AGRICULTURE Paper 2 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Past Papers

SECTION A 

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided 

1. Give four reasons why a famer may use a jembe  instead of a disc plough
2. Name four sheep breeds reared in kenya 
3. Give four ways in which a famer can restrain a bull in the farm 
4. Name four stages ticks go through in their life-cycle 
5. State four factors that determine the amount of water taken by an animal . (2marks)
6. Distinguish between each of the following pair of terms as used in livestock production 
   1. selection and breeding (1mark)
   2. inbreeding and line breeding  (1mark)
7. State four signs of parturition in goats  (2marks)
8. Name four materials a farmer requires in order to construct a barbed wire fence . (2marks)
9. State four symptomps of coccidiosis infection in chicks . (2marks)
10. State four management practices carried out to prevent accurrence of parasites  in a poultry house . (2marks)
11. Name four components of milk  (2marks)
12. State four uses odf solar energy in a farm . (2marks )
13.  
    1. State the colour difference between the Galla and saanen goat breeds. (1marks)
    2. Name one  goat breed that is reared for 
       1. mohair  (¹/₂ marks)
       2. meat  (¹/₂ marks)
14. State four ways in which proper housing helps to control livestrock diseases   (2marks)
15. State one use of the following farm tools ;
    1. pruning hook  (¹/₂marks)
    2. dosing gun    (¹/₂marks)
    3. bow saw   (¹/₂marks)
    4. crowbar  (¹/₂marks)

SECTION B 

Answer all the questions in the section in the spaces provided 

16.  A farmer wants to prepare 100kg ration containing 20% DCP from wheat (10%DCP) and sunflower seed cake ( 35%DCP).Using  the pearson's square method , calculate the quantity of wheat and sunflower seed cake the farmer requires . (5marks)
17. The picture below shows a poultry rearing system .
    1. Identify the rearing system .
    2. From the picture , state two ways in which the system can lead to low eggs production. (2marks)
    3. State two ways in which the rearing system can lead to lose of birds . (2marks)
18. The diagram below shows a  practical carried out by poultry farmers to determine productivity od layer birds.
    
    1. Give one reasion for carrying out the practice in poultry rearing . (1mark)
    2. Apart from the practice  shown above , give two other features on the birds to determine  productivity . (2marks)
    3. From the diagram , which advice shoud be given to the farmer on each of the birds;
       Bird E(1mark)
       Bird F (1mark)
19. Below is a diagram  of a livestork parasite.
    
    1. Identify the parasite.  (1mark)
    2. Name  the intermediate host of the parasite..  (1mark)
    3. Explain  how each of the following practices help to control the parasite ;
       1. Applying copper sulphate on stagnat water     (1mark)
       2. drenching infested animals with antihelmintics  (1mark)
       3. rotational grazing   (1mark)

SECTION C 

Answer any two questions from this sections in the spaces provided after question 22.

20.  
    1. Give five disadvantages of natural incubation in poultry rearing . (5marks)
    2. Describe five ways of  minimising stress in a deep litter poultry rearing system .(5marks)
    3. Describe  ten routine management practices carried out during calf rearing  (10marks )
21.  
    1. Explain five reasons why farmers use animal drawn impliments. (5marks)
    2. Describe five  maintainace practices for the water cooling system of a tractor . (5marks)
    3. Explain the defference between  a spray race and a cattle dip . (10marks)
22.  
    1. Describe ten routine management practices carried out in the  rearing of male calves   (10marks)
    2. Describe anthrax disease under each of the following sub-headings;
       1. causal organism  (1mark)
       2. symptoms of infection  (4marks)
       3. control measures (5marks ),

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30 marks)

1. Four reasons why a farmer may use a jembe instead of a disc plough
   • It is cheap to buy/use.
   • The land may be too small to use a disc plough
   • The land may be too steep to use a disc plough
   • The land may be having rocks or stumps for a plough to be used
   • Jembe does not require skilled labour to use it.
   • The land may be water logged for a disc plough to be used.    (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
2. Four sheep breeds found in Kenya.
   • Merino
   • Corriedale
   • Dorper
   • Red Maasai
   • Blackhead Persian
   • Romney marsh
   • Hampshire down   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
3. Four ways a farmer may restrain a bull.
   • Using a rope
   • Using a crush
   • Halter
   • Bullring and lead stick     (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
4. Stages ticks go through in their life cycles
   • Egg
   • Larva
   • Nymph
   • Adult    (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
5. Four factors that determine amount of water taken by an animal.
   • Age of the animal.
   • Breed of the animal/ species
   • Type of feed taken by the animal
   • Ambient temperature/weather conditions
   • Level of production/ amount of work
   • Weight or body type    (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
     (4 x 1⁄2 mark)
6.  
   1.  
      • Selection Process of allowing certain animals to be parents of future generations while culling others.
      • Breeding - Process of mating selected male and female animals to produce offspring of desired characteristics.
   2.  
      • Inbreeding - Mating of animals which are closely related. Father-daughter.
      • Line breeding - Mating distantly related animals that share a common ancestor c.g. cousins.  (2 marks)
7. Four signs of parturition in goats.
   • The udder becomes firm
   • Teats enlarge
   • Muscles on either side of the tail slackens
   • Restlessness
   • Separating itself from the rest of the herd
   • Clear discharge from the vulva
   • Appearance of the water bath.   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
8. Materials required for construction of barbed wire fence
   • Posts/poles
   • Barbed wire
   • Fencing nails/ staples
   • Concrete
   • Wood preservative
   • Droppers   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
9. Four symptoms of coccidiosis infection in chicks
   • Diarrhea.
   • Dysentery/brood in dung
   • Emaciation
   • Ruffled feathers
   • Dullness with dropping wings
   • Sudden death    (2 marks)
10. Four management practices carried out to prevent occurrence of para-sites in a poultry house.
    • Dusting using appropriate chemicals
    • Maintaining proper hygiene
    • Deworming regularly
    • Controlling predators and vermin
    • Use clean litter
    • Use of clean feed, water, feeders and waterers.   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
11. Four components of milk
    • Water
    • Minerals
    • Proteins
    • Carbohydrates
    • Vitamins
    • Butter fat
12. Four uses of solar on the farm
    • Distillation of clean drinking water
    • Water heating
    • Drying farm produce
    • Generating electricity
    • For cooking   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
13.  
    1. Colour difference between Galla and Saanen. Saanen is white with pink stain while Galla is white with black stain.   1x1 ( 1mark)
    2.  
       1. Goat used for mohair - Angora goat.  
       2. Meat goats: Small East African Goat; Galla, Boer:  1x1 ( 1mark)
14. Four ways in which proper housing helps to control livestock diseases//
    • Its leak proof to prevent dampness
    • Well ventilated to allow air circulation
    • Well-lit to prevent blindness.
    • Protect animals from adverse weather elements e.g. draft
    • It's easy to clean
    • Its well-drained to prevent dampness
    • It keeps away predators and vermin     (4 x 1⁄2 mark) (2 marks)
15. One use of:
    1. Pruning hook Hook down branches high up on the tree to enable the farmer to reach them for purpose of pruning.  1x1⁄2=½mark
    2. Dosing gun- giving oral liquid drugs to animals   1x1⁄2=½mark
    3. Bow saw cutting logs or thick pieces of timber  1x1⁄2=½mark
    4. Crowbar
       • Removing long nails from timber/ wood
       • Straining fencing wire
       • Digging fencing holes    1x1⁄2=½mark
16.  
    
    Amount of wheat require
    d ¹⁵/₂₅ × 100 = 60kg
    Amount of sunflower seedcake ¹⁰/₂₅ × 100 = 40kg
17.  
    1. Rearing system
       • Free range    1x1(1 mark)
    2. Two ways in which the system lowers egg production
       • Eggs can get lost in the bushes
       • Eggs may be eaten by predators
       • Use a lot of energy on movement at the expense of egg production   2x1(2 marks)
    3. Two ways which may lead tlo bird loss
       • Death of birds fdue to diseases
       • Birds may be eaten by predators
       • Birds may be lost if there is no fence     2x1(2 marks)
18.  
    1. Why the practice is carried out
       • Determine good layers
       • Cull poor layers   1x1(1 mark)
    2. Features
       • Skin colour of the vent, legs and beaks
       • Feel the breast area of the bird
       • Combs, wattles and vents
       • Eyes   3x1(3 marks)
    3.  
       • Bird E -  Good layer - Keep it for egg production
       • Bird F - Poor layer - Cull it, rear for meat.   1x1(1 mark)
19.  
    1. Identify the parasite
       • Liver fluke/ Fasciola spp.    1x1(1 mark)
    2. intermediate host
       • Fresh water snails/mud snails   1x1(1 mark)
    3. Control measures
       1. Kills the intermediate host/snail
       2. Kills the parasite stages within the animal body
       3. Starves the developmental stages in infested pasture to death

SECTION C (40 marks)

20.  
    1. Five disadvantages of natural incubation in poultry.
       • Only few chicks can be hatched at a time by one hen.
       • It not easy to plan when to incubate.
       • Diseases and parasites can be transmitted in chicks after hatching.
       • It requires a broody hen.
       • It reduces egg production when a hen goes broody. When a broody hen gets infected, the eggs get spoilt.
         5x1 = (5 marks)
    2. Five ways of minimizing stress in chicks
       • Keep poultry house quiet
       • Insulate the poultry house to maintain uniform temperature
       • Control diseases and parasites
       • Change of routine program should be gradual
       • Provide adequate water and feed
       • Minimize entry of strangers into the poultry house.
       • Control predators
       • Provide a balanced diet
       • Follow the routine to minimize frequency of disturbance
       • Provide adequate space, feeder and waterers to prevent overcrowding
       • Avoid introducing new birds into the flock
       • Ensure proper lighting in the poultry house.   5x1 = (5 marks)
    3. Ten routine management practices in calf rearing
       • Allow the calf suckle to colostrum/ practice bucket feeding
       • Feed the calf on milk up to the 10 week before weaning
       • Introduce calf pellets and soft forage from 8 weeks (early weaning), or from 3 week (late weaning) up to 16" week.
       • Spray the calf with correct concentration of acaricides to control external parasites.
       • Drench the calf with appropriate antihelminthes to control internal parasites.
       • Vaccinate the calf against infectious diseases e.g. foot and mouth disease, black quarter disease, brucellosis.
       • Castrate male calves at the age of 2 to 3 months to control breeding
       • Identify the calves to facilitate record keeping by carrying out ear notching, tagging, tattooing etc.
       • Remove extra teats using sterilized scissors, sharp knives or teat clippers and disinfect the wound.
       • Dehorn or disbud the calf using disbudding iron.
       • Maintain proper hygiene by cleaning the calf pen regularly and using clean feeders and water.  10x1 = (10 marks)
21.  
    1. Five reasons why farmers use animal drawn implements
       • Does not require high skilled labour
       • Animals are cheap to buy and maintain compared to tractor
       • Work output is higher than that of human being
       • Animal drawn implements are cheaper to buy and maintain than tractor drawn implements
       • They are more economical on small farm holdings compared to tractor
       • They can work in areas impossible for tractors   5x1 = (5 marks)
    2. Five maintenance practices of water cooling system of a tractor.
       • Lubricate water pump regularly
       • Use clean water in the radiatorRemove trash and dust from the fins
       • Ensure pipes are tightly fitted to avoid leakage
       • Fill the radiator with clean water before starting each day's work
       • Check the fan belt and adjust accordingly    5x1 = (5 marks)
    3. Differences between a spray race and a cattle dip
       

       Spray race	Cattle dip
       - Use chemical msolution in  a reservoir  - Chemical sprayed with noxxles  - Chemical sprayed relative to the number of animal/per animal  - Open walk in entry  - Open walk out exit  - Use motorized pump  - Faster spray  - Less labour is required  - Requires skilled maintenance labour  - Safe for pregnant and sick animals.	-Chemical solution in deep bath  - Animals immersed in deep wash  - Chemical put depend on the volume of the deep bath  - Jump in entry to the bath  - Stairway climb exit  - No motorized pump  - Slow  - Labour intensive  - Non skiled maintenance labour  - Not used for pregnant and sick animals

       10x1 = (10 marks)
22.  
    1. Routine management practices of a male calf
       • Parasite control - spray against external parasite. Drench against internal parasite regularly
       • Disease control - Should be vaccinated against inkfectious diseases such as foot and mouth.
         Treatment by giving prophylactic drugs.
       • Identification - suitable identification methods such as ear tagging, tattooing, ear notching.
       • Proper record keeping.
       • Dehorning disbudding - this facilitates economic use of space when feeding.
       • Makes them docile and easy to handle.
       • Foot trimming
       • Feeding - artificial feeding - colostrum/creep feeding
       • Housing - single pen
       • Clearing the pen.    10x1 = (10 marks)
    2.  
       1. Causal organismal - Bacteria  (Bacillus anthracis)     1 x 1= (1 mark)
       2. Symptoms
          • High fever
          • Swelling on the underside of the body.
          • Excessive bloating of the stomach after death.
          • Absence of rigor mortis on carcass.
          • Blood stains on natural orifices/ watery discharge.
          • Blood stains in feaces and milk
          • May cause suffocation in pigs due to swelling mof throat.
          • Sudden death.  4x1 = (4 marks)
       3. Control
          • Quarantine in case of an outbreak
          • Vaccination using blanthax
          • Proper disposal of carcass
          • The carcass must not been opened
          • Treat early cases with antibiotics
          • Disinfect contaminated areas using formalin
          • Treatment of wound to prevent entry of pathogens.   5x1 = (5 marks)