Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Bunamfan Post Mock 2021 Exams

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

Answer all the questions in section A and B.
Answer any two questions in section C.

For Examiner’s Use Only

SECTION	QUESTIONS	MAXIMUM SCORE	CANDIDATES SCORE
A	1-18	30
B	19-22	20
C		20 20
	TOTAL	90

QUESTIONS

SECTION A : 30 MARKS
Answer all questions in this section

Name four tools that are used when laying concrete blocks during construction of a wall. (2 marks)
Why is it necessary to have guard rails in a farrowing pen? (1 mark)
Give two reasons for having a footbath in a cattle dip. (1 mark)
Distinguish between crutching and ringing in sheep management. (2 marks)
State four signs that indicate that a doe is about to kindle. (2 marks)
Name two developmental stages of a liverfluke (Fasciola sp.) which occur in the fresh water snail (Limnaea sp). (1 mark)
State four uses of a spring tine harrow. (2 marks)
State four signs of mite attack in poultry. (2 marks)
State three advantages of natural feeding in calf rearing. (11/2 marks)
Give three ways in which infectious diseases can spread from one livestock to another within a farm. (1½ marks)
State four reasons for castration in pig production. (2 marks)
State four characteristics of roughage livestock feeds. (2 marks)
State two functions of the crop in poultry digestive system. (1 mark)
State four roles of worker bees in a colony. (2 marks)
Give four reasons for controlling livestock diseases. (2 marks)
State three ways of caponisation in poultry. (11/2 marks)
State four advantages of using animals instead of tractors as a source of power on the farm. (2 marks)
Name one livestock disease that is transmitted by each of the following parasites:
1. blue ticks; (1/2 marks)
2. Brown ear ticks; (1/2 marks)
3. tsetse flies. (1/2 marks)

SECTION B: 20 MARKS

The illustration below shows a practice carried out to prevent mastitis infection in a dairy cow.
1. Identify the practice. (1 marks)
2. At what stage is the practice carried out? (1 marks)
3. State two other practices that are carried out on the udder to prevent mastitis infection. (2 marks)
4. Name the equipment labelled X in the diagram. (1mark)
A dairy farmer is required to prepare 200 kg of dairy meal containing 20% Digestible Crude Protein (D.C.P.). Using the Pearson's Square Method, calculate the quantity of soya bean (40% D.C.P.) and rice (16% D.C.P.) the farmer requires for the dairy meal. (5 marks)
The following diagram shows a disc plough. Use it to answer the following questions.
1. Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D. (2 marks)
  A ................................................................
  B ................................................................
  C ................................................................
  D ................................................................
2. Give one function of each of the parts labelled A and D. (2 marks)
3. Identify the implement. (1 mark)
The following illustrations show the behavior of chicks in a brooder. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Explain the cause of behavior observed in chicks for each of the illustrations labeled A, B and D. (3 marks)
2. Give a reason for making the brooder wall round in shape. (1 mark)
3. State two requirements of a good brooder. (2 marks)

SECTION C : 40 MARKS

1. Explain the factors considered when culling livestock. (5 marks)
2. Describe poultry management under the following sub-headings:
  1. Causes of stress; (8 marks)
  2. Control measures for cannibalism. (7 marks)
1. State the function of any six parts of a zero grazing unit (6 marks)
2. Describe Nagana disease under the following sub-headings.
  1. Cause. (1 mark)
  2. Symptoms of attack. (4 marks)
  3. Control measures of the disease. (4 marks)
3. Explain five ways in which ticks can be controlled in a livestock farm. (5 marks)
1. Describe ten physical characteristics a poultry farmer would use to identify poor layers from a flock of hens. (10 marks)
2. 1. Outline three characteristics of clean milk. (3 marks)
  2. Explain seven factors that affect milk composition in dairy farming. (7 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Tools used when laying concrete blocks during construction of a wall.
- Plumb bob/plumb line
- Mason’s trowel
- Spirit level/pipe level
- Wood float/steel float
- Masons square
- String/masons line/line (4 x 1/2 = 2 marks)
Importance of guard rails in a farrowing pen.
- Prevents sow from crushing piglets .
- Prevents sow from eating creep feeds. (1 x 1 = 1 mark)
Reasons for having foot bath in a cattle dip.
- Clean the feet of animals
- Control foot rot Rej. Control of diseases (2 x 1/2 = 1 mark)
Crutching and ringing
- Crutching is the cutting of wool around the external reproductive organs of a female sheep to facilitate mating
- Ringing is the cutting of wool around the sheath of the penis in rams to facilitate mating.
  (Mark as a whole 1 mark)
Signs of kindling in a doe.
- Nest building
- Plucking of fur From the body
- Lose of appetite.
- Restlessness. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
Developmental stages of liver flukes in a fresh water snail.
- Sporocyst.
- Cercaria
- Redia. (2 x ½ = 1mark)
Uses of a spring -tine harrow.
- Levelling the seedbed.
- Breaking soil clods.
- Burying trash
- Aerating the soil.
  (4 x ½ =2 marks)
Signs of mite attack in poultry,
- Irritation/scratching of the body.
- Anaemia,
- Presence of mites below the plumage in patches.
- Falling off of feathers.
- Dermatitis due to burrowing effects.
- Formation of crusts. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
Advantages of natural feeding in calf rearing.
- Calf takes milk at body temperature,
- Milk is free from contamination
- it prevents scouring in calves.
- Milk is provided ad libitum. (3 x ½ = 1 ½ marks)
Ways in which infectious diseases can spread
- through vectors
- through ingestion of contaminated food and water/through food and water
- Through contact
- Through inhalation of contaminated air/through air. (3 x 1/2 = 11/2 marks)
Reasons for castration
- Prevent uncontrolled mating.
- Improve the quality of meat
- Promote faster growth/facilitate weigh gain
- Make then docile
- Control breeding diseases
- Control inbreeding (4 x 1/2 = 2 marks)
Characteristics of roughages
- Bulky
- High fibre content
- Low nutrient content
- Low digestibility
  (4 x 1/2 = 2 marks)
Functions of the crop in poultry digestive system.
- Softening/moistening food
- Temporary food storage. (2 x 1/2 = 1 mark)
Roles of worker bees .
- Kills the drones after mating the queen
- Scouting for a new home
- collect nectar/water/gum/propolis/pollen
- Make honey combs
- Protect the colony
- Clean the hive
- Make honey and bees wax
- Seal the cracks and crevices. (4 x 1/2 = 2 marks)
Reasons for controlling livestock diseases.
- Reduces spread of livestock diseases/production of healthy young ones
- Promote fast growth and early maturity - rej to maintain good health in livestock
- Make them have long productive life.
- Improve quality and safety of products
- Improve quantity of products
- Reduce cost of production. (4 x 1/2 = 2 marks)
Caponisation in poultry.
- Surgical /open method.
- Implanting pellets of the female sex hormone beneath the skin of the bird.
- Injecting with stilbestol hormone when whey are one day old.
  (3 x ½ = 1 ½ marks)
Advantages of using animal power.
- Animals are cheap to acquire /maintain.
- Require less skilled labour.
- Can be used on,small holdings.
- Are appropriate in very steep areas.
  (4 x ½= 2 marks)
1. Blue ticks - Anaplasmosis
2. Brown ear ticks - E.C.F,
3. Tsetse flies - Trypanosomiasis (nagana)
  (3x ½ =1 ½ marks)
1. Dry cow therapy. (1mk)
2. At the end of drying off. (1/2 mark)
3. - teat dipping
  - complete milking
  - proper milking technique
  - applying milking jelly after (2x1=2 marks)
4. Hypodemic needle and syringe
Rice - 20/24 x 100 = 83.3 kg
Soya bean - 4/24 x 100 = 16.7 kg
(1 x 5 = 4marks)
1. 1. Furrow wheel /Rear depth wheel / Control wheel /Thrust wheel
  2. Beam
  3. Disc
  4. Disc scrapper
2. A -Controlling ploughing depth
  -Stabilising the plough/controlling side thrust
  D -Asisting in furrow slice inversion.
  -Removing soil from the disc during ploughing
3. Disc plough
1. Causes of chicks’ behaviour in the illustrations A, B and C.
  1. Presence of draught makes the chicks to crowd on one side of the brooder
  2. Cold/inadequate heat makes the chicks to crowd around the heat source.
  3. High/Excess heat makes the chicks to move away from the heat source.
    (3 x 1 = 3 marks)
2. - Reasons for making brooder wall round in shape.
  - To discourage overcrowding of chicks at the corners to avoid suffocation.
    (1 x 1 = 1 mark)
3. Requirements of a good brooder.
  - Should have enough feed and water troughs
  - It should be well aerated.
  - Should be spacious enough
  - It should be easy clean
  - It should be properly drained.
    (4 x ½= 2 marks)
1. Factors considered when culling livestock.
  - Cull livestock of:
  - Poor health;/chronic sickness
  - Old age;
  - Physical deformities;
  - Hereditary defects;
  - Infertility;
  - Poor mothering ability
  - Poor quality products;
  - Low production;
  - Bad temperament.
    (1 X 5 = 5 marks)
2. Description of poultry management under:
  1. Cause of stress.
    - Any sudden change in routine
    - parasite infestations
    - Lack of food and water
    - Strangers and predators in the birds' house.
    - Sudden noise such as passing tractors and thunder.
    - Poor handling of birds during routine practices.
    - Overcrowding which leads, to competition for space.
    - Sudden climatic changes
    - Poor lighting in poultry house.
    - Inadequate laying nests. (1x8 marks )
  2. Control measures for cannibalism
    - Control external parasites.
    - Keep birds busy by hanging green leaves or vegetables in the house.
    - Feed the birds on a balanced diet.
    - Provide adequate floor space.
    - Provide adequate laying nests.
    - Provide dim lights in the brooder.
    - Keep birds as per the age group.
    - Debeak hens which peck others.
    - Cull perpetual cannibals. (7 x 1 = 7 marks)
1. Use of the various parts of a zero grazing unit in dairy farming.
  - Milk recording room - weighing and milking records
  - Milking stall - rearing calf to weaning
  - Calf pen - rearing calf up to weaning
  - Sleeping cubicles - provide shelter and warmth
  - Loofing area - dunging, feeding, exercise and sunning
  - Feed and water troughs - feeding and watering the animals
  - Feed preparation room - preparing feed rations and cropping fodder rej. chaff cutter region
  - Store - storing/keeping dairy equipment/feeds
  - Manure storage areas storing measure.
    Parts is tied to the function
    ( 6 x 1 = 6 marks)
2. Trypanosomiasis Disease under the following sub-headings.
  1. Cause.
    - Protozoa .-Trypanosoma spp
    - Trypanosoma brucei.
    - Trypanosoma evansi.
  2. Animals affected.
    - Cattle.
    - Sheep.
    - Goats
    - Horse.
    - Pigs.
  3. Symptoms of attack.
    - Fever.
    - Loss of appetite/anorexia.
    - General boby weakness.
    - Swolen lymph nodes
    - Lachrimation which leads to blindness.
    - Diarrhoea.
    - Rough coat and sometimes without hair and may be cracked.
    - Swelling in parts of the belly.
    - Drop in milk production.
    - Loss of hair at tail end.
    - Anaemia.
    - Abortion may occour in pregnant females.
  4. Control measures.
    - Treating animals with trypanocidal drugs.
    - Effective vector (tsetsefly ) control .
    - Confinement of wild animals in game parks.
1. Characteristics of a poor layer.
  - Combs and wattles - small/shrivelled/shrunken. dry scaly and place.
  - eyes - dull and pale yellow.
  - Beak - yellowish in colour.
  - Abdomen/breast - hard and full
  - Vent - round, dry and less active
  - Space between keen and pelvic bone - small and fits only one or two fingers
  - Plummage - preened & glossy (smooth) beautiful
  - Moulting - early moulting
  - Shanks/feet - Yellowish in colour
  - Broodiness - Is common/early moulting
  - Temperament - easy and dull
  - poor layer is inactive.
    Mark as a whole (10 x 1 = 10 marks)
2. 1. Characteristics of clean milk
    - Free from disease causing micro-organisms/pathogens
    - Free from hair, dirt or dust./contamination.
    - Free from bad odours and tastes/has good flavours.
    - Chemical composition within expected standards. (3 x 1 = 3 marks)
    - White in colour.
  2. Factors influencing milk composition
    - Age of animal
      - Butter fat in milk becomes less as an animal grows old thus young animals produce milk with higher BF than older animals.
    - Breed differences rej. species of the animal
      - Different breeds of cattle produce milk with differing percentage composition e.g Jersey produce higher BF than Friesian.
    - Type of food eaten by an animal
      - Roughage feeds produce milk with higher fats, lactose and protein compared to grains.
    - Diseases
      - Diseases such as mastitis reduce the lactose composition in milk because bacteria attack milk sugars.
    - Physiological condition of the animal.
      - Sick/extremely emaciated animals register low percentage of BF/during late pregnancy cows produce milk with low BF content.
    - Stage of lactation
      - The BF content in milk is highest at the middle phase of the lactation period and lowers towards end of lactation.
    - Completeness of milking
      - Milk drawn last from udder during contains high BF content/last drop milk has BF content produce in the milk.
    - Season of the year - accept environmental condition
      - BF content increases during cold seasons.
    - Time of milking
      - Milk produced in the morning has a lower BF content than milk produced in the evening
        (1/2 factor ,1/2 mk explanation) (7 x 1 = 7 marks)