HISTORY PAPER 2 - KCSE 2019 MASENO MOCK EXAMINATION (WITH MARKING SCHEME)

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BUSINESS STUDIES PAPER 1 - KCSE 2019 MASENO MOCK EXAMINATION

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.

This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.

Section A (25 Marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.

Identify two social activities considered by anthropologist in the study of man. (2 marks)
Give meaning of the term ‘’Evolution of man’’. (1 mark)
State one theory of origin about knowledge of iron working in Africa. (1 mark)
Name two participants of Trans – Saharan trade. (2 marks)
What was the main cause of Agrarian Revolution in Europe? (1 mark)
How was silent trade (dumb barter) carried out? (1 mark)
State two shortcomings of sea transport. (2 marks)
Give two uses of coal. (2 marks)
Give one reason why the Buganda Agreement of 1900 was signed. (1 mark)
State two problems which faced the League of Nations. (2 marks)
Identify two political factors which led to the outbreak of the Second World War. (2 marks)
Name of permanent member of the Security Council. (1 mark)
State one merit of the federal government of the United States of America. (1 mark)
Identify two benefits of international relations. (2 marks)
State two categories of members of the executive in the United States of America. (2 marks)
Identify two ways United Nations provides humanitarian assistance. (2marks)

Section B (45 Marks)
Answer any three questions from this section.

1. State three theories which have been put forward to explain the origin of man. (3 marks)
2. Describe six characteristics of Paleolithic period. (12 marks)
1. State three features of macadam roads. (3 marks)
2. Explain six economic impacts of Triangular trade on the western African community. (12 marks)
1. Outline five factors which led to the rise of Buganda Empire. (5 marks)
2. Describe the social organization of the Asante kingdom in West Africa. (10 marks)
1. State three areas in Africa which were considered strategic and acquiring them become a priority to European governments. (3 marks)
2. Explain six roles played by traders in the colonization of Africa in the 19^th (12 marks)

Section C (30 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section.

1. State five objectives of Pan – African Movement. (5 marks)
2. Explain five challenges which face ECOWAS. (10 marks)
1. State five political reforms introduced in DRC under Mobutu Sese Seko’s reign. (5 marks)
2. Describe differences between AU and OAU. (10 marks)
1. State three sources of the British Constitution. (3 marks)
2. Explain six functions of the Indian president. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Identify two social activities considered by anthropologist in the study of man. (2 marks)
- Music
- Dance
- Religious beliefs and practices
- Language
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

Give meaning of the term ‘’Evolution of man’’. (1 mark)
Transforming from simple life slowly over millions of years through environmental adaptation.
1 x 1 = 1 mark

State one theory of origin about knowledge of iron working in Africa. (1 mark)
- It spread to North Africa from Middle East / Diffusion / one area theory.
- It developed independently in different parts of Africa / independent theory.
  1x 1 = 1 mark

Name two participants of Trans – Saharan trade. (2 marks)
- Tuaregs
- Barbers
- Arabs
- Western Sudan rulers
- Western Sudan people
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

What was the main cause of Agrarian Revolution in Europe? (1 mark)
Increased scientific knowledge and better technology which could be applied to agriculture.
1 x 1 = 1 mark

How was silent trade (dumb barter) carried out? (1 mark)
Involved putting goods side by side at designated points/ sites without talking. The purchaser arrives at the point, examines the goods and when satisfied, they took away the goods.
1 x 1 = 1 mark

State two shortcomings of sea transport. (2 marks)
- Too slow for transportation of goods urgently required.
- Harbours are expensive to build and maintain.
- Port congestion – due to inadequate loading and off – loading facilities/ delayance.
- Ships are expensive to build and maintain.
- Sea transport affected by adverse weather.
- Restricted to coastline areas.
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

Give two uses of coal. (2 marks)
- To heat water.
- Provide light.
- Used as raw material.
- For domestic fuel – heating / open fire places.
- Used in the smelting of iron and steel e.g. metallurgical coal.
- Used in thermal generations to produce thermal electricity.
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

Give one reason why the Buganda Agreement of 1900 was signed. (1 mark)
- Define position of Buganda in the country.
- To reduce the cost of British administration / since Buganda was to meet the cost of administration.
- Define the relationship between Buganda and the British government.
  1 x 1 = 1 mark

State two problems which faced the League of Nations. (2 marks)
- Lack of military strength to implement its objectives.
- No support from major powers e.g. USA, Italy, Germany and Japan.
- Lack of adequate funds.
- Unable to settle disputes between member states.
- Rearmament policy/ some countries/ members states decided to satisfy their military pursuits.
- League had a faulty foundation – German was punished heavily and therefore German and her allies could not be expected to honour the treaty.
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

Identify two political factors which led to the outbreak of the Second World War. (2 marks)
- Weakness of the League of Nations.
- Rise of nationalism in German and Italy.
- German determination to revenge against penalties imposed during the Versailles Treaty.
- Failure of France and Britain to rein on German militarization / policy of appeasement.
- Arms race / production of weapons by countries enhancing their attacks / defence system.
- Emergence and rise of dictators in Europe.
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

Name of permanent member of the Security Council. (1 mark)
- USA
- China
- France
- Russia
- Britain
  1 x 1 = 1 mark

State one merit of the federal government of the United States of America. (1 mark)
- Helps different states to live together harmoniously.
- Makes federal states economically viable in terms of accessing market
- Can fight against a common problem e.g. terrorism.
- States benefit from the pool of resources.
- Eases trade by use of common currency / and elimination of customs.
  1 x 1 = 1 mark

Identify two benefits of international relations. (2 marks)
- Promote economic growth through trade.
- Countries assist one another especially in terms of financial and technical assistance.
- Enhance peace and security in the world in general.
- Countries are able to solve or get collective solutions to world problems.
- Promote cultural exchange.
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

State two categories of members of the executive in the United States of America. (2 marks)
- The president.
- Vice – president.
- Civil service.
  2 x 1 = 2 marks

Identify two ways United Nations provides humanitarian assistance. (2marks)
- Assist refugee/ displaced persons with clothes in order to preserve human dignity.
- Resettles displaced persons by negotiating their resettlement in safe areas.
- Provides relief food in drought stricken areas in order to avert loss of lives.
- Provision of medical supplies to the victims of war/ other calamities so as to restore human health.
- Build houses / materials for construction.
- Provides education to vulnerable group in order to promote literacy.
- Assist in evacuating people affected by floods to safer grounds to avert suffering.
- Protect refugees by ensuring their respect/ observance of basic human rights.

Section B (45 Marks)
Answer any three questions from this section.

1. State three theories which have been put forward to explain the origin of man. (3 marks)
  - Creation or Biblical theory.
  - Mythical or traditional theory.
  - Scientific theory/ evolution.
    3 x 1 = 3 marks
2. Describe six characteristics of Paleolithic period. (12 marks)
  - Tools and weapons e.g. scrappers, chisel picks etc. which were refined for specific functions.
  - Food – man got his food through hunting and gathering man ate cooked food.
  - Clothes – man began to wear animal skins, waist belts.
  - Invention of fire – for cooking and warming up himself and other uses.
  - Shelter- man continued sleeping in rock / caves shelters.
  - Rock art – man printed pictures of animal he hunted on wall caves. This was among other reasons to pastime and observation of the life of animals which he eventually domesticated.
  - Language – improved his language/ used gestures/ clicks/ grants.
  - Most of the able bodied men taken away destroying local industries and economic activities.
    6 x 2 = 12 marks

1. State three features of macadam roads. (3 marks)
  - They are straight.
  - All weather roads.
  - Are durable.
  - Drain water off with ease.
  - Provides good motoring surface.
  - Are wide.
    3 x 1 = 3 marks
2. Explain six economic impacts of Triangular trade on the western African community. (12 marks)
  - Contributed to the emergence of towns – e.g. Lagos, Dakar etc.
  - Contributed to the decline of Trans – Saharan trade as their attention was concentrated to the coastal areas.
  - Decline of economic development – labour depleted as most able bodies people were taken.
  - Much destruction of property e.g. houses etc. during the slave raids.
  - Decline of traditional industries – as many manufactured goods were introduced in the West Africa.
  - Most of the able bodied men taken away destructing local industries and economic activities.
    6 x 2 = 12 marks

1. Outline five factors which led to the rise of Buganda Empire. (5 marks)
  - Centralized system of administration – led to effective control of the empire/ enhanced loyality to the ruler/ unity.
  - Able and strong / competent rulers e.g. Kabaka Mutesa I.
  - Strong army / for defence of the kingdom.
  - Decline and weakness of the neighbouring kingdoms e.g. Bunyoro – Kitara.
  - Long distance trade – enabled the kingdom to attain wealth for maintenance.
  - Fertility of the soil and good climate promoted agriculture for growing of bananas the staple food.
  - Iron fields provided raw materials for manufacture of superior iron weapons.
    5 x 1 = 5 marks
2. Describe the social organization of the Asante kingdom in West Africa. (10 marks)
  - The Asante lived in clans who formed the state.
  - The golden stool – introduced by Osei Tutu was a symbol of unity / united all states.
  - The Asante people had a national festival called Odwira – time to honour dead / symbol of loyalty/ symbol of unity.
  - The Asante people were polytheistic/ worshipped many gods and goddesses.
  - Asantehene played both political and religious roles/ presided over religious ceremonies.
  - Worshipped their gods through ancestors/ acted as intermediaries between gods and the people.
  - Believed in life after death.
  - In the 19^th century they embraced Islam / many were converted/ Islamic culture.
    5 x 2 = 10 marks

1. State three areas in Africa which were considered strategic and acquiring them become a priority to European governments. (3 marks)
  - south Africa because of its location i.e. the sea route to East indies/ in terms of trade/ transport on high seas/ military south Africa goods base for worship/ it was easy to control both the Indian and Atlantic ocean.
  - Egypt after construction of Suez Canal – which was an engineering feat worth admiring and was link between middle east, east indies and Europe/ facilitation of trade between the two regions.
  - All coastal areas of Africa were strategic because acted as a gate – way into the interior of Africa/ also provided place where ships could stop and rest. Repair / refreshment / military base.
    3 x 1 = 3 marks
2. Explain six roles played by traders in the colonization of Africa in the 19^th (12 marks)
  - They signed treaties between them and the rulers – over 200 treaties were signed.
  - They set up colonial administration at a time their countries were not ready to do so.
  - Provided cheap administrative capital which mother governments could not raise.
  - Used force to pacify rebellious communities and later they were given charters by their home government to rule over African people.
  - Did the initial spade – work for the colonization process to continue / through provision of funds.
  - Initiated effective occupation at a time mother countries were unwilling.
  - Trade appealed for help in difficult conditions and later asked their mother countries to take over areas they were operating in.
  - Invested heavily hence made colonization inevitable.
    6 x 2 = 12 marks

Section C (30 Marks)
Answer any two questions from this section.

1. State five objectives of Pan – African Movement. (5 marks)
  - To unite people of Africa origin against European colonization.
  - To appeal to missions and humanitarians to protect against colonial aggression and exploitation as well as land alienation.
  - Find ways of establishing better relations between the Europeans and African on the one hand and among Africans on the other.
  - To up hold the values of African civilization among the leaders and people.
  - Provide forum through which black peoples from all over the world could voice their protests against European oppression.
  - Secure the independence of the African people.
  - Stop slavery.
    5 x 1 = 5 marks
2. Explain five challenges which face ECOWAS. (10 marks)
  - Nationalism among members’ countries has made member states giving priority to their own domestic interests.
  - Border closures between Ghana AND Togo as well as between French and English speaking countries.
  - Member states of ECOWAS are also members’ states of other regional organization this has created divided loyalty and commitment.
  - There is also the problem of different currencies. This creates problems of rate of exchange therefore trade is hindered.
  - There is division between the Francophone and Anglophone states in terms of administrative approach.
  - Poor infrastructure e.g. roads, railways and underdeveloped communication links between French and English speaking countries.
  - The linguistic barrier has caused problems for the efficient operation of the organization.
  - Ideological differences between leaders of members states leading to suspicion and mistrust.
  - Political stability in member states of military groups in Nigeria and Ghana. Problems in Sierra leone, Liberia, Liberia, Ivory coast etc. – all these hamper co- operation.
  - Economic hard ship in the region and therefore member states have not been resettling their dues as required.
    5 x 2 = 10 marks

1. State five political reforms introduced in DRC under Mobutu Sese Seko’s reign. (5 marks)
  - Suspended the constitution and stripped parliament of its powers.
  - He centralized powers abolishing federal system and local assemblies and because the head of state.
  - Formed one party dictatorship by banning all parties.
  - Civil servants were appointed by the main government.
  - Changed the name of Congo to Zaire to differentiate it from Congo Brazzaville.
  - Reduced administrative regions to 8.
    5 x 1 = 5 marks
2. Describe differences between AU and OAU. (10 marks)
  - OAU – was an association of African states under heads of state and government executives while Au is Union of African people and ensures their participation in the union.
  - AU has mechanisms of accountability on issues of security, statability development and cooperation through the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) unlike OAU.
  - AU has an ambitious development agenda known as the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD).
  - AU has proposed a peace and Security Council with powers to enforce the law understanding African military and an African Count of Justice (ACJ).
  - OAU had a policy of non – interference principle by not allowing for intervention affairs of member states with conflicts.
    5 x 2 = 10 marks

1. State three sources of the British Constitution. (3 marks)
  - Legal publication by reputable authorities like scholars, lawyers, statesmen and political thinkers.
  - Acts of parliament, e.g. the parliamentary Act of 1911, Magna Calta.
  - Hansard which is the official Verbatim reports of parliament.
  - Conventions and practices.
  - Decisions made by the British law courts.
    3 x 1 = 3 marks
2. Explain six functions of the Indian president. (12 marks)
  - Head of state.
  - Commander in chief of the armed forces.
  - He has power to declare an emergency in the state and rule by decree.
  - Has power to assent or Veto a bill.
  - Can dissolve the parliament.
  - Appoints state governments and Supreme Court judges.
  - Appoint prime ministers.
  - The president act as a symbol of unity.
  - Offers prizes/ awards to people with great talents.
    6 x 2 = 12 marks.