HISTORY PAPER 2 Marking Scheme - 2017 KITUI MOCK EXAMINATION

SECTION A

1. Name one distinct stage in which evolution of man took place (1 mark)
   • Mutation
   • Natural selection
   • Environmental adaptation
   • Isolation

2. Mention one chemical dating method used by the archeologists (1 mark)
   • Radio-carbon method
   • Potassium-argon dating method

3. Identify two hunting methods used by early man (2 marks)
   • Digging holes on paths
   • Chasing and throwing stones
   • Chasing them over steep slopes
   • Cornering animals at water points
   • Setting bush fires

4. State two theories that explain the origin and spread of agriculture
   • Diffusion theory
   • Independent theory

5. What was the main reason behind the spread of early agriculture in USA? (1 mark)
   • The introduction of land enclosure system in British which rendered many people landless hence migrating to USA

6. Give two characteristic of currency as a method of trade (2 marks)
   • Should be accepted by the society
   • Should durable
   • Should be divisible into small units
   • Should be elastic

7. Apart from Ghana and Mali name any other empire that developed as a result of Trans-Sahara Trade (1 mark)
   • Songhai

8. Define “space age” (1 mark)
   • This refers to a period in which the exploration of the space became possible

9. Name the people accredited to the invention of stone tablets as a means of communication (1 mark)
   • Sumerians

10. Highlight two major factors that considered to the decline of Meroe town (2 marks)
    • The rise of Axum kingdom in modern Ethiopia hence denying them access to red sea
    • Increased desertification in the region

11. Mention one activity that took place during Odwira festival (1 mark)
    • Honour of dead
    • Settle disputes among the Omanhere
    • Show loyalty to the Asantehere

12. Name two leaders who prepared African forces in majimaji rebellion (2 marks)
    • Kinjekitile Ngwale
    • Abdalla Mpanda
    • Ngamea

13. State two types of nationalism expressed in South Africa (2 marks)
    • British nationalism
    • Afrikaner nationalism (Boers)
    • African nationalism

14. Identify the rival movement formed in Mozambique to counter FRELIMO in 1965 (1 mark)
    • COREMO

15. Name two weapons that were introduced in a bid to end the stalemate during the First World War (2 marks)
    • Poisonous gases
    • Airplanes
    • Tanks

16. Name two wars that occurred as a result of Cold War (2 marks)
    • Vietnam War
    • Korean War

17. Identify the organ that keeps annual register of voter I Britain (1 mark)
    • Local authorities

SECTION B

18.  
    1. State five factors that favoured the beginning of early agriculture during the New Stone Age
       • Hunting and gathering was tiresome
       • Exhaustion of hunting grounds
       • Competition for food between animals and human being
       • Increased human population hence need for more food
       • Natural calamities destroyed vegetation leaving man without food
       • Man realized that some animals were friendly 5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Explain five effects of early agriculture in Egypt (10 marks)
       • Increased food production
       • Farmers settled down permanently
       • Increase in trading actions
       • Urban centre developed
       • Led to discovery of writing, arithmetic and geometry
       • New class of people developed
       • Enhanced transportation of goods  5 x 2 = 10 marks

19.  
    1. Sub-groups of the Shona (3 marks)
       • Karamga                   -      Korekore
       • Zezeni                      -      Zezeru
       • Rozwi                       -      Manyika 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Political organization of the Shona
       • Ruled by a king (Mwene Mutapa)
       • Kings position was hereditary
       • The king was the chief religious authority since he could communicate with Vadzimu (ancestral spirit) – a divine king
       • The king used priest as a link between him and people
       • There existed a royal fire which kept burning till death of a king
       • Chiefs carried a flame form this fire to their kingdom and also kept it burning
       • The empire was divided into provinces ruled by chief
       • The senior officials in the bureaucracy who assisted the king were court steward, treasurer,   commander-in-chief of army, Mbokurumme, Queens’s mother
       • The king had a standing army 6 x 1 = 12 marks

20.  
    1. Factors of the industrial recovery of West Germany after World War II
       • West Germany still had a high population which provided sufficient labour
       • Through the marshal plan, USA pumped a lot of money in West Germany
       • Germany industries were not totally destroyed by the two wars
       • Industries unrest and strikes were not common in Germany
       • Good leadership in Germany accelerated industrialization
       • Germany re-unification of 1990 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Challenges facing industrialization in India
       • Competition for markets from industrialized countries
       • High poverty levels
       • Poor transport and communication
       • Political instability
       • Frequent natural calamities e.g. drought and floods
       • Huge foreign debts
       • High population 
       • Low technological knowhow  6 x 2 = 12 marks

21.  
    1. Outline three economic factors that led to scramble and partition of Africa (3 marks)
       • Need to invest surplus capital
       • Need to get market for the European finished good
       • Africa was endowed with minerals therefore there was need to exploit them
       • Acquisition of white highland 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Explain six reasons why Mandika resistance took long to suppress (12 marks)
       • Samori had a large army of 35,000 men
       • Samori had knowledge to organize his army
       • Samori knew French military tactics
       • Unity among the army and the civilians
       • Samori had a military workshop which provided him with weapons
       • Many soldiers believed were fighting a holy was (Jihad)
       • The army adopted guerilla war tactic
       • Samori had established two territories which provided hideout 6 x 2 = 12 marks

SECTION C

22.  
    1. Identify three main bodies of the League of nations (3 marks)
       • The Assembly
       • The Council
       • The Secretariat
       • The Permanent Court Of International Justice
       • International Labour Office
       • Specialized Commissions and Communities 3 x 1 = 3 marks
    2. Explain six problems faced by the League of nations (12 marks)
       • Lack of military force to implement their decision
       • Insufficient funds
       • Nationalism enhanced states to follow their own interests
       • Several superpowers remained outside the League e.g. USA
       • Failure for USA to ratify the Leagues charter
       • Member states were timid and employed a policy of appeasement towards dictators
       • Its operations were greatly hampered by the great depression of 1929 which ravaged world economies

                                                6 x 2 = 12 marks

23.  
    1. Causes of Second World War (5 marks)
       • Growth of nationalism in Europe
       • Economic depression of 1929 which brought social discomfort
       • Emergence of dictators e.g. Mussolini, Hitler etc.
       • Weakness of the League of Nations
       • System of alliances
       • Appeasement policy adopted by Britain and France
       • The rise of Hitler and his ambitions advanced through Nazi part 5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Reasons for the defeat of Axis in the Second World War
       • Allies had many followers
       • Allies had more superior weapons
       • Entry of USA into the war on the side of Allies was a boost
       • Axis powers had weak serious military mistakes e.g. Japan concentered in producing battleships rather than aircrafts
       • Germany failed to effectively control their conquered states
       • Hitler’s concentration in manufacturing V-Rockets rather than aircrafts 5 x 2 = 10 marks

24.  
    1. Symbolic and ceremonial significant of the British Monarch
       • Its presence provides continuity to executive policy
       • It inspires the head of government with sense of responsibility
       • It acts as useful counsellor to the head of government
       • It sets standards for social life
       • It’s a symbol of common wealth unity 5 x 1 = 5 marks
    2. Factors in which powers of the American present are checked
       • Congress checks the powers of the president
       • Congress can refuse to approve the use of government funds for a foreign policy if it disagrees
       • Congress can impeach a sitting present if his conduct is not satisfactor
       • The Supreme Court may declare s president to have acted unconditionally
       • The constitution limits any individual to two four-year terms as president
       • The mass media have acted as a major check on presidential powers
       • Pressure groups also help to check presidential actions
       • Public opinion sometimes plays a vital role in limiting the president actions  5 x 2 = 10 marks