History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Sunrise Pre Mock Exams 2023

Instructions to Candidates

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
• Answers to all the questions must be written legibly.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English

SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

1. Give two limitations of using anthropology as a source of information on History and Government. (2 mks)
2. Name any place where the remains of homo sapiens were found in Kenya. (2 mk)
3. Name the dispersal area of the Eastern Bantu. (1 mk)
4. Name the section of the maasai that practiced mixed economy. (1 mk)
5. Give the main factor that enabled the early visitors to come to the Kenyan coast by 1500. (1 mk)
6. Give two ways in which education has promoted national unity in Kenya. (2 mks)
7. Identify two key changes contained in the New 2010 Constitution. (2 mks)
8. Name any two groups that monitor human rights in Kenya. (2 mks)
9. State one method that the British used to administer the Kenyan colony. (1 mk)
10. What was the main contribution of Thomas Joseph Mboya to the history of Kenya? (1 mk)
11. Identify two duties of the British Governor in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 mk)
12. Name one political association formed in Kenya before 1939.  (1 mk)
13. Give two reasons why the Kenya Parliament is regarded as supreme. (2 mks)
14. State one source of Nyayo Philosophy. (1 mk)
15. Identify one way in which the government promotes Kenyan culture. (1 mk)
16. Name one organ of the County Government. (1 mk)
17. Give two challenge facing the health sector in Kenya today.   (2mks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS):

ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

18.  
    1. Outline five reasons for the migration of the Luo form their original homeland.   (5mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the luo during the pre-colonial period. (10mks)
19.  
    1. State three terms of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1886. (3mks)
    2. Explain six problems experienced by the imperial British East Africa company to establish colonial rule in Kenya (12mk)
20.  
    1. Give five factors that undermined the activities of the Kenya African union in the struggle for independence (5mks)
    2. Describe five political roles played by African elected members of parliament during the struggle for independence (10mks)
21.  
    1. State three challenges that hinder government effort to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors which have undermined the provision of the health services by the government of Kenya (12mks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section

22.  
    1. State three ways in which the constitution promotes national unity (3mks)
    2. Explain the importance of National Integration in Kenya  (12mks)
23.  
    1. Give three functions of a constitution. (3mks)
    2. Describe the key stages in the constitution making process in Kenya.  (12Mks)
24.  
    1. Identify three conditions one must fulfill to be declared as a winner in the presidential Election (3mks)
    2. Explain six powers and function of the president in Kenya (12 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Give two limitations of using anthropology as a source of information on History and Government.  (2 marks)
   • It is an expensive method as it involves living among the people.
   • It is a time-consuming method of acquiring information.
   • It is difficult for a researcher to adapt to the environment and when they succeed in adapting, they face the risk of losing their own culture.
   • People under study may try to behave differently when the researcher is around therefore missing important details
2. Name any place where the remains of homo sapiens were found in Kenya.(2mk)
   • Eliye Springs,
   • Kanjera
   • Kanam
3. Name the dispersal area of the Eastern Bantu. (1mk)
   • Shungwaya
4. Name the section of the maasai that practiced mixed economy.(1mark)
   • Kwavi/iloikop
5. Give the main factor that enabled the early visitors to come to the Kenyan coast by 1500.(1mk)
   • Monsoon winds
6. Give two ways in which education has promoted national unity in Kenya.  (2 marks)
   • Through music,drama,sports
   • Through the study of subjects i.e history and c.r.e
   • Establshment of natonal schools
   • Subjecting students to same syllabus and natonal exam
7. Identify two key changes contained in the New 2010 Constitution. (2marks)
   • Reduction of president’s executive powers.
   • Devolution of power to regions (creation of county and national governments.)
   • Creation of the senate and national assembly to constitute parliament.
   • Citizenship through Birth/registration and Dual citizenship.
   • Recognition of the Kadhi’s courts as subordinate courts in the judicial court system.
   • Expansion of the citizens’ Bill of Rights to guarantee equal representation
8. Name any two groups that monitor human rights in Kenya.(2marks)
   • Lawyers and Judges and other professionals including teachers.
   • Religious groups
   • Journalists (The media-print and electronic).
   • The police service
   • Association and special commissions, e.g business associations KNHREC
   • pressure groups
9. State one method that the British used to administer the Kenyan colony.(1mark)
   • Indirect rule
   • Direct rule
10. What was the main contribution of Thomas Joseph Mboya to the history of Kenya? (1mark)       
    • formation of trade union
11. State two duties of the British Governor in Kenya during the colonial period.  (1 mark)
    1. Represented the British government.
    2. Was overall administrator in the colony.
    3. Supervised the provincial administration.
    4. Gave assent to Bills.
    5. Appointed/Nominated members of the Legco/and the Executive Council.   (1x1 = 1 mark)
12. Name one political association formed in Kenya before 1939. (1 mark)
    1. Kikuyu Association.
    2. East African Association.
    3. Kikuyu Central Association.
    4. Kavirondo Tax Payers Welfare Association/Young Kavirondo Association.
    5. Ukamba Members Association.
    6. Coast African Association.
    7. Taita Hissl Associaiton (1x1 = 1 mark)
13. Give two reasons why the Kenya Parliament is regarded as Supreme. (2 marks)
    1. It is the main law making organ.
    2. Can check the executive through impeachment and vote of no confidence/ can also reduce powers of the executive through constitutional amendment.
    3. Bills prepared by Cabinet must be legislated in Parliament.
    4. Approves government revenue and expenditure.
    5. Cabinet secretaries are accountable to Parliament.
    6. Approves presidential appointments.     (2x1 = 2 marks)
14. State one source of the Nyayo Philosophy. (1 mark)
    1. The Biblical teachings of the Ten Commandments.
    2. Sessional Paper No.10 of 1965.
    3. Moi’s long political career.   (1x1 =1 mark)
15. Identify one way in which the government promotes Kenyan culture. (1 mark)
    1. Creation of Ministry of Sports, Culture and Gender.
    2. Sponsoring annual Music and Drama Festivals in schools and colleges.
    3. Establishment of Kenya National Theatre, Bomas of Kenya.
    4. Licensing of Art Galleries.
    5. Incorporation of oral literature in the education curriculum.
    6. Encouraging communities to participate in cultural activities e.g. Bull-fighting.
    7. Sponsoring cultural exchange programmes (1x1 = 1 mark)
16. Name one organ of the County Government. (1 mark)
    1. The County Executive Committee.
    2. The County Assembly.   (1x1 = 1 mark)
17. Give two  challenge facing the health sector in Kenya today. (2 marks)
    • Due to the rising population the government ability to provide medical amenities has been stretched
    • The structural adjustment programmers (SAPs) imposed on developing countries by donor nations like cost sharing has prevented people form going to hospitals
    • The spread of HIV/AIDS and other diseases
    • Some cultural practices e.g. female genital mutilation
    • Poverty and malnutrition render people vulnerable to diseases
    • Illegal abortions and pregnancies endanger lives of mothers
    • High rate of accidents and injuries especially on roads) Give two recommendations by the presidential working party on the second university In 1982
    • Establish the 8-4-4 system of education in Kenya
    • The vocational subjects such as art and craft, music, agriculture, home science to be given emphasis in the curriculum (1x1=2mks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS):

ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION.

18.  
    1. Outline five reasons for the migration of the Luo form their original homeland.    (5mks)
       • Due to Population pressure in their cradle land
       • Internal conflicts/ clan conflicts
       • External attacks from hostile neighbours
       • They migrated to satisfy their spirit of adventure / exploration / curiosity.
       • Natural calamities e.g. floods.
       • Natural epidemics e.g. disease and famine.
       • Desire for greener pasture and water for their livestock.
       • New fishing areas.
    2. Describe the political organization of the luo during the pre-colonial period.  (10mks)
       • The family was the lowest unit and its head was the father who was referred to as Jaduong’.
       • Several related families formed a clan.
       • There were lineage councils (Buch Dhoot) which settled domestic issues.
       • A council of elders existed in the clan which was responsible for settling interfamily disputes called Doho.
       • Clans were grouped together to form Oganda headed by a chief elder (Ruoth/Gweng’).
       • There existed a council of elders (Buch Piny) which comprised of representatives from each clan and mainly settled inter-clan disputes.
       • There was a class of warriors (Thuondi) headed by a war leader (OsumbaMrwayi) and its main responsibility was to defend the community.
       • The Luo was a decentralized community as they did not have an overall leader.
       • Religious leaders eg. diviners, medicine men, healers, rainmakers etc influenced their politics.       
19.  
    1. State three terms of the Anglo-German Agreement of 1886. (3mks)
       • The Sultan of Zanzibar was granted a 16km coastal strip; the offshore islands of Pate, Mafia, Lamu, Pemba and Zanzibar and the towns of Kismayu, Brava, merca and Mogadishu.
       • The coastiline of Witu and the territory between River umba and River Ruvuma were to become German spheres of influence.
       • The British were to acquire the territory between River Umba and River Juba to the north.
       • The western boundary wa not defined and Uganda was up for grabs by whichever  power got there first.
    2. Explain six problems experienced by the imperial British East Africa company to establish colonial rule in Kenya  (12mks)
       • There was scarcity of mineral wealth and profitable export commodities which made it difficult for the company to generate enough wealth to meet the cost of  administration.
       • There was poor transport network which made movement of goods slow/ difficult/ expensive thereby making the enterprise less profitable.
       • There was lack of proper co-ordination between the company headquarters in Britain and the officials in Kenya hence delays/ waste and misunderstandings.
       • The company officials lacked the experience which was necessary for the success of the administration in the protectorate.
       • Some of the company officials were corrupt and therefore concentrated on their personal enrichment at the expense of the enterprise.
       • Resistance from the local communities posed a great challenge to the company as it had to administer and at the same time suppress the communities.
       • There was inadequate capital to carry out its operations thus making the administration of the protectorate ineffective.
       • Unfavourable climatic conditions/ tropical diseases claimed lives of some of the company personnel.
       • Lack of enough personnel.
       • Rivalry from German East Africa affected its operations.
20.  
    1. Give five factors that undermined the activities of the Kenya African union in the struggle for independence      (5mks)
       • Betrayal by some Africans undermined its activities/wrangles between moderates and radicals.
       • Insufficient/inadequate funds hampered its activities.
       • Opposition from the colonial government/settlers.
       • Repressive laws restricted its activities.
       • Arrest/detention of its leaders after the declaration of a state of emergency frustrated its members.
       • Lack of proper communication channels.
       • Banning of the party in 1953
       • Ethnic divisions/fear of dominance by larger communities
       • Lack of political awareness due to illiteracy   
    2. Describe five political roles played by African elected members of parliament during the struggle for independence   (10mks)
       1. They demanded for the release of detained/imprisoned African nationalists.
       2. They networked with other PanAfricanists to hasten the achievement of independence.
       3. They aired/presented African grievances in international fora.
       4. They formed political parties/movements to demand for independence/rights ofAfricans.
       5. They popularized Kenyatta thereby making him acceptable as a national leader.
       6. They took part in the writing of the independence constitution/Lancaster House.
       7. They enlightened/educated other Africans on the need to struggle for independence.
       8. They advocated for an increase in African representation in the LegCo
21.  
    1. State three challenges that hinder government effort to eradicate illiteracy in Kenya                   (3mks)
       • Traditional/cultural beliefs in some communities discourage people from schooling.
       • Lack of enough schools/inadequate educational facilities has made education inaccessible in some regions/shortage of teachers.
       • High poverty levels in the society has made education unaffordable.
       • Misconceptions that one can succeed without education.
       • Nomadic ways of life in some communities has hampered provision of  education.
       • Negative attitude towards adult education programmes has resulted in low enrolment
       • Insecurity in some regions
    2. Explain six factors which have undermined the provision of the health services by the government of Kenya    (12mks)
       • Inadequate funding by the government which has into provision of poor services
       • Corruption in the  health sector has made it difficult for the government to provide equipment /facilities/ medicine required
       • Inadequate hospitals / dispensaries / health centres make it difficult for many people to access health services / high population
       • Poor payment / remuneration of health workers has demoralized them hence making them less productive / brain
       • Frequent / industrial unrest by health workers has resulted into death / suffering of many patients
       • Inadequate facilities / equipments has made it difficult for the public to access quality service
       • Poor supervision of health workers has led to infilitration of the sector by un qualified health providers
       • The spread of HIV/AIDS / terminal diseases like cancer
       • Poverty / cost sharing policy has hindered some people accessing health services 

 SECTION C (30 MRKS)

22.  
    1. Three ways in which the constitution promotes national unity                             (3mrks)
       • Recognizes the right own to property and live anywhere in the county
       • Contains various rights and freedoms of all Kenya Bill of rights
       • Applies equally to all Kenyans (Any 3x1)             
    2. Importance of national integration in Kenya                                                        (12mrks)
       • Enhances national development
       • Promotes development of national unity
       • Promotes peaceful co-existence
       • Gives the county a sense of National direction
       • Reduces fees and pour struggle which can lead to uses.
       • Promotes collective responsibility during time of need eg famine. Any 6 x 2
23.  
    1. Give three functions of a constitution
       • Protects rights and fundamental freedoms of a citizen and define their responsibilities
       • It is the basis upon which the government is established
       • Defines  the relationship between the governor and the governed
       • Spells out the legal framework from which the law the country is made
       • Promote national unity (3x1=3mks
    2. Describe the key stages in the constitution making process in Kenya
       • Debating over contentious issues
       • Collection of public views
       • Civic education
       • Convening of  constitutional conferences
       • Drafting of the constitution
       • Referendum
       • Enacting of the constitution
       • Promulgation of the constitution           (6x2=12mks),NB:  Any six in an order
24.  
    1. Three conditions one must fulfill to be declared as a winner in the presidential election in Kenya (3mrks)
       • 50% plus one vote on top of 25% of votes in 24 countries
       • Simple majority in case of re- run / round two of elections
       • No election petition after elections Any 3x1
    2. Explain six powers and functions of the president in Kenya.
       • As head of state s/he represents the people of Kenya locally and internationally.
       • The president has appointive role: deputy president in addition nominates senior officers such as cabinet secretaries. Attorney General, Director of Public prosecution, the secretary of the cabinet, principal secretaries, high commissioners ambassadors with the approval of the National assembly.
       • The president addresses the opening of each newly elected parliament and also addresses special sittings of the parliament
       • The president chairs cabinet meetings
       • President is the commander-in-chief of the Kenya Defence forces
       • The president may exercise power of mercy with the advice of advisory committee
       • The president may also confer honours to people
       • The president presides over national holidays                                                           Any 6 x 2