Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Mokasa 1 Joint Pre Mock Exams 2023

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A and B.
• Answer any two questions in section C.
• Candidates should answer all the questions in English.

SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1. Name a breed of livestock described below.
   1. A beef cattle breed, deep red in colour, the face and part of the legs below knees and hocks are white. (11/2mk)
   2. A pig breed which is white in colour, with a straight snout and long ears dropping over the face.     (11/2mk)
2. Name two cattle diseases caused by viruses.        (1mk)
3. State four pre-disposing causes of calf pneumonia diseases.      (2mks)
4. Give three effects of external parasites that are harmful to livestock.    (11/2mk)
5. State two reasons for housing calves singly in cattle management.      (1mk)
6.  
   1. Name two methods of extracting honey from honey combs.     (1mk)
   2. Outline four factors that affect the quality of honey.        (2mks)
7. Give four reasons why farm tools and equipment should be maintained        (2mks)
8.  
   1. What is caponisation as used in poultry      (1/2mk)
   2. Give a reason for using water paints to paint the walls of calf pen.      (1/2mk)
9. State four factors considered when siting a fish pond.        (2mks)
10. Give four functions of vitamins in livestock nutrition.       (2mks)
11. Name four various parts of pig pens.     (2mks)
12. State two factors that affect respiratory rate in livestock.        (1mk)
13. State four signs of heat in rabbits.        (2mks)
14. Give three reasons for castrating a breeding boar.   (11/2mks)
15. State four qualities of eggs suitable for incubation.        (2mks)
16. Outline four disadvantages of inbreeding in livestock production.        (2mks)
17. State four conditions that would encourage egg eating in poultry.        (2mks)
18. State two conditions that may inhibit milk let-down during milking.        (1mk)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

19. Below is diagram of a cow suffering from a deficiency disease? Study it and answer the question that follows.
           
    1. Identify the diseases of the above animal is suffering from.      (1mk)
    2. What stage of the state of the body condition encourages the disease above?    (1mk)
    3. List two symptoms of the above disease.         (1mk)
    4. Give one control measure of the identified disease.        (2mks)
20. Study the diagram of the tools labelled L,M,N and P and answer the following questions.
    Name the tools labelled L,M,N and P and give their uses.       (4mk)
        
21.  
    1. Name two major physical differences between Bactrian and dromedary breed of camel.        (2mks)
    2. Name four dairy breeds of dairy goats.      (2mks)
    3. Name one characteristic of goats that make them perform better in the dry parts of the Country.       (2mks)
22. Study the diagram of a calf pen illustrated below.
            
    1. Name the type of floor shown in the diagram.         (1mk)
    2. What is the purpose of the floor begin raised.         (1mk)
    3. Name two factors considered when siting a calf pen.         (1mk)
    4. Give one function of good ventilation in the animal house.                                 (1mk)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section.

23.  
    1. Describe new cattle diseases under the following sub-headings
       1. Causal organism.         (1mk)
       2. Symptoms of attack.        (6mks)
       3. Control measures     (3mks)
    2. State five signs of parturition in a cow.   (5mks)
    3. Describe the uses of five equipment required for hand milking.    (5mks)
24.  
    1. Explain seven ways in which ticks can be controlled on a livestock farm.    (7mks)
    2. State four disadvantages of using live fences on a farm.      (4mrks)
    3. Describe nine advantages of the battery cage system of rearing layers.       (9mks)
25.  
    1. Give five reasons for keeping livestock health.     (5mks)
    2. Describe the process of digestion in the small intestines of a non-ruminant animals. (5mks)
    3. Describe six diseases control routine management practices in calf rearing.    (6mks)
    4. Describe the procedure of stocking a bee hive.             (4mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (30 Marks)

1. Name a breed of livestock described below.
   1. A beef cattle breed, deep red in colour, the face and part of the legs below knees and hocks are white. (1½mk)
      • Hereford
   2. A pig breed which is white in colour, with a straight snout and long ears dropping over the face.     (1½mk)
      • Landrace
2. Name two cattle diseases caused by viruses.        (1mk)
   • Foot and mouth diseases
   • Rabies
   • Rinderpest
3. State four pre-disposing causes of calf pneumonia diseases.      (2mks)
   • Overcrowding of calves in the pen
   • Dampness in the pen
   • Poor ventilation
   • Age / Younger calves are more prone to pneumonia than older calves
   • Effects of diarrhoea and other illness.
   • Chilliness/ Coldness in the pen
4. Give three effects of external parasites that are harmful to livestock.    (1½mk)
   • Introduce toxins that are harmful to the animal
   • Cause anaemia / transit diseases
   • Cause wounds that allow secondary infection.
   • Cause irritation which leads to scratching / destroy of wool.
5. State two reasons for housing calves singly in cattle management.      (1mk)
   • To control licking and sucking each other’s this leads to hair balls.
   • Control diseases
   • Controls spread of parasites
6.  
   1. Name two methods of extracting honey from honey combs.     (1mk)
      • Squeeze method
      • Heat method
      • Centrifugal method
   2. Outline four factors that affect the quality of honey.        (2mks)
      • Method of processing honey
      • Method of harvesting
      • Maturity stage of honey at the time of harvesting
      • Type of plants from which the nectar was obtained
7. Give four reasons why farm tools and equipment should be maintained        (2mks)
   • To avoid injury to the user
   • To reduce repair / replacement cost
   • To increase their durability / life span
   • To make them more efficient.
8.  
   1. What is caponisation as used in poultry      (½mk)
      • is a process used in poultry farming, specifically with chickens, to create capons. 
   2. Give a reason for using water paints to paint the walls of calf pen.      (½mk)
      • To avoid the calf setting poisoned when it leaks the paints / wall
      • Easy to clean / wash
9. State four factors considered when siting a fish pond.        (2mks)
   • Reliable water source
   • Slope topography of the land
   • Type of soil, clay soil is preferred
   • Security of the area, should be secure from predators and thieves
   • Should be accessible
   • Market / demand for the fish.
10. Give four functions of vitamins in livestock nutrition.       (2mks)
    • Protection against infection
    • Promote growth
    • Bone formation
    • Muscular activity
    • Organic catalysts
11. Name four various parts of pig pens.     (2mks)
    • Farrowing pens
    • Gilts pen
    • In – pen
    • Weaners / fattening pen
    • Boar pen`s
    • Running yard
    • Water troughs / Drinking nipples
12. State two factors that affect respiratory rate in livestock.        (1mk)
    • The body size of the animal
    • The amount of exercise done by the animal
    • The degree of excitement
    • The ambient / environmental temperature
13. State four signs of heat in rabbits.        (2mks)
    • Restlessness
    • Frequent urination
    • Swollen vulva
    • The doe throws itself on its sides
    • She rubs herself against the wall or any other solid object.
    • The doe tries to contact other rabbits in the next hutch by peeping through the cage walls.
14. Give three reasons for castrating a breeding boar.   (11/2mks)
    • To make it docile
    • To prevent in breeding
    • To continue breeding
    • To control in breeding diseases
    • To fasten it
    • Due to old age
15. State four qualities of eggs suitable for incubation.        (2mks)
    • Should be fertilized
    • Should be medium sized
    • Should be oval in shape
    • Should not be cracked
    • Should be clean
    • Should be free from abnormalities / blood spots / meat spots/ double york
    • Should be 5 -10 days old
    • Should have smooth shell.
16. Outline four disadvantages of inbreeding in livestock production.        (2mks)
    • In breeding can cause loss of hybrid
    • May lead to decline in fertility leading to species extinction
    • Bring about reduction in performance.
    • Leads to high rate of pre – natal mortality
17. State four conditions that would encourage egg eating in poultry.        (2mks)
    • Calcium deficiency in the birds body
    • Bright light in the layering nests
    • Birds laying on the floor
    • Presence of broken soft shelled eggs
    • Prolonged stay of eggs in the layering boxes
    • Idleness of birds
    • Inadequate feeding.
18. State two conditions that may inhibit milk let-down during milking.        (1mk)
    • Changing of milk routine
    • Strange surrounding / strangers / sudden noise / storm
    • Poor milking tehnigues / pain
    • Sickness.

SECTION B (20 marks)

19.  
    1. Milk fever.
    2. High milk production.
    3.  
       • Muscular twitching causing the animal to tremble.
       • Animal lies on the sternum with neck twisted on one side.
    4.  
       • Feed the diet rich in calcium during pregnancy.
       • Give intramuscular injection of calcium boroglucolate 2-3 days after calving.
20.  
    

    	Identity	Use
    L	Burdizo	Carrying out bloodless castration
    M	Drenching gun	Shooting liquid medicine to the mouth of livestock.
    N	Shears	Shearing sheep
    P	Strip cup	Testing mastitis in lactating cows.

21.  
    1.  
       • Bactrian has two humps while dromedary has one hump.
       • Bactrian has more fur while dromedary has less fur.
    2.  
       • Saanen
       • Toggenberg.
       • Anglo Nubian
       • German alpine.
    3.  
       • Requires little feed.
       • They are both grazers and browsers.
       • They withstand  high temperatures.
22.  
    1. Slatted floor.
    2. To keep the floor free of dampness because urine and dung drains off easly.
    3.  
       • Type of soil.
       • Topography of an area.
       • Nearness to the milking shed
       • Direction of the prevailing wind.
    4.  
       • Allows free circulation of air.
       • Prevents dampness.

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

23.  
    1. Describe new castle disease under the following sub headings.
       1. Causal organism.                                                                                                     (1mk)
          • Virus
          • Paramyxo virus
       2. Symptoms of attack.                                                                                               (6mks)
          • Sudden death in acute forms
          • Breathing difficulties.
          • Beaks remain wide open
          • Watery greenish diarrhoea.
          • Nasal discharges
          • Coughing and sneezing
          • Staggering due to infection of the nervous system.
          • Drooping wings and bending of neck.
          • Eggs laid have soft shells.
       3. Control measures.                                                                                                   (3mks)
          • Vaccination
          • Mass slaughter.
          • Practicing farm hygiene
          • Quarantine.
    2. State five signs of parturition in a cow.                                                                         (5mks)
       • Restlessness
       • Enlarged or swollen vulva
       • Clear mucus discharge from the vulva.
       • Slackening of the pelvic muscles or the relaxing of the hip muscles.
       • Full and distended udder.
       • Thick milky fluid from the teats.
       • A water bag appears and bursts, just before calving.
    3. Describe the uses of five equipment required for hand milking.                                  (5mks)
       • Udder clothes/towels-Used to wash and dry the udder.
       • Filtering pads-Used for straining milk.
       • Milking jelly-Smeared on the teats after milking to prevent from cracking.
       • Warm water-Necessary for washing the udder before milking to remove dirt and stimulate milk let- down.
       • Milking pails/buckets-Used to hold milk during milking.
       • Milking stool-Used to sit on during milking.
       • Strip cup-Necessary for detecting mastitis.
       • Milk cans/churns-Used to hold milk during storage and transportation.
       • Chain/rope-Used to restrain the animal.
       • Concentrates/feeds-Used to stimulate milk let-down.
       • Weighing scale-Used to determine the amount of milk.
       • Milking machine-Milking animals.
24.  
    1. Explain six non-chemical methods of controlling ticks in cattle.                                (6mks)
       • Using natural enemies eg ants, birds eg egrets which predate on the ticks.
       • Self-licking by the animal may also dislodge the ticks from the body.
       • Burning the infested pastures destroys a large number of eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults.
       • Interfering with or altering the tick’s environment in the following ways:
       • Ploughing pasture land to expose the eggs to suns heat for desiccation or by burying them deeply.
       • Top dressing pastures using lime or dressing using an acaricide.
       • Double fencing off the pasture land and farm combined with regular use of acaricides.
       • Starving the ticks to death by keeping the animals away from infested pastures through rotational grazing.
       • Hand picking the ticks from livestock and killing them (deticking)
    2. State the disadvantages of using live fences on a farm.                                               (6mks)
       • They take many years to grow and make an effective fence.
       • They cannot be used for paddocking because they occupy a wide space.
       • The edges can be hiding places for rodents and thieves.
       • Thorny species can cause injury to human and livestock.
       • They require regular trimming and infilling of gaps which is both laborious and expensive.
       • Their growth may be irregular thus allowing gaps for thieves and animals to pass through.
    3. Describe eight advantages of the battery cage system of rearing layers.                     (8mks)
       • Higher egg production due to less energy wastage by birds.
       • Accurate egg production records can be kept.
       • Cannibalism and egg eating are minimized
       • Eggs are clean because hens do not step on them.
       • The system can easily be mechanized.
       • Birds do not contaminate food and water.
       • Handling is easy as hens are restricted to a small place.
       • Broodiness is discouraged as birds do not reach the eggs.
       • A large number of birds’ can be kept in a small space hence higher stocking rate.
       • Sick birds can easily be detected and isolated for treatment.
       • Wire floors prevent re-infestation of parasitic worms and coccidia.
       • There is no bullying during feeding.
       • There is low labour requirement.
25.  
    1. State five reasons for keeping livestock healthy.                                                  (5mks)
       • Healthy animals grow well and fast enough to reach maturity quickly.
       • Healthy animals live longer and therefore have longer productive lives than sickly animals.
       • Healthy animals give maximum production or performance ie they maintain high productivity.
       • Healthy animals produce good quality products and consequently command a high market value.
       • Healthy animals are safe to other animals and human beings as there is little risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases eg brucellosis.
       • It is economical to keep healthy animals since veterinary expenses on them are low.This leads to profit maximization.
    2. Describe the process of digestion in the small intestines of a non- ruminant animals.(5mks)
       • In the duodenum, food is mixed with bile and pancreatic juice(pancreatic amylase, lipase and trypsin)
       • Bile emulsifies fat to increase the surface area for enzyme action/ it has salt that neutralizes acids.
         In the duodenum:
       • Pancreatic amylase-Converts starch to maltose
       • Lipase-Converts fats to fatty acids and glycerol.
       • Trypsin-Converts proteins to peptones and peptides
         In the rest of the small intestines:
       • Erepsin (peptidase)-Converts peptones and peptides to amino acids.
       • Maltase-Converts maltose to glucose.
       • Sucrase (invertase)-Converts sucrose to glucose
       • Lactase-Converts lactose to glucose.
       • Digested food materials are absorbed in the ileum.
       • Undigested and indigestible food materials then move to the large intestines for further digestion.
    3. Describe the pest and disease control routine management practices in calf rearing.      (6mks)
       • Vaccination-Stimulates the production of antibodies against diseases.
       • Deworming-This is the control of internal parasites in animals especially sheep eg roundworms, tapeworms, liverflukes etc using antihelminthics.
       • Hoof trimming-This is the practice of cutting back the overgrown hooves in animals especially sheep to control foot rot disease.
       • Docking/tailing in sheep-This is the practice of cutting short the sheep’s tail or removal of part of it to prevent blowfly infestation.
       • Dipping and spraying -These are routine practices done to control external parasites eg ticks, lice, mites and fleas which suck blood and transmit diseases. Hand dress hidden areas.
       • Dusting-This is either rubbed into the animals’ skin or applied to the house where the animal is usually confined to control parasites.
    4. Describe the procedure of harvesting fish.                                                                    (4mks)
       • The inflow of water from the river is stopped by closing the channel.
       • The normal cropping is done to remove all the large fish by use of a seine net.
       • The outlet is then opened to allow the water to flow out.
       • A scoop net is used to catch the fingerlings and kept in a holding pond.
       • Water is completely drained for the pond to dry up.