Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Cekana Mock Exams 2023

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INSTRUCTIONS

This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in section A and B and any other two questions in section C.
Candidate must answer the questions in English.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A: 30 MARKS
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided

State four features of a good pig house (2marks)
State four features of large white breed of pigs (2marks)
Name three stages of liver fluke which occurs in the fresh water snail (1½marks)
State four reasons for controlling livestock diseases (2marks)
Name four factors which determine the maintenance requirements of an animal (2marks)
Give four ways of stimulating milk let down in a dairy cow (2marks)
Distinguish between the following pair of terms as used in livestock production
1. Ringing and crutching (1mark)
2. Steaming up and flushing (1mark)
Give four reasons for maintaining a wheel barrow in good working condition (2marks)
State four symptoms of Newcastle disease in poultry (2marks)
State four disadvantages of a tractor as a source of power (2marks)
Give four conditions that reduces the quality of eggs for hatching (2marks)
Name three methods that are used in selection of breeding stock in livestock production (1½marks)
State four construction features necessary in a fish pond (2mark)
Give an appropriate terms that refers to each of the following
1. Castrated chicken (½mark)
2. Young one of a rabbit (½mark)
State four methods of dehorning (2marks)
State four disadvantages of in breeding (2marks)

SECTION B: 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided

The diagram below represents farm tools and equipment. Study them and answer the questions that follow
1. Identify the tools and equipment J and K (2marks)
  J……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  K……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. State the uses of tools labelled L, M and N (3marks)
  L…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  M…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  N……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
The diagram below shows a livestock parasite
1. Identify the parasite (1mark)
2. Explain how the parasite can be passed from;
  1. Livestock to human beings (1mark)
  2. Human beings to animals (1mark)
3. State two control measures for the parasite in a zero grazing unit (2marks)
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
1. Identify the parts labelled (2marks)
  B
  D
2. State the function of part labelled A (1mark)
3. State two adaptations of parts labelled C to its function (2marks)
Below is an illustration of an activity carried out by a poultry farmer keeping layers
1. Give one reason for carrying out the practice in poultry layering (1mark)
2. State two faults which can be detected using the method illustrated above (2marks)
3. How can a farmer improve the following in poultry production
  1. Hardness of egg shell (1mark)
  2. Yellowness of egg York (1mark)

SECTION C: 40 MARKS
Answer any TWO questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 23

1. Describe Ten causes of low egg production in layers (10marks)
2. Discuss foot and mouth disease under the following headings:
  1. Causal organism (1mark)
  2. Livestock species attacked (2marks)
  3. Symptoms of attack (4marks)
  4. Control measures (3marks)
1. Outline five advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management (5marks)
2. Explain five factors that a farmer should consider when sitting a bee hive to prevent swarming (5marks)
3. Explain five precautions taken by dairy farmer to ensure clean milk production (10marks)
1. State five characteristics of light breed of poultry (5marks)
2. Describe the operation of a four stroke cycle engine (12marks)
3. State three good hygiene practices in livestock feeding (3marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: 30 MARKS
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided

State four features of a good pig house (2marks)
- Should be leak-proof/rainproof
- Should be well ventilated
- Should be easy to clean
- Should be well lit
- Should be draught free
- Should have adequate space
- Should have good drainage
State four features of large white breed of pigs (2marks)
- A long body
- White with blue body spots
- Broad and slightly dished snout
- Upright ears
Name three stages of liver fluke which occurs in the fresh water snail (1½marks)
- Sporocysts
- Redia
- Cercaria
State four reasons for controlling livestock diseases (2marks)
- Reduce spread of livestock diseases
- Promote fast growth
- Promote early maturity
- Increase their productive life
- Improve quality of products
- Improve quantity of products
- Reduce cost of production
Name four factors which determine the maintenance requirements of an animal (2marks)
- Weather conditions
- Age of the animal
- Level of activity
- Body size of the animal
- Physiological condition
Give four ways of stimulating milk let down in a dairy cow (2marks)
- Washing the udder with warm water
- Allow the calf to suck for a while/ presence of a calf
- Feeding the cow during milking
- Regular milking time
- Sound associated with milking
- Massaging the udder when washing it
Distinguish between the following pair of terms as used in livestock production
1. Ringing and crutching (1mark)
  - Ringing is cutting short wool from around the perite sheath of a ram for easy mating.
    Crutching is cutting of wool from the around the ewe’s external reproductive organ for easy mating
2. Steaming up and flushing (1mark)
  - Steaming up – provision of feeds of high nutritive value to pregnant animals a few weeks before parturition
    Flushing – providing female sheep with extra feed of high nutritive value 3 weeks before and after mating
Give four reasons for maintaining a wheel barrow in good working condition (2marks)
- To reduce cost of replacement
- To improve efficiency
- To prolong life of the wheelbarrow/ for durability
- To prevent injury to the user
- To prevent damage to the wheel barrow
State four symptoms of Newcastle disease in poultry (2marks)
- Difficulties in breathing
- Coughing and sneezing
- Head and neck twisted backwards
- Decreased egg production
- Drooping wings
- Walking in a staggering manner
- Profuse nasal discharge
- High mortality rate
- Dullness
- Loss of appetite
- Greenish diarrhoea
- Eggs laid have soft shells
- Birds stand with eyes closed all the time
- Beaks remain wide open and neck strained
State four disadvantages of a tractor as a source of power (2marks)
- Expensive to buy
- Require skilled personnel
- Their use is limited in certain areas e.g. sloppy areas
- It requires support services
- Expensive to maintain
Give four conditions that reduces the quality of eggs for hatching (2marks)
- Dirt
- Abnormal size – undersize/ lower size
- Broken/ soft shell
- Internal abnormalities / poor candling qualities
- Poor storage/ long storage beyond 10 days
- Abnormal shape
Name three methods that are used in selection of breeding stock in livestock production (1½marks)
- Progeny testing
- Mass selection
- Contemporary comparison
State four construction features necessary in a fish pond (2mark)
- Outlet pipe to drain out water
- Inlet pipe to allow in fresh water
- Spillway to allow overflow of excess water
- Screen to prevent escape of fish or entry of predators in the pond
- Fence to keep off predators
Give an appropriate terms that refers to each of the following
1. Castrated chicken (½mark)
  - Capon
2. Young one of a rabbit (½mark)
  - Kindle/kindling
State four methods of dehorning (2marks)
- Use of caustic potash stick
- Use of dehorning iron
- Use of rubbering and elastrator
- Use of dehorning wire/saw
- Use of dehorning collodion
State four disadvantages of in breeding (2marks)
- Leads to loss of hybrid vigour
- Leads to decline in fertility leading to species extinction
- Bring about decrease in performance
- Leads to high rate of prenatal mortality

SECTION B: 20 MARKS
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided

The diagram below represents farm tools and equipment. Study them and answer the questions that follow
1. Identify the tools and equipment J and K (2marks)
  - J – Marking gauge
  - K – Divider
2. State the uses of tools labelled L, M and N (3marks)
  - L – Cutting and splicing wires
    - tightening and loosens nuts and bolts
  - M – Making threads on metallic pipers
  - N – Placing mortar between construction stones and bricks
The diagram below shows a livestock parasite
1. Identify the parasite (1mark)
  - Beef/ pork tapeworm / taenia spp
2. Explain how the parasite can be passed from;
  1. Livestock to human beings (1mark)
    - Ingestion of bladder worm
    - Ingestion of under cooked/ uncooked infected meat
  2. Human beings to animals (1mark)
    - Ingestion of eggs / proglottids passed in human faeces during grazing / feeding
3. State two control measures for the parasite in a zero grazing unit (2marks)
  - Regular deworming of the animals
  - Observing hygiene to avoid contamination
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
1. Identify the parts labelled (2marks)
  - B Proventriculus/ true stomach
  - D Caeca
2. State the function of part labelled A (1mark)
  - Temporary storage of food
  - Moistening of food
3. State two adaptations of parts labelled C to its function (2marks)
  - Has grit/sand
  - Has tough muscles
Below is an illustration of an activity carried out by a poultry farmer keeping layers
1. Give one reason for carrying out the practice in poultry layering (1mark)
  - To detect the abnormalities inside the egg
2. State two faults which can be detected using the method illustrated above (2marks)
  - Presence of meat spot inside the egg
  - Presence of blood spot inside the egg
  - Double yoked egg
  - Hair cracks
  - Very porous
3. How can a farmer improve the following in poultry production
  1. Hardness of egg shell (1mark)
    - Providing the birds with calcium
  2. Yellowness of egg York (1mark)
    - Providing birds with green vegetables

SECTION C: 40 MARKS
Answer any TWO from this section in the spaces provided after question 23

1. Describe Ten causes of low egg production in layers (10marks)
  - Inadequate feeding
  - Parasite infestation
  - Old age
  - Broodiness
  - Inadequate waterers and feeders
  - Inadequate laying boxes
  - Presence of predators in layers house
  - Sudden noise
  - Sudden change of feeds
  - Sudden change of weathers e.g. to cold conditions
  - Disease infection
2. Discuss foot and mouth disease under the following headings:
  1. Causal organism (1mark)
    - Virus/virus types O,A,C / South African types SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 / Asian type 1
  2. Livestock species attacked (2marks)
    - Cattle
    - Pigs
    - Goats
    - sheep
  3. Symptoms of attack (4marks)
    - Profuse salivation
    - Blisters with a painful ground the mouth and hooves of the feet leading to lameness
    - Drop in milk production in lactating cows
    - Sharp rise in temperature / high fever
    - Emaciation
    - Complete loss of appetite
    - Diarrhoea
  4. Control measures (3marks)
    - Imposing quarantine
    - Vaccination every 6 months
    - Slaughter and destruction of carcass
    - Burn/burry dead animals
1. Outline five advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management (5marks)
  - There is economical use of semen
  - Controls transmission of breeding diseases
  - Sires that are unable to serve cows due to heavy weight can produce semen to serve cows
  - Prevents large bulls from injuring small cows
  - Reduces the expenses of keeping a male animal in the farm
  - Small scale farmers who cannot afford to buy a superior bull can have the cows served at a low cost
  - Semen can be stored for a long time even in the death of the bull
  - Helps to control in breeding
  - Makes research work easier
2. Explain five factors that a farmer should consider when sitting a bee hive to prevent swarming (5marks)
  - Availability of water – should be available within 3km radius to facilitate collection by bees
  - Availability of flowers – should be readily available to facilitate collection of pollen and nectar by bees
  - Shelter – should be protected from strong sun and wind
  - Noise and other disturbances – should be free from noise and other disturbances
  - Pest and disease – the place should be free from pests and diseases
  - Dampness and bad odour – site should be free from dampness and bad odour
3. Explain five precautions taken by dairy farmer to ensure clean milk production (10marks)
  - Maintain healthy milking herd to prevent transmission of the disease agents to milk and milk man
  - Clean milking cows to prevent contamination of milk with dirt
  - Maintain clean milking equipment to prevent contamination of milk
  - Ensure milk is filtered to remove soil impurities
  - Ensure milk is cooled properly to give it a long shelf life
  - Strong flavoured food should be fed to cows after milking
1. State five characteristics of light breed of poultry (5marks)
  - Mainly kept for egg laying
  - Have low quality meat
  - Cheaper to feed because of small size
  - Efficient converters of food to egg
  - Mature early but slow growth rate
  - Are usually nervous
2. Describe the operation of a four stroke cycle engine (12marks)
  Induction stroke
  - The piston moves down the cylinder
  - Inlet valves open and exhausts valves closed
  - Fresh fuel air mixture enter in to cylinder
    Compression stroke
  - The piston moves up the cylinder
  - Both inlet and exhausted valves closed
  - Fresh fuel –air mixture is compresses into cylinder/ combustion chamber
    Power stroke
  - Spark is produced at spark plug
  - This causes fuel – air mixture to ignite and expand resulting in pressure that forces piston down the cylinder
  - Both inlet and exhaust valve closes
    Exhaust stroke
  - The piston moves upwards
  - Exhaust valve opens, inlet valves remains closed
  - Exhaust gases escapes through the open exhaust valve
3. State three good hygiene practices in livestock feeding (3marks)
  - Feeding animal with clean feed
  - Watering animal with clean water
  - Using clean feeders and waterers
  - Disinfecting the feeders and waterers