History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Wahundura Boys Mock Examination 2023

INSTRUCTIONS

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A, three questions in section B and two questions in section

QUESTIONS

SECTION A(25MKS)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. Define the term pre-history. (1mk)
2. Identify two sub-groups among the Ameru. (2mks)
3. Identify two natural factors that caused the Abagusii to migrate from mount Elgon region to their present homeland. (2mks)
4.  What was the main role of the Kallu among the Cushite during the pre-colonial period. (1mk)
5. Name two early visitors to the East Africa coast up to 1500AD. (2mks)
6. .Mention one contribution made by Ludwig Krapf in the spread of Christianity. (1mk)
7. State two ways through which citizenship by birth is attained. (2mks)
8. Identify one cause of conflicts in Kenya. (1mk)
9. .State two advantages of written constitution. (2mks)
10. Identify two ways in which the results of collaboration of the Maasai with the British were similar to that of Wanga. (2mks)
11.  State two grievances raised by the Asians that were addressed by the Devonshire white paper of 1923. (2mks)
12. State one main outcome of second Lancaster conference of 1962. (1mk)
13. Mention one role of Daniel Arap Moi in the struggle for independence. (1mk)
14. What is the main function of parliament in Kenya. (1mk)
15.  State two features of African socialism in Kenya (2mks)
16. .State one way in which poor leadership affects sporting activities in Kenya. (1mk)
17. State one way in which the government of Kenya ensures effective utilization of public funds. (1mk)

SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.

18.  
    1. State any three Luo groups which migrated into Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Luo in the 19th century. (12mks)
19.  
    1. Give three factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and the outside world by the 16th century. (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule over the Kenyan coast in the 19th century. (12mks)
20.  
    1. Identify three leaders of the East Africa association. (3mks)
    2. Explain six grievances of Africans which were advanced by the East Africa association. (12mks)
21.  
    1. State three challenges that hinder government efforts to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Describe six factors that have influenced industrialization in Kenya since independence. (12mks)

SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section.

22.  
    1. State three reasons why elections are regularly held in Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Describe the process of law-making in Kenya. (12mks)
23.  
    1. State three objectives of devolved government. (3mks)
    2.  Explain six functions of the county government. (12mks)
24.  
    1. Outline the composition of the judicial service commission. (3mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing the judiciary in Kenya. (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A(25MKS)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. Define the term pre-history.
   • It is the study of the past human activities before the invention of writing/study of unrecorded past human activities. 1x1=1mk
2. Identify two sub-groups among the Ameru.
   • Igembe
   • chuka
   • Tigania
   • Mwimbi
   • Tharaka
   • Imenti any2x1=2mks
3. Identify two natural factors that caused the Abagusii to migrate from mount Elgon region to their present homeland.
   • Due to famine.
   • Due to disease.
   • Due to drought.
     Any 2x1=2mks
4. What was the main role of the Kallu among the cushites during the pre-colonial period.
   • To solve inter-clan conflicts. 1x1=1mk
5. Name two early visitors to the East Africa coast up to 1500AD.
   • Greeks *Chinese *Phoenicians
   • Romans *Persians *Arabs 2x2=2mks
6. Mention one contribution made by Ludwig Krapf in the spread of Christianity.
   • He converted people to Christianity.
   • He built a church at Rabai. 1x1=1mk
7. State two ways through which citizenship by birth is attained.
   • if the mother /father is a Kenyan citizen at time of birth.
   • A child found in Kenya who is gauged to be less than eight year of age and whose nationality and parents are not known.
   • A former Kenyan citizen by birth who applies to regain citizenship. Any 2x1=2mks
8. .Identify one cause of conflicts in Kenya.
   •  Unequal allocation of economic resources.
   • Disputes over natural resources e.g. Water, land and pastures.
   • Differences between employees and employers.
   • Differences over trading policies. Any 1x1=1mk
9. State two advantages of written constitution.
   • It is readily available for reference.
   • It is not easily tampered with as the process for its amendment is clearly spelt out.
   • It addresses issues clearly and categorically. Any 2x1=2mks
10. .Identify two ways in which the results of collaboration of the Maasai with the British were similar to that of Wanga.
    • The British recognized their leaders.
    • Both communities were lost their independence later.
    • The people of both communities were hired as mercenaries.
    • Both communities got material gains. Any 2x1=2mks
11. State two grievances raised by the Asians that were addressed by the Devonshire white paper of 1923.
    • They demanded a greater share in the colonial government affairs.
    • Equal rights with the whites.
    • Inclusion in the Kenyan highlands.
    • Ban on their restrictions on immigration.
    • An end to racial segregation and political injustices. Any 2x1=2mks
12. State the main reason why the second Lancaster conference was held in1962.
    • To come up with a constitution for independent Kenya. Any1x1=1mk
13. .Mention one role of Daniel Arap Moi in the struggle for independence.
    • He was a member of the legCo representing the Rift valley.
    • He helped to form politicial party independence.
    • He participated in the Lancaster house conference.
    • He joined others African elected members and formed the AEMO.
      Any 1x1=1mk
14. What is the main function of parliament in Kenya.
    • To make and amend laws. Any 1x1=1mk
15. State two features of African socialism in Kenya.
    • Political democracy.
    • Mutual social responsibility.
    • Various forms of ownership.
    • Progressive taxation.
    • Diffusion of ownership. Any2x1=2mks
16. State one way in which poor leadership affects sporting activities in Kenya.
    • Constant wrangling in leadership leads to negligence of duty.
    • Mismanagement of funds.
    • Demoralisation of sportsmen and women.
    • Discrimination of teams. Any 1x1 =1mk
17. State one way in which the government of Kenya ensures effective utilization of public funds.
    • It budgets for funds.
    • It undertakes regular audits.
    • It investigates corrupt officers.
    • It procures goods through open tendering.
    • It approves public funds. 1x1=1mk

SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.

18.  
    1. State any three Luo groups which migrated into Kenya.
       • Joka –jok. *joka-omolo
       • joka-owiny *Luo-abasuba. Any 1x3mks
    2. Describe the political organization of the Luo in the 19th century.
       • The Luo were a decentralized community as they did not have an overall leader.
       • The family was the lowest unit and its head was the father who was referred to as jaduong.
       • Several related families formed a clan.
       • A council of elders existed in the clan which was responsible for settling interfamily disputes called doho.
       • Clans were grouped together to form Ogando headed by a chief elder (Routh/Gweng).
       • There existed a class of warriors(Thuondi) headed by a war leader (Osumba mrwayi) and its main responsibility was to defend the community.
       • Religious leaders e.g diviners, medicine men, healers, rainmakers influenced their politics.
       • There existed a council of elders (Buch piny) which comprised of representatives from each clan and mainly settled inter-clan disputes. 6x2=12mks
19.  
    1. Give three factors which contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and outside world by the 16th century.
       • The availability of trade items.
       • The demand for trade goods.
       • The existence of enterprising merchants.
       • The accessibility of the coast by sea.
       • there was political stability.
       • the existence of natural harbours
       • occurrence of monsoon winds. Any 3x1= 3mks
    2. Explain six factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule over the Kenyan coast in the 19th century.
       • The decline of the Indian ocean trade denied them revenue.
       • Portuguese officials were corrupt and pocketed funds which would be used to manage the empire.
       • Constant rebellions against the Portuguese weakened their control.
       • The Portuguese faced stiff competition from the British and Dutch which reduced their profits.
       • The Portuguese had inadequate personnel to effectively manage the extensive coast.
       • Portugal lacked enough capital to pay administrators at the coast and this demoralized them.
       • The Portuguese at the coast were attacked by Wazimba and tis reduced their population.
       • Portugal was forcefully united with Spain and this reduced their autonomy. Any 2x6=12mks
20.  
    1. Identify three leaders of the East Africa association.
       • Harry Thuku *Abdallah Tairara.
       • Jesse kariuki. *James njoroge.
       • Job muchuchu. Any 3x1=3mks
    2. Explain six grievances of Africans which were advanced by the East Africa association.
       • They demanded the return of their alienated land.
       • They demanded for the abolition of the kipande system.
       • They demanded abolishment of hut tax.
       • They demanded for the abolition of forced labour.
       • They demanded for more education for Africans.
       • They demanded for the revocation of colonial status.
       • They demanded that elections to the legislative council be on common roll.
       • They demanded for better working and living conditions. 6x2=12mks
21.  
    1. State three challenges that hinder government efforts to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya.
       • Traditional/cultural beliefs in some communities discourage people from schooling.
       • Lack of enough schools/ inadequate educational facilities has made education inaccessible in some areas.
       • High poverty levels in the society has made education unaffordable.
       • Misconceptions that one can succeed without education.
       • Nomadic way of life in some communities has hampered provision of education.
       • Negative attitude towards adults education programs has resulted in low enrolment.
       • Insecurity in some regions. Any 1x3=3mks
    2. Describe six factors that have influenced industrialization in Kenya since independence.
       • The availability of modern sources of energy has enabled the establishment of more industries which process different products.
       • Availability of both the skilled /unskilled labour from large population provides the work-force needed in industries.
       • Good transport and communication have created a viable environment for industrial development.
       • The agriculturally rich country provides raw materials required in the processing of various products.
       • The existence of minerals resources has given rise to industries which process them inti finished products.
       • The existence of both natural and man-made forests has promoted the development for furniture industries in many parts of the country.
       • Government initiatives through creation of trade, commerce and industry.
       • Availability of water resources rich in fish has given rise to fish processing industries in the country. Any 2x6=12mks

SECTION C (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section.

22.  
    1. State three reasons why elections are regularly held in Kenya.
       • It is a constitutional requirement.
       • To give Kenyans a chance to exercise their democratic rights.
       • To give Kenyans a chance to choose leaders they can trust.
       • To keep leaders on their toes as they can be voted out.
       • It brings in new blood and ideas in parliament. Any 3x1=3mks
    2. Describe the process of law-making in Kenya.
       • Draft stage-the Attorney General has the duty to draft the details of the proposed legislation.
       • First reading-bill is presented to the parliament and no debate takes place.
       • Second reading- bill debated upon, amendments can be made on it, can be rejected or its discussions postponed.
       • committee stage-bill is studied by a committee and re-written to include any suggestions made during second reading.
       • Report stage- reporting of the amended bill to the whole house.
       • Third reading- further debate is allowed and new amendments to the bills could be made/voting takes place.
       • Presidential assent-the president signs the bill to become an act of parliament.
       • It is then published in the Kenya gazette for public knowledge and awareness.
23.  
    1. State three objectives of devolved government.
       • To promote democratic and accountable exercise of power.
       • To give powers of self- governance to the people and enhance the participation of the people in exercise of powers of the state and in making decisions affecting them.
       • To foster national unity by recognizing diversity.
       • To protect the rights and interests of minorities and marginalized groups. Any 1x3=3mks
    2. Explain six functions of the county governments in Kenya.
       • Development of agriculture in areas of crop production and animal husbandry.eg through plant and animal disease control, provision of livestock sale yards.
       • Development of fisheries through regulation of fishing and fishing activities and promotion of fish farming.
       • provision of health services through construction of county health facilitieseg.pharmacies ,provision of ambulance services etc.
       • Promotion of public health through provision of refuse removal ,refuse dumps and solid waste.
       • Environmental management through control of air, water and noise pollution and other nuisances and outdoor advertising.
       • Provision of recreational facilities such as; sports stadia ,county parks, beaches ,hall. Libraries and museums.
       • provision and management of pre-primary education, vocational education. Polytechnics.
       • Regulation and development of trading activities through provision of trade licences, markets and trade fairs. Any 2x6=12mks
24.  
    1. Outline the composition of the judicial service commission.
       • The chief justice.
       • One supreme court judge.
       • One court of appeal judge.
       • One high court judge.
       • One magistrate.
       • The Attorney General.
       • Two advocate –one a woman and one man.
       • One person nominated by the public service commission.
       • One woman and one man to represent the public.
       • The chief registrar of the judiciary is the secretary. Any 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain six challenges facing the judiciary in Kenya.
       • Inadequate personnel, leading to delays in the administration of justice and a backlog of cases.
       • External interference in the judicial process by other influential personalities.
       • Corruption in the court of law which results into unfair rulings.
       • Low level of public awareness on their rights and legal procedures.
       • High court fees which limit public access to the courts.
       • Poor terms of service and working conditions of some members of the judiciary makes them to administer justice.
       • Shortage of equipment and facilities e.g. computers and office space hinder the efficient administration of justice. Any 2x6=12mks