AGRICULTURE PAPER 1 Marking Scheme - 2017 MURANG'A MOCK EXAMINATION

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SECTION A (30 MARKS)

  1.  
    1. Production of fruits.       (1x1=1mk)
    2. Rearing livestock and growing crops on  the  same piece of land of the same time.        (1x1=1mk)
  1.  
    • Leaching
    • Volatilization
  1. Factors that affect
    1. Seed purity;-  If purity as low a higher seed rate is used.
    2. Wider spacing results to a lower seed rate                        (1x1=1mk)
  1.  
    • Make store vermin proof/ use of rat guards
    • Cleaning the store
    • Cleaning bushes around the store
    • Timely harvesting
    • Store grains that are free from pests
    • Dry maize to the correct moisture                   (4x ½ = 2mks)
  1. A indication of the amount of each nutrient contained in a fertilizer.       (1x1=1mk)
  2.  
    • Great incentive to farmer to conserve, improve and farm the land
    • Land title deed can be used to secure loans
    • Incentive to farmer for long term investment in the land
    • Owner can sell/give away put / whole land                (4x ½ = 2mks)
  1.  
    • Reduce impact of rain drops to control splash erosion
    • Reduce speed of surface run-off hence its erosive power
    • Wind break to reduce wind erosion
    • Roots bind soil particles together reducing the soils erodibility
    • Organic matters from leaves decay improves soil structure reducing soils erodibility
    • Leaves provide mulching materials that intercept rain drops controlling splash erosion. (Any 4x ½ = 2mks)
  1.  
    • Mode of feeding
    • Type of crop/clop attacked
    • Stage of growth of crop attacked
    • Scientific classification
    • Mode of feeding
  1.  
    • Date of delivery
    • Quality and type of goods delivered
    • Delivery method
    • Name/ signature of recipient of goods
    • Name and signature of the person who delivers the goods
    • Condition in which the goods were  received
    • Delivery note serial number
  1.  
    • Environmental friendly/ no pollution
    • It is sustainable/ conserves soil
    • It is easy to carry out
    • The produce fetch higher prices in the market
    • Materials used are easily available/cheap
    • Produce healthy products.
  1.  
    • Destroy organic matter/humus
    • Destroys soil structure
    • Kills useful soil organisms
    • Exposes nutrients imbalance/loss of volatile nutrients
    • Accumulation of some nutrients to toxic levels
    • Destroys soil water/loss of soil moisture
  1.  
    • Durability
    • Strength /ability to withstand pressure/thickness
    • Diameter/size of the pipe
    • Workability /monoeuvability of the pipe
    • Colour of the pipe                                           (4x ½ = 2mks)
  1.  
    • Allows time for organic matter to decompose and form humus
    • Facilitates timely for weeds to die/be dehydrated
    • Allows weathering of soil clods before subsequent operations
    • Minimizes competition for labour
    • Allows pests and diseases causing organisms to starve and die
    • Allows soil aeration/gaseous exchange
    • Allows water infiltration                                 (3x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
  1.  
    • Pests
    • Decomposers
    • Pathogens
    • Nitrogen fixing bacteria
    • Pollination
    • Predictors                                (4x ½ = 2mks)
  1.  
    • Field management practices can be mechanized
    • Easy to establish plant population
    • Lower seed rate than broad casting
    • Facilitates cultural practices/easy to carry out practices like spraying (accept specific practices
    • Ensure proper spacing
    • Ensure uniform germination of seeds.
  1. To make the seed to germinate                 (1x1 = 1mk)
  2.  
    • Allow adequate light penetration into the plant
    • Improve quality of the fruits
    • Reduce incidence of pests and disease attack
    • Enable effective use of chemical spray/chemical penetration into the bush
    • Facilitate easy harvesting                    (4x ½ = 2mks)
  1.  
    • Is the point in a production process where the highest net revenue/return on invested capital is realized
      or
    • When the difference between total revenue and total cost is highest/ where profit is highest/ where MR = MC.                 (1x1=1mk)     (mark as a whole)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

  1.  
    1.  
      Partial Budget

      Debit     (-)

      Credit        (+)     ½

      Extra costs

      Cost saved

      Fertilizers for potatoes

      Ksh 6,000x3 = Ksh 18,000   ½

      Potato seeds

      Ksh 3,000x3 = Ksh 9,000    ½

      Extra Revenue

      Maize sales = Ksh 90,000  ½

      Fertilizer for maize

      Ksh 4,000 x3 =ksh 12,000    ½

      Maize seeds

      Ksh 1,200 x 3 = Ksh 3.600    ½

      Extra Potatoes

      Potato Sales = Ksh 120,000    ½

      TOTAL    117,000

      TOTAL   135,600    ½

      Both totals correct ½ x1 = ½ mk
      Debit (-)  and credit (+) = ½ x1 = ½ mk
    2. Advice:- proposed change is worthwhile because the farmer will get a profit e.g. Ksh 18,600 (135,600 – 117,000)
  1.  
    1. Tissue culture               (1x1 =1mk)
    2. Culture medium/growth medium/nutrients medium                     (1x1 =1mk)
    3.  
      • Mass production of planting materials
      • Production of healthy planting materials
      • Requires less space compared to conventional methods of vegetable propagation
      • Production of high yielding crop varieties
      • Seedlings retain the desirable genetic traits of mother plant
      • Production of early maturing crop varieties.               (Any 3x1 = 3mks)
  1.  
    1.  
      • A1 -  root stock
      • A2   - Scion   (2x1 =2mks)   
    2.  
      • A3 - Grafting
      • B - (Trench) layering     (2x1 =2mks)
    3.  
      • Mangoes
      • Oranges
      • Avocadoes       (1x1 =1mk)
  1.  
    1. To compare porosity /drainage and infiltration/ water holding capacity of different soils.                (1x1 = 1mk)
    2.  
      • A – Sandy soil)
      • B – Loamy soil            (2x1=2mks)
    3. Improve soil structure of soil sample C
      • Adding organic matter/manure
      • Liming
      • Sub soiling
      • Draining away excess water               (2x 1 =2mks)

SECTION   C (40 MARKS)

  1.  
    1. Activities that may encourage soil erosion
      • Over cultivation of land to fine hith /over pulverization
      • Continuous cropping without giving the land a rest
      • Burning of vegetation
      • Farming on step land/ploughing along the slope
      • Deforestation
      • Ploughing along river banks
      • Cultivating when the soil is very dry and wet
      • Over grazing/over stocking
      • Over flooding/ application of large amount of water at a high rate  (Any 8x1=8mks)
    2.  
      1. How ill health (HIV & AIDS) limits agriculture production
        • Shortage of labour
        • Lack of motivation to invest in agriculture
        • Increased cost of living leading to low investment in agriculture
        • Government and NGOs are spending a lot of time and resources controlling the disease instead of investing in agriculture.
        • Low food supply and poverty leads to increases crimes.             (4x1 =4mks)
      2. How Government policy improves agriculture
        • Impose laws to regulate production and sale of agricultural produce to ensure sustainability.
        • Providing subsides on agricultural inputs and market agricultural products
        • Construction of bulky handling and storage facilities for agricultural products.
        • Funding/carry out research into new and improved agricultural productin technologies
        • Facilitates conservation of soil and water
        • Ensures control of parasites/diseases/weed is done effectively
        • Provision of extension services.                      Any (4x4 =4mks)
      3. Low level of education and technology
        • Improper timing of routine practices
        • Lack of agricultural skills
        • Inappropriate decision making eg disease observations
        • Delayed adoption of new and improved production technologies
        • Lack of knowledge to apply correct type and amount
        • Inability to collect market information.                (Any  4x1=4mks)
  1.  
    1. Quality of hay.
      • State of growth at harvesting time
      • Species of the forage crop used
      • Duration of storage
      • Soil fertility where the crop was grown
      • Weather conditions during dry
      • Length of drying period
      • Pests/disease attack on the crop
      • Method of storage.                             (4x1 = 4mks)
    2. Roles of a farm manager
      • Short term planning-quick decisions to avoid losses when there is an urgent activity
      • Long term planning -  studies  and makes decisions on future plans and operations on the farm
      • Information gathering – collects  information relevant to the farm  enterprises
      • Budgeting -  estimates future income and expenditure as proposed in the farm plan
      • Companying  standards of the farm/enterprises with the set standards and making appropriate adjustment
      • Detect weaknesses and constraints and find ways of overcoming them
      • Keeps up to date records and uses them in daily running of the farm.
      • Implements farm decisions
      • Guides and supervises implementation of the farm plan
      • Compares performance of the farm with those of similar farms.
      • Makes predictions of the farm business
      • Is the accounting officer on all financial transactions of the farm
      • Takes responsibilities for decisions made
      • Bearing risks                                                   (Any 10x1 = 10 mks)
    3.  
      • Leaves are picked selectively for the highest quality
      • Pluck top 2 leaves and the bud for fine plucking/3 leaves and bud for coarse plucking
      • Use a plucking at 5-7 days interval in rains/ 10-14 day in dry /cold period
      • Put plucked leaves in woven baskets to facilitate air circulation/prevent fermentation
      • Do not compress the leaves in this baskets to prevent heating up/blowing
      • Put plucked tea in cool and shaded plane
      • Deliver to the factory on the same day (Any 6x1 = 6mks)
  2.  
    1.  
      • Crop rotation- breaks life cycle of pasturages.
      • Rogueing/ destroying infected crops- prevents further spread.
      • Close season-breaks life cycle of patrogens/ disease vectors.
      • Early planting/ timely planting – Enable crop to establish faster before attack.
      • Pruning - crates unfavorable micro-climate for some pathogens to survive.
      • Proper spacing - minimizes disease spread in some crops.
      • Planting disease free / clean planting materials/ certified seeds prevents introduction   of pathogens into field.
      • Use of resistant varieties – they have natural disease resistant ability.
      • Proper plant nutrition – prevents deficiency diseases/ enables establishment of vigorously growing crops that resist disease attack.
      • Proper seed bed preparation – exposes pathogens to unfavorable conditions/sun heat that kill them.
      • Heat treatment of planting materials – kill pathogens.
      • Proper drying of cereals – prevents of aflatoxins attack.
    2.  
      • Self savings.
      • Credit facilitates/loan.
      • Grants/donations.
      • Inheritance.                           (4x1 = 4mks)
    3.  
      1.  
        • Prevents rotting of grains.
        • Prevents attack by strong pests/ weevils.
        • Prevents germination/sprouting of grains.                (Any 2x1 = 2mks)
      2.  
        • Clean the store thoroughly / properly to remove elirt/ previous crop residues that may harbor pests.
        • Repair/ replace broken parts to avoid loss of grains.
        • Dust with appropriate chemicals to control storage pests.
        • Clear vegetation around the store to keep off vermin/rats.       (4x 1 =4mks)

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