food supplies.
       • The nationalists were aided financially materially and morally by communists countries which enabled them to continue with the struggle.
       • Support by the OAU inspired the nationalists to keep on the struggle.
       • The practice of FLERIMO of setting up administrative structure in liberated areas encouraged the Africans in Mozambique to support the struggle.
       • The recognition of the role of woman helped the nationalists to mobilize the communities to support the struggle.
       • FRELIMO fighters received constant flow of information about the movement of the Portuguese troops.
       • Elimination of ethics differences appealed to all the Mozambicans to join in the common course .

SECTION C

22.  
    1.  
       • It helped the Kabaka in the administration.
       • It acted as the final court of appeal/settled disputes.
       • It advised the Kabaka on various issues
       • It presented the people interest
    2.  
       • The Asante Hene was the head of state and government.
       • The empire consisted of three parts.
       • Kumasi /metropolitan Asante was the capital of the kingdom and was directly under the Asante Hene.
       • Amatoo /Asante states were four states;Dwabeni, Be-kwai,Kokofu and Nsula. These states were ruled by kings known as Omanhene.
       • Provincial Asante comprised of all the states conquered by the Asante and pledged loyalty to the Asante Hene by paying taxes.
       • Power in the Asante kingdom was shared and it had a federal system of government.
       • All state paid taxes to the Asante Hene for administration and for the army.
       • The Asante kingdom had a standing army which was composed of men from all over the Asante Kingdom.
       • The Asante Hene was the head of the army.
       • There was a national festival known as Odwira festival where omanhenes assembled every year in Kumasi.
23.  
    1.  
       • Some European opposed the peace treaty Versailles eg German.
       • The USA did not support the league of nations.
       • The membership of the organization was not that inclusive.
       • Most members were conserved with their sovereignity as opposed to the interests of the league of nations.
       • The conference of ambassadors in paris continued to frustrate the league by interfering with its work.
       • Shortage of funds made it difficult for the league to implement its programmes.
       • The league lacked its own army to implement its decision.
       • The rise of dictation in Europe.
       • The economic depression of 1929 weakened the worlds economics.
    2. Creation of state of Israel to settle the displaced jews.
       • The myth of European superiority was destroyed due to the defeat of British and American forces in the far Eat by the Japanese.
       • Germany was divided in to two capitalists west Germany and communists East Germany.  The city of Berlin was also divided between the East and the West.
       • The failure of the league of Nations to maintain world peace led to the founding of the UON.
       • The division of Europe into two opposing blocks led to the cold war which was followed by arms race between USA and USSR.
       • To check the spread of communism in Europe, USA assited weakened European powers through the marshall plan.
       • Pre-war balance of power was destroyed and power vacuum was filled by two new super powers, the USA and USSR.
24.  
    1.  
       • When the sitting president dies
       • If the president becomes incapacitated.
       • When the president resigns.
       • When the president is removed /impeached.
    2.  
       • It is in charge of foreign policy hence defines US relations with the rest of the world.
       • It regulates commerce/trade with foreign nations and federal state in line with its foregn policy.
       • It resolves disputes involving state in order to maintain harmony in the federation.
       • It is responsible for paying debts incurred by the government.
       • It is in charge of taxation hence determines levies/collection of taxes.
       • It enacts laws which are binding to states in the federation.
       • It provides a common defense of Unites States of America from internal and external aggression.
       • It establishes federal courts which administers justice and interpreting the constitution.
       • It makes and issues currency/regulates the value of currency.
       • It admits new states in the federation.