History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Sunrise 2 Evaluation Mock Exams 2022

1. This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
2. Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
3. Answers to all the questions must be written legibly in the answer booklet provided.OR EXAMINERS USE ONLY.

QUESTIONS

1. Give two economic reasons for the migration of the Luo from their cradleland into   Kenya  (2 marks)
2. Give two roles of council of elders among the Agikuyu in the pre-colonial period (2 marks)
3. What important event did the Eunoto ceremony mark among the Maasai? (1mark)
4. Identify two documentary sources of information on the early visitors to the East African  Coast(2 marks)
5. Give one way in which the use of national language promotes national unity in Kenya  (1 mark)
6. Name the method used to resolve the 2007 post-election violence in Kenya    (1 mark)
7. Give two values of a good Kenyan citizen   (2 marks)
8. State two constitutional changes introduced in Kenya by the first constitutional  amendment in 1964 (2 marks)
9. Identify the treaty that partitioned East Africa in 1886   (1 mark)
10. ive one political reason for the construction of the Kenya Uganda Railway     (1mark)
11. Give two problems faced by the independent churches and schools during the colonial period in Kenya (2 marks)
12. Name the Governor who declared a State of Emergency in Kenya in 1952 (1 mark)
13. State one function of the Director of Public Prosecutions in Kenya (1 mark)
14. State one recommendation of the Presidential Working Party on the Second University (1982) which was chaired by Professor Mackay (1mark)
15. Give two sources of Nyayoism as a national philosophy in Kenya   (2 marks)
16. Give the main function of Kenya Defence Forces.  (1 mark)
17. State the two types of cases the Judiciary deals with in Kenya. (2marks)

18.                          
    1. State three social reasons for the migration of the plain Nilotes (3marks)
    2. Explain the political organization of the Nandi during the pre-colonial period (12marks)
19.                  
    1. State the reasons for the success of Portuguese conquest along the East Coast of Africa (5marks)
    2. Explain the effects of the long distance trade (10marks)
20.                  
    1. State five factors that led to the growth of Nairobi as a modern urban centre (5marks)
    2. Describe the features of the independence constitution (10marks)
21.                  
    1. Identify the reasons for the Maasai collaboration in the pre-colonial period (5marks)
    2. Explain five reasons why armed resistance failed in Kenya during the colonial period (10marks)

22.                          
    1. Give three cases that may lead to the revocation of one’s citizenship (3marks)
    2. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen  (12marks)
23.                    
    1. State three organs of the National Security in Kenya (3marks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing correctional services in Kenya. (12marks)
24.                      
    1. State five duties of a county governor.  (5marks)
    2. Explain five challenges facing county government. 10marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Give two economic reasons for the migration of the Luo from their cradleland into Kenya (2 marks)
   • Being nomadic pastoralists they were looking for pasture and water for their animals
   • They were looking for food due to drought in their cradleland
   • They were searching for better fishing grounds (2 xl = 2 marks)
2. Give two roles of council of elders among the Agikuyu in the pre-colonial period (2 marks)
   • Resolving land and inheritance disputes
   • Presiding over some religious ceremonies
   • Resolving criminal cases (2 x 1= 2mks)
3. What important event did the Eunoto ceremony mark among the Maasai? (1mk)
   • Graduation of the Morans into junior elders. (1 x 1 = 1mk)
4. Identify two documentary sources of information on the early visitors to the east African Coast (2 marks)
   • Periplus of the Erythrean Sea
   • Ptolemy’s Geography
   • Documents by Arab merchants
   • Graeco – Roman Documentary
   • The Christian Topography (Any 2 x1 = 2 marks)
5. Give one way in which the use of national language promotes national unity in Kenya. (1 mark)
   • It makes it possible for people of different communities to communicate with each other. (1 x 1 = 1 mark)
6. Name the method used to resolve the 2007 post-election violence in Kenya. (1 mark)
   • Mediation where former UN Secretary Kofi Annan acted as mediator. (1x1= 1mk)
7. Give two values of a good Kenyan citizen. (2 marks)
   • Promotion of nationalism and unity of all Kenyans
   • Promotion of patriotism by seeking to contribute to the development and the well-being of Kenya
   • Embracing rationally accepted work ethics such as hard work and accountability
   • Enhancing thrift through wise and prudent use of resources for the good of every one
   • Upholding commendable moral values by being honest and respecting human life/being decent
   • Being a person of integrity by doing what is lawful at all times (Any 2 x1 = 2 marks)
8. State two constitutional changes introduced in Kenya by the first constitutional amendment in 1964 (2 marks)
   • Queen of England was no longer the head of state in Kenya
   • Kenya became a Republic
   • Creation of the post of an executive president
   • The Governor-General position was abolished.
   • Post of vice president was set up (Any 2x1= 2 marks)
9. Name the treaty that partitioned East Africa in 1886 (1 mark)
   • First Anglo-German Treaty (1x1= 1mk)
10. Give one political reason for the construction of the Kenya Uganda Railway. (1mk)
    • To facilitate movement of government troops and administrators (1x1= 1mk)
11. Give two problems faced by the independent churches and schools during the colonial period in Kenya (2 marks)
    • Harassment from the colonial government and the missionaries
    • Lack of trained personnel’s to run these institutions e.g. ordained clergymen and teachers
    • Shortage of funds
    • Leadership squabbles among the African / founders.
    • Competed for followers
    • Lack of coordination (Any 2 x 1=2mks)
12. Name the Governor who declared the State of Emergency in Kenya in 1952 (1 mark)
    • Evelyn Baring (1 x 1= 1mk)
13. State one function of the Director of Public Prosecutions in Kenya (1 mark).
    • Commences criminal proceedings against any person accused of committing a crime in any court except Court Martial
    • Takes over any criminal case commenced by any other person or institutions
    • Discontinues any criminal case at any stage but before judgment is given by the court
    • Delegates power to prosecute to state counsels
    • Coordinates the work of state counsels (Any 1 x 1=1mks)
14. State one recommendation of the Presidential Working Party on the Second University (1982) which was chaired by Professor Mackay (1mk)
    • Recommended the 8.4.4 system of education
    • Vocational subjects to be given more emphasis in the curriculum (1 x 1= 1mk)
15. Give two sources of the Nyayo Philosophy as a national philosophy in Kenya (2mks)
    • The Bible/Christian teachings.
    • Moi’s long political career.
    • Sessional paper No. 10 of 1965 (Any 2x1=2mks)
16. Give the Main function of defence forces in Kenya. (1 mark)
    • Defend the country from external aggression / attack. (1x 1 1mk)
17. Identify two types of cases the Judiciary deals with in Kenya. (2marks)
    • Criminal cases.
    • Civil cases (2x1 =2marks).
18.                        
    1. Three social reasons for the migration of plain Nilotes (3mks)
       • Spirit of adventure
       • Internal conflicts
       • Human and livestock diseases and epidemics
       • Population pressure
    2. Political organization of the Nandi during the pre-colonial period (12mks)
       • Lived in autonomous territorial units (Bororiet)
       • They had a council of elders (KOK)
       • Duties of council of elders included ; maintain law & order, settled disputes
       • Leadership was based on age-grades
       • The Orkoiyot is respected as the central authority and unifying factor
       • He advised the council of elders
       • Young men joined junior warriors after circumcision and they defended the community from external attacks.
19.                
    1. Reasons for the success of Portuguese conquest along the East African Coast (5mks)
       • Disunity of the Coastal city states
       • Had superior weapons
       • Reinforcement from Goa in India
       • Better naval power
       • Lack of resistance from some towns
       • Portuguese made alliance with some local rulers
       • Weakness of Rival navies eg Turkish & Persia
    2. Effects of long-distance trade (10mks)
       • Increased contacts among the people of the interior through trading activities
       • Introduction of New items eg cloth & glasses
       • Opening up of the interior which exposed it to the foreigners leading to colonization
       • Spread of Islam into the interior
       • Introduction of New crops eg maize, rice
       • Define of indigenous industries as foreign goods were introduced and slave trade in the International trade
       • Emergence of powerful chiefs and kingdoms through acquisition of firearms and wealth.
20.                  
    1. Factors for the growth of Nairobi (5mks)
       • Cool temperatures
       • Plenty of water
       • Trading activities
       • Colonial headquarters
       • Suitable landscape
       • Rich Hinterland
       • Construction of the Uganda -Railway
    2. Features of theindendence constitution (10mks)
       • Bicameral legislature
       • Federalism –country divided into seven regions
       • Executive – provided executive powers on Governor general acting on behalf of the queen
       • Bill of rights – detailed to include fundamental rights of an individual
       • Judiciary – was independent and impartial
       • Citizenship – All indigenous Kenyans were entitled to Kenyan citizenship as well as Europeans and Asians
       • Electoral commission – was impartial and Independent
       • Multi-party democracy was provided
21.                  
    1. Reasons for the Maasai collaboration (5mks)
       • Nandi power had weakened them
       • Civil wars between Kwavi&Purko
       • Natural calamities eg small pox & drought
       • Famine
       • Kedong massacre which killed many
       • British efficiency on report of the Massacre which made Lenana happy
    2. Reasons why the armed resistance failed in Kenya (10mks)
       • Kenyan societies were organized in small autonomous groups making it hard to fight the enemy
       • Disunity of communities who kept fighting one another.
       • Inferior weapons while British had sophisticated weapons like guns
       • African warriors were not well trained
       • Epidermics and natural calamities reduced the population
       • Poor leadership
       • The death of their leaders demoralized them
       • Some Africans collaborated with British against fellow Africans
22.                
    1. Give three cases that may lead to the revocation of one’s citizenship (3mks)
       • If in case of war the citizen assists the enemy state
       • If citizenship is obtained through fraudulent means
       • If within five years of registration one is imprisoned for three or four years.
       • If a person is convicted of treason
       • If the nationality and parentage of child becomes known
       • If the age of a child becomes known and reveals that the child was older than eight years when found in Kenya
    2. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen (12mks)
       • Respect and follow the law, avoiding all vices and criminal activities.
       • Safeguard and protect the law of the land by not encouraging law-breaking or harbouring criminals
       • Have valid documents and testimonials
       • Take part in public elections by voting or being a candidate
       • Protect the environment and natural resources of the land.
       • Take part in public debates on issues of common interest
       • Actively participate in nation-building programmes.
23.          
    1. State three organs of the National Security in Kenya (3mks)
       • The Kenya Defence Forces
       • The National Intelligence Service
       • The National Police Service
    2. Explain six challenges facing correctional services in Kenya. (12mks)
       • Congestion in prisons due to high crime rate.
       • High incidents of disease outbreak.
       • Shortage of funds to maintain the convicts.
       • Inadequate counsellors to rehabilitate the convicts.
       • Inadequate trainers to impart vocational skills
       • Poor working and living conditions of warders
       • Corruption leading to smuggling of illegal goods into prisons
24.                  
    1. State five duties of a county governor.(5mks)
       • Head the county government
       • Appoints members of the county executive committee following the approval of the county assembly
       • Act as link between the national and the county government
       • Implements the policies of the National and County governments in the county.
       • Is a member of the county assembly and the county Executive committee?
    2. Explain five challenges facing county government.(10mks)
       • High population growth in some counties which puts much strain on the available resources
       • Inadequate transport and communication network in some counties which impedes delivery of services.
       • Some of the counties have inadequate resources hence little revenue to provide services.
       • Interference in their work by the national government
       • Inadequate personnel to run key sectors within the county.
       • Rivalry and wrangling among leaders in the county has slowed down implementation of the policies and programmes.
       • Embezzlement and misuse of devolved funds by corrupt county officials which denies the government revenue.
       • Delay in the remittance of funds to the county government by the national government slows down implementation of programmes.