Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Cekenas Mock Exams 2022

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QUESTIONS

SECTION A

1. Define mining (2marks)
2. Give three ways in which minerals occur (3marks)
1. Apart from tropical hardwood forests name two other types of natural forests (2marks)
2. State three characteristics of tropical hardwood forests that make it difficult to exploit (3marks)
1. Name two breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya (2marks)
2. State three human factors that favour dairy farming in Denmark (3marks)
1. Differentiate between fishing and fishery (2marks)
2. State measures used by the Kenya government to conserve marine fisheries (3marks)
1. State three physical factors which influence the location of settlements (3marks)
2. Identify two functional zones of an ideal urban Centre (2marks)

SECTION B: ANSWER QUESTION 6 AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS

The table below shows tonnage of trade items in Kenya from various parts of the world in 2005 and 2006. Use it to answer question (a) and (b)

Place of origin	Tonnage per year
Place of origin	2005	2006
Europe	942000	985000
Africa	120000	154000
Asia	97000	128000
North America	94000	103000
Australia and New Zealand	19000	24000
All other countries	29000	41000
TOTAL	1,301,000	1,435,000

1. Which continent had the highest increase in tonnage of trade items in Kenya between 2005 and 2006 (2marks)
2. Calculate the percentage increase in trade tonnage from Australia and New Zealand between 2005 and 2006 (2marks)
3. Draw a divided rectangle 15cm long to represent the tonnage of trade items in Kenya in 2006 (8marks)
1. State two advantages of using divided, rectangles to represent geographical data (2marks)
2. State four reasons why in 2005 and 2006 there was higher tonnage for trade items from Europe compared to that from Africa continent (3marks)
Explain four ways through which the Kenyan government is promoting external trade (8marks)

1. 1. State three physical conditions that favour sugarcane farming in Kenya (3marks)
  2. Apart from Bungoma name two counties where sugarcane is grown on large scale (2marks)
2. 1. Describe the cultivation of sugarcane in Kenya (6marks)
  2. Explain four problems facing sugarcane farming in Kenya (8marks)
3. 1. Give three by-products from sugarcane (3marks)
  2. Give three uses of sugar (3marks)
1. 1. State two farming methods that assists in soil rehabilitation (2marks)
  2. Give two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya (2marks)
2. 1. Name two rivers that supply water to Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme (2marks)
  2. Give the method of irrigation used in Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme (1mark)
3. Explain how the following factors influenced the establishment of Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme
  - Soil (2marks)
  - Government policy (2marks)
4. 1. Describe the process of land reclamation in Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme (4marks)
  2. State four characteristics of three the polders of Netherlands (4marks)
5. Your class intend to carry out a field study on irrigation farming in Mwea Tebere irrigation scheme
  1. Name two crops that you are likely to identify in the scheme (2marks)
  2. State two reasons for the need of sampling the area of study (2marks)
  3. Give two the after study activities you are likely to engage in (2marks)
1. 1. What is industrialization? (2marks)
  2. Name a town in Kenya where each one of the following industries is located
    oil refining (1mark)
    Paper manufacturing (1mark)
    Motor vehicle assembly (1mark)
    Textile industry (1mark)
2. 1. Give five reasons why the development of Jua kali industry is encouraged in Kenya (5marks)
  2. Explain four factors that led to the development of iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany (8marks)
3. Explain three causes of the decline in the textile industry in Kenya (6marks)
1. 1. Give three reasons why road transport is better developed than air transport is East Africa (3marks)
  2. Name two international airports in Kenya (2marks)
2. Explain four factors that have hindered the development of river transport in Africa (8marks)
3. The diagram below shows the great lakes -St Lawrence seaway. Use it to answer question C, i) ii) and (iii)
  
  Name
  1. the port marked N and P (2mark)
  2. the lake marked L (1marks)
  3. the waterfall marked M (1 mark)
4. Explain four benefits of the Great lakes -St. Lawrence’s seaway to the economies of Canada and USA(8marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from the earth’s crust
2. beds and seams
  As weathering products
  As alluvial deposits
  Veins and lodes
1. Coniferous forest
  Temperature hardwood
  Mangrove forest
  Mixed forests
  Mountain forest
2. Trees occur in mixed stand
  Trees have lianias/buttress roots
  Trees are usually heavy
  Trees have huge trunks
  Trees takes long to mature
  Trees grows close to each other / thick forests
1. Frieshian / Holstein
  Jersey
  Guernsey
  Ayrshire
  Alderney
  Swiss brown
2. Availability of markets
  Availability of extension services
  Well-developed transport/communication network
  Plenty of fodder
  Advanced technology / skills
  Well-developed co-operative movement/ availability of capital
1. Fishing refers to catching aquatic resources while a fishery is a water body from which aquatic resources are got
2. Restocking overfished areas
  Licensing fishermen to reduce their number
  Enacting laws against water pollution
  Standardizing size of net
  Banning fishing in certain seasons/ part of the sea
  Enforcing international agreements
1. Water supply
  Availability of land
  Gently sloping land
  Absence of pests/ diseases
  Fertile soils
  Suitability of climate
  Good drainage
2. Central business district(CBD)
  Transitional zone
  Industrial zone
  Residential zone
  Sub-urban zone
1. 1. Europe
  2. 2006 = 24000
    2002 = 1900
    Difference = 5000
    = 5000 x 100%
    1900
    = 26.3% or 26⁶/₁₉%
    Or 26%
  3. Europe = 985000 x 15 cm = 10.30cm
    1435000
    African = 154000   x 15cm =1.6cm
    1435000
    Asia = 128000 x 15cm =1.34cm
    1435000
    North America = 103000  x 15cm =1.10cm
    1435000
    Australia and New zea land 24000   x 15cm =0.25cm
    1435000
    All other countries = 41000   x 15cm = 0.43cm
    1435000
2. 1. Divided rectangles are easy to interpret
    They can be used to represent a wide range of data
    Easy to draw
    They give a clear visual impression
    They allow for comparison
  2. Low level of technology Africa limits production of proceed goods
    Different political ideologies among member countries in African restrict trade
    Insufficient transport facilities between Kenya and other different countries in Africa limits volume of trade
    Political instability / civil war in some part of Africa limit trade
    Trade in Kenya still follow pattern i.e. Kenya was colonized by Britain (Europe) hence established trade / political pattern
    Ignorance of what is produced in member countries of Africa.
    Most of the countries in Africa produce similar goods to that of Kenya hence low volume of trade
3. Signing international trade agreements with other countries like in COMESA to increase volume of export
  Establishing the export processing zones (EPZ ) to produce more goods for export
  Reducing import duty on raw materials to attract more industrial for products export
  Encourages foreign investors to establish industries to increase export of goods
  Introduced export compensation scheme on raw materials for producing export goods
  Participating in trade fairs and international exhibitions to display export items so as to have a wider market
  Improving transport and communication for easy flow of raw materials to the industries /commodities to the market
  Looking for new markets especially in the far East to expand export market
  Licensing investors willing to engage in export trade
  Encouraging industries/ farmers to produce quality goods for export
1. 1. High temperature (20-27º C)
    Gently sloping land/undulating land
    High rainfall (1200-1500mm) well distributed throughout the year
    Sunny condition for sugar concentration
    Deep well drained day/black cotton soils
  2. Kakamega
    Kisumu
    Siaya
    Busia
    Migori
    Kwale
2. 1. Land is cleared of vegetation and ploughed
    Harrowing is done to loosen the large lumps of soils
    Shallow furrows are dug 1.2 – 1.8m apart cutting are planted in the furrows
    Top dressing fertilizers are applied
    Weeding is done regularly/ herbicides are applied
    After 18month the cane is ready for harvesting
    The cane is cut using pangas
    The cut cane is loaded into lorries for transportation to the factory
  2. Pests e.g. termites, white grub/ diseases e.g. ratoon stunting and smut attack the crop and lowers the yields lowering /farmers income.
    Prolonged drought often destroys the crops leading to low yields
    Poor feeder road in some areas leads to delay in delivery of the cane to the factory lowering the quality / profit to the farmers
    High cost of farm inputs reduces the farmers profit margins
    Accidental fire/ fire set by arsonists destroy the cane resulting in heavy loses to the farmers
    Delay in harvesting reduces the quality / tonnage of the cane reducing the farmers earnings
    Flooding of the market by cheap imported sugar causes unfair competition thus lowering demand for locally produced sugar and payment to farmers
    Closures of some factories has deprived farmers of their sources of income
    Mismanagement of industries leads to low and delayed payments discouraging the farmers
    Low / delayed payments demoralizes the farmers
3. 1. Bagasse
    Molasses
    Jaggery
    Filter cake/ mud
    Cane juice
  2. As a sweetener
    It is used in baking/ confectionary
    Used in soft drinks
    Used to make sweets/ ice cream
    Is used in production of drugs
1. 1. Soil terracing
    Ploughing along the contour
    Controlling / Regulating grazing
    Planting cover crops
    Mixed cropping
    Crop rotation
    Adding manure/fertilizers
    Mulching
    Agroforestry
  2. Constructing drainage pipes
    Digging open ditches / canals
    Pumping out the water
2. 1. Thika
    Nyamindi
    Murubara
  2. Basin / flood
3. Soil (2mks)
  Presence of black cotton soil which is suitable for cultivation of rice/ retains water for along time
  Government policy (2mks)
  There was need to keep political detainees busy this made the colonial government to set up the scheme where there was large detention camp
4. 1. Canals are constructed to direct water from rivers Thiba/Nyamindi/Murubara
    The land is divided in rectangular portions surrounded by ridges/ bunds
    Water is directed into canals then into the paddy fields
    The plots is are ploughed/rotavated
    The plants remained are buried in the mud to facilitate their decomposition
    Leveling of the fields is done ready for planting
  2. The soils are highly desalinated
    They are protected by the dykes against gales/sea encroachments
    They are surrounded by ring canals to facilitate drainage
    They are divided into specific land use activities/rectangular portions
    The land is intensively utilized
    Horticulture is the predominant agricultural activity
    The largely lie below sea level
    They are large in size/area/ a crease
    They are gently sloping
5. 1. Rice
    Beans
    Maize
    Tomatoes
    Vegetables
  2. To reduce the cost of study
    To minimize biasness during the study
    To save time during the study
    Enables detailed study
  3. Displaying the photographs taken during the field study
    Writing a report about the study
    Discussing the findings in groups
    Reading further on the topic of study
    Analyzing the data collected
    Presenting the findings
1. 1. Is the process and pace a country sets to establish industries
  2. Oil refining - Mombasa
    Paper manufacturing - Webuye
    Motor vehicle assembly - Nairobi, Mombasa,Thika
    Textile industry - Thika, Nairobi,Mombasa,Eldoret,Kisumu,Nakuru, kitui
2. 1. Mainly produces for local market thus saving foreign exchange
    It produces relatively cheap products that are affordable to many improving living standards
    It facilitates decentralization of industries thus curbing rural-urban migration
    It uses locally available/scrap metals/ recycled raw materials thus reducing cost of imports/conservers environment
    Has promoted development of technical skills/innovations useful in other sectors of the economy
    It creates employment raising living standards
    It requires less capital to establish
  2. Presences of navigable rivers e.g. Rhine/canals which provide cheap transport for bulky raw materials and finished products
    Availability of raw materials iron ore /limestone/coal from the rhine valley for use in the industries
    Presences of coal in rhine valley / imported petroleum which provided power
    Availability of water from River Rhine//Lippe for various industries uses
    The dense and affluent population in Germany/ Europe provided a large and ready large market for iron and steel
    Highly skilled labour from within the region to work in industries
    Availability of capital from rich families/merchants for stabilizing industries
3. Large scale importation of second hand clothes has reduced demand for locally produced textile/ second hand clothes are cheaper than locally produced new textile
  These has been declined in the production of cotton which has led to limited supply of raw materials for the textile industry
  Liberalization of the economy has encouraged business people to import textile from other countries instead of selling locally provided ones
  Mismanagement of textile factories has led to closure of some industries
  Belief that imported garments are superior to locally produced once has reduced demand for local garments
  Decline in the economy has discouraged investors who would set up textile industries in Kenya
1. 1. Most vehicles are cheaper to buy and maintain than air crafts
    Roads transport is more flexible than air transport
    Construction of roads is cheaper than that of airports
    Fare / freight charges on roads are lower than that of air transport
    Motor vehicles require less skills to operate than aircraft
  2. Jomo Kenyatta international airport / Nairobi
    Isiolo international airport
    Kisumu international airport
    Eldoret international airport
    Moi international airport /Mombasa
2. Many river passes through different climatic regions causing fluctuations in river water
  Presences of rapids/waterfalls which hinders navigation
  \Many rivers are short or shallow making it difficult for movement of water vessels
  Presence of floating vegetation/sudd hinders navigation
  Silting at river mouths hinder port development
  Many rivers pass across political boundaries which hinder river transport development
  Low levels of technology hinder process of developing rivers transport
3. 1. N – Quebec
    P - Chicago
  2. Superior
  3. M- Niagara
4. Dams/reservoirs found along the route provide HEP for domestic/ industrial use
  The sea way /Niagara fall attract tourists who bring in foreign exchange used to develop other sector of the economy
  Has created employment opportunities in the transport sector of the economy raising the standard of living of the people in the area
  Provide cheap means of transport for both imports and export thus encouraging trade
  It has led to the growth of towns/ ports which have become focal points for economic activities
  There has been extensive industrial development in the area / growth of Pittsburg industrial conurbation due to accessibility to the raw materials
  The countries earn revenue from tariffs charged on ships which is used to develop other sectors of the economy