Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Sunrise Pre Mock Exams 2023

• This paper consists of 3 sections; Section A, B and C respectively.

SECTION A (30 MARKS
Answer all questions in this section.

1. State four characteristics of exotic dairy breeds. (2mks)
2. Differentiate between the following terms;        (2mks)
   1. Steer and a bullock.
   2. Boar and Sow.
3. Name two tools used for dehorning.    (1mk)
4. Name two hormones that control milk let- down. (1mk)
5. State four signs of farrowing in pigs.    (2mks)
6. Outline four management practices carried out while rearing a heifer. (2mks)
7. State two effects caused by Keds in sheep.  (1mk)
8. Outline four characteristics of an African wild bee.    (2mks)
9. Name the breeding terms used to describe parturition in the following farm animals; (2mks)
   1. Sheep. ………………………………………………………………………………………
   2. Cattle. ……………………………………………………………………………………
   3. Rabbit. ……………………………………………………………………………………
   4. Goat. ……………………………………………………………………………………
10. Name four routes through which the vaccines can be administered.  (2mks)
11. State two abnormalities observed during egg candling.    (1mk)
12. State four advantages of natural incubation.  (2mks)
13. Outline four disease causing micro-organism.    (2mks)
14. State two factors that determine amount of water required by a dairy cow.  (1mk)
15. Name two dual purpose sheep breeds.  (1mk)
16. Name four parts found in a piggery unit.  (2mks)
17. State four advantages of embryo transplant.  (2mks)
18. Name four disorders caused by mineral imbalances in cattle. (2mks)
19. Outline two physiological body functions that indicate illness in livestock.  (1mk) 

SECTION B: (20 MARKS)

20.  
    1. A farmer was advised to prepare 180kg of calf ration containing 20% DCP. Using Pearson’s square method, calculate the amount of maize containing 10% DCP and sunflower  containing 40% DCP the farmer needs to use.  Show your working.
       (4 mks)
    2. State two factors considered when formulating a livestock ration. (2 mks)
21. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Name the type of identification illustrated above. (1 mk)
    2. Give the identification number of the pig illustrated above. (1 mk) 
    3. Using a diagram, illustrate how animal number 83 can be identified using the above method. (2 mks)
    4. What is the use of metal rails in a farrowing pen? (1 mk)
22. The diagrams below show the behaviour of chicks in a brooder in response to heat.
    
    1. Explain the behaviour of chicks in brooder;
       1. E – (1 mk)
       2. F – (1 mk)
       3. G – (1 mk)
    2. Explain why the brooder is rounded. (1 mk)
23. The diagram below shows the structure of the udder of a cow.  Study it then answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Identify parts labeled K and L. (2 mks)
    2. Name two hormones that control milk let-down in a dairy cow. (2 mks) 
    3. Name one disease that attack part labeled L. (1 mk)

SECTION C: (40 MARKS
Answer ONLY TWO questions from this section.

24.  
    1. Describe the physical characteristics of a good dairy cow for breeding. (10 mks)
    2.  
       1. State five functions of water in the body of livestock. (5 mks)
       2. Explain the advantages of a four-stroke cycle engine. (5 mks)
25.  
    1. Explain five factors that affect milk composition in dairy cattle. (5 mks)
    2. Describe five factors that may lead to failure of a cow to conceive after service. (5mks)
    3. Explain the factors that a farmer should consider when selecting materials to construct   a zero-grazing unit. (10 mks
26.  
    1. Describe milk fever under the following sub-headings:
       1. Animal affected. (1 mk)
       2. Cause of disease. (1 mk)
       3. Symptoms. (5 mks)
       4. Control measures. (3 mks)
    2. Outline the advantages of artificial insemination in cattle. (10 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Physical characteristics of exotic breeds.
   • Straight top line.
   • Wedge/triangular shape.
   • Absence of hump.
   • Prominent milk veins.
   • Well set hindquarters and large teats.
2.  
   1.  
      • Steer- young castrated male cattle.
      • Bullock- mature castrated male cattle.
   2.  
      • Boars are male pigs that are used for breeding.
      • Sows are female pigs that have given birth to a litter of piglets
3. Dehorning tools.
   • Dehorning iron/disbudding iron.
   • Dehorning wire or saw.
   • Dehorning collodion.
   • Caustic potash stick.
   • Rubber ring and elastrator.
   • Has antibodies that help resist early diseases infections.
4.  
   • Oxytocin.
   • Adrenalin.
5. Signs of farrowing.
   • Restlessness.
   • Loss of appetite.
   • Enlarge of the udder and teats.
   • Sow collects bedding and build a nest.
   • Enlargement of vulva.
6. Management practices of a heifer.
   • Diseases and parasite control.
   • Vaccination.
   • Feeding.
   • Deworming.
   • Identification.
   • Dehorning.
7. Effects of keds.
   • Cause irritation.
   • Damage of wool.
   • Retarded growth.
   • Anaemic conditions.
8. Characteristics of African wild bee.
   • Adapted to local weather conditions.
   • Highflying power hence fly for longer distances.
   • Active in search of food and water.
   • Vicious if manhandled.
   • Resistant to diseases like Acarive and American foul brood diseases.
9.  
   1. Cattle- calving.
   2. Rabbits-kindling.
   3. Sheep-lambing.
   4. Goats- kidding.
10. Routes for vaccination.
    • Nose.
    • Mouth.
    • Cloaca.
    • Skin.
11. Candling abnormalities.
    • Double yolk.
    • Broken egg shell.
    • Hair cracks.
    • Blood/meat spots.
12. Advantages of natural incubation.
    • Low marginal cost.
    • Requires less skills.
    • Suitable for small scale farmers.
    • Less laborious since it does not involve egg turning.
13. Diseases causing micro-organisms.
    • Bacteria.
    • Virus.
    • Protozoan.
    • Fungi.
14. Factors that determine amount of water taken by a dairy cow.
    • Animal requires more water during hot season due to sweating.
    • Type of feed eaten by the animal.
    • Level of production
    • Weight of the animal or the body size.
15. Dual purpose breeds in sheep.
    • Corriedale.
    • Hampshire Down.
    • Romney marsh.
16. Parts of a piggery.
    • Feed store.
    • Record room.
    • Water trough/drinking nipples.
    • Running yard.
    • Pig pens: gilt, boar, in pig, weaner, fattener pig pen.
17.  
    • Increase in the number of offspring per female.
    • Easier and more rapid exchange of genetic material between countries.
    • Less transport of live animals, thereby reducing risks of disease transmission.
    • Storage and expansion of rare genetic stock.
18.  
    • Milk fever.
    • Anaemia.
    • Paraketosis.
    • Oestomalacia.
    • Grass tetany/stagger/hypomagnecia.
19. Physiological body functions that indicate illness.
    • Abnormal appetite.
    • High /low body temperature.
    • Abnormal defecation.
    • High/low respiratory.
    • Abnormal colour of the urine/frequent urination.

SECTION B

20.  
    1. Maize = ²⁰/₃₀ x 180 = 120kg
       Sunflower = ¹⁰/₃₀  x 180 = 60kg
    2.  
       • Age of the animal
       • Cost of feedstuff
       • Type of animal whether ruminant or non-ruminant
       • Nutrient requirement of the animal
       • Availability of feedstuff
21.  
    1. Ear notching
    2. 5 + 3 + 2 + 50 + 30 + 20 = 110 (must show the working)  (Any other combination unacceptable)
    3.  
    4. Prevents sow from crushing the piglets
22.  
    1.  
       1. E – There is draught from the side directly opposite where the chicks have  crowded.
       2. F – Its very cold in the brooder chicks crowd around heat source
       3. G – Too much heat making chicks move far away from heat source
    2. To avoid overcrowding at one point which may lead to suffocation.
23.  
    1. K – alveoli L – gland cistern
    2. Oxytocin,  Adrenalin

SECTION C: (40 MARKS)

24.  
    1.  
       • Wedge/Triangular shaped.
       • Big stomach to store more food
       • Large well-developed udder and teats
       • Well set hind quarters to allow room for big udder
       • Long thin neck and small head
       • Lean body with little flash
       • Large milk veins and milk wells
       • Straight top line
       • Long thin legs
       • Prominent pin bones
    2.  
       1.  
          • Regulates body temp
          • Transportation of nutrients
          • Component of body cells and fluids
          • Make cells turgid
          • Used in biochemical reactions
          • Helps in excretion of waste products
          • Forms part of animal products.
       2.  
          • Produce high power
          • Have efficient fuel and oil utilization
          • Performs wide range of farm operations
          • Engines are efficiently cooled with water
          • Exhaust gases are effectively expelled
25.  
    1.  
       • Age of the animal: old animals produce milk with low butter fat content
       • Stage of lactation: butter fat content is high in the middle phase of lactation
       • Completeness of milking: Last drawn milk from udder has higher butter fat content.
       • Season of the year: butter fat content increases during cold season.
       • Type of food eaten: food rich in roughages are richer in butter fat content.
       • Animals health: mastitis reduces butter fat content leading to watery milk
       • Breed – Jersey produce milk with more butter fat content
       • Physiological condition: Last stage of pregnancy has milk with lower butter content
       • Nutrition: Mexican marigold and silage taints milk if fed before milking. 
    2.  
       • Wrong timing of service
       • Low quality/expired semen
       • Poor skilled veterinary officer
       • Infertile cow
       • Blocked fallopian tubes/oviduct
       • Hormonal imbalance
       • Disease infection e.g., brucellosis
    3.  
       • Cost of the material
       • Durability
       • Workability
       • Toxicity of materials to workers/animal
       • Farmers taste and preferences
       • Type of zero-grazing unit
       • Availability of skilled labour
       • Capital available
       • Suitability
       • Environmental conditions
26.  
    1.  
       1. Cows/Nannies/sows that have recently given birth
       2. Low calcium levels in blood leading to increase in magnesium and sugar levels.
       3.  
          • Muscular twitching causing animals to tremble
          • Staggering as the animal moves
          • Animal lies down on its side and whole body stiffens/neck twisted
          • Body functions e.g., urination stops
          • Stomach contents drawn to the mouth
          • Complete loss of appetite/anorexia
          • Dullness
          • Animal falls down and becomes unconscious
       4. Control
          • Partial milking for first 10 days
          • Intravenous injection with calcium salts
          • Feed the animal with diet rich in calcium and phosphorus
          • Giving high doses of vitamin D
    2. AI
       • Semen of a bull can be used even after its death
       • Heavy bulls can produce semen to serve
       • Controls breeding diseases
       • Prevents inbreeding
       • Eliminates dangerous bulls in the farm
       • Useful as a research tool
       • Easier and cheaper to transport semen that a bull
       • Quicker method to obtain a proven sire
       • Semen from one superior bull can serve many cows
       • Saves costs of rearing a bull
       • Controls breeding