History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Lainaku 1 Joint PreMock Exams 2023

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed and that no questions are missing.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.

                                                                                  SECTION A   (25 marks)

                                                                        Answer ALL questions in this section

1. State one physical characteristic of Homo Sapiens.        (1 Mark) 
2. State two similarities between early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt.  (2 Marks)
3. Give two ways in which industrial Revolution contributed to European expansion to Africa. (2 Marks) 
4. Identify the main aim of Berlin conference between 1884 and 1885.      (1 Mark)
5. Name one African leader who was one of the founder of Non-aligned movement.  (1 Mark)
6. Identify one African territory that was colonized by the Italians.   (1 Mark) 
7. State two demerits of oral traditions as a source of history.            (2 Marks) 
8. Identify the main method of trade in Africa during pre-colonial period. (1 Mark)   
9. State two officials who assisted the Kabaka in administration. (2 Marks) 
10. Which organization was formed in 1994 to re-place the Preferential Trade Area? (1 Mark)   
11. State one result of the wheel among Sumerians in Mesopotamia.      (1 Mark) 
12. State one factor that facilitated the growth of Asante kingdom.        (1 Mark) 
13. State the main contribution of Michael Faraday. (1Mark) 
14. Other than personal assimilation, state two other forms of assimilation.    (2 Marks)
15. Name any two Key South African nationalists. (2Marks) 
16. State two reasons that made United States of America (U.S.A) in 1917 to enter into World War I.              (2 Marks)
17. Give two military alliances formed by power blocs during the cold war period. (2 Marks)   
    
                                                                                 SECTION B (45 marks)
                                                            Answer ANY THREE questions from this section.
18.  
    1. State five disadvantages of open field system in Europe before the Agrarian revolution. (5 Marks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Agrarian Revolution in the USA.  (10 Marks)   
19.  
    1. State three advantages of use of metal compared to stone as a material for making tools.  (3 Marks)   
    2. Explain six factors that favoured industrialisation in Britain.            (12 Marks) 
20.  
    1. State five reasons why African leaders collaborated with the Europeans.  (5 Marks) 
    2. Explain five reasons why Samori Toure was defeated by the Frenchmen. (10 Marks)   
21.  
    1. State five reasons for the use of Indirect rule by the British in northern Nigeria. (5 Marks)
    2. Explain five factors that favoured the success of FRELIMO nationalists during their struggle for independence in Mozambique.        (10 Marks)   
       
                                                                           SECTION C (30 marks)
                                                      Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.
22.  
    1. Identify five ways in which the treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 affected Germany.   (5marks)   
    2. Explain five factors that enabled the Allied forces to win the Second World War.   (10marks)         
23.  
    1. Name three permanent member states of the UN security council.        (3marks)   
    2. Explain six ways in which the United Nations has attempted to promote world peace.      (12marks)
24.  
    1. State five reasons why Pan African activities became active in Africa after 1945.(5marks)
    2. Explain five ways in which members of East African Community – 2001 have benefited since its inception.        (10marks)

                                                                                 MARKING SCHEME

                                                                                          SECTION A (25 MARKS)

                                                                                   Answer all questions in the section

1. State one physical characteristic of Homo Sapiens.         
   1. He had a steep and well-rounded forehead.
   2. He had a big brain capacity -1000-1800cc.
   3. He was about 5ft, 6 inches tall.
   4. He was upright.                       (Any 1x1=1mark)
2. State two similarities between early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt. 
   1.  In both, it was practised along river valleys. 
   2. In both, farmers depended on flood water for farming.
   3. In both, there was developed systems of irrigation e.g. basin, canal and shadoof.
   4. In both, farm implements were made of stone, wood and later metal.
   5. In both, there was a developed a system of storage and preservation of food.          (Any 2x1=2marks)
3. Give two ways in which industrial Revolution contributed to European expansion to Africa. 
   1. European countries needed markets for their manufactured goods
   2. European countries needed raw materials to feed their industries
   3. European countries needed areas to invest their surplus capital
   4. European countries needed agricultural land in Africa to grow cash crops
   5. European countries needed cheap labour from Africans to produce raw materials 
   6. European countries developed a high demand of minerals speculated to be available in Africa    (Any 2x1=2marks)
4. Identify the main aim of Berlin conference between 1884 and 1885.  
   • To eliminate conflicts amongst European nations when partitioning Africa.   (1x1=1mark)
5. Name one African leader who was one of the founders of Non-aligned movement.  
   • Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
   • Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt              (1x1=1mark)
6. Identify one African territory that was colonized by the Italians.
   1. Italian Somaliland
   2. Eritrea
   3. Libya           (Any 1x1=1mark)                           
7. State two demerits of oral traditions as a source of history.            
   1.  Information can be exaggerated as it is transmitted by elders to successive generations.
   2. Some information or facts may be forgotten or omitted since oral traditions depend heavily on human memory.
   3. Some information may not give dates and a chronology of events.
   4. It is time consuming. One requires a lot of time to interview an individual.
   5. It may be biased i.e. the history of the ruling classes is well articulated at the expense of less privileged. 
   6. It may be unreliable as the informant may deliberately conceal some information.  (Any 2x1=2marks)
8. Identify the main method of trade in Africa during pre-colonial period.
   • Barter trade  (1x1=1mark)
9. State two officials who assisted the Kabaka in administration.  
   1. Queen mother 
   2. Queen sister (ubunga)
   3. Katikiro (prime minister) 
   4. Omulamuzi(chief justice),
   5. Omwanika (treasurer)
   6. Mugema(head of clans)
   7. Musenero( the chief butter)
   8. Mfumbiro( the chief baker).          (Any 2x1=2marks)
10. Which organization was formed in 1994 to re-place the Preferential Trade Area?
    • Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)  (1x1=1mark)
11. State one result of the wheel among Sumerians in Mesopotamia.            
    1. It enabled the Sumerians built war chariots which increased mobility of their soldiers.
    2. It enhanced transportation of people and goods.
    3. The chariots gave the Sumerians soldiers height advantage over their enemies, enabling them to fight more efficiently.
    4. It promoted trade through efficiency of transportation of goods and traders
    5. It facilitated the construction of roads                (Any 1x1=1mark)
12. State one factor that facilitated the growth of Asante kingdom.        
    1. The golden stool brought unity.
    2. The first three rulers or Asantehene were able, shrewd and courageous politicians. (Obiri Yeboa, Osei Tutu and Opuku Ware).
    3. The growth of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade brought a lot of wealth.
    4. Several city-states emerged around Kumasi and supported each other.
    5. The kingdom also had a strong agricultural base.
    6. The centralized political system under Asantehene provided stability.
    7. The Asante kingdom had a large efficient standing army which used guns and gun powder.
    8. The Odwira festival that was held annually helped to make the state more cohesive.   (Any 1x1=1mark)
13. State the main contribution of Michael Faraday.
    • He invented electric dynamo.     (1x1=1mark)
14. Other than personal assimilation, state two other forms of assimilation.    
    • Administrative assimilation
    • Political assimilation
    • Economic assimilation       (Any 1x1=1mark)
15. Name any two Key South African nationalists.  
    1. Nelson Mandela
    2. Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe
    3. Chief Albert Luthuli
    4. Walter Sisulu
    5. Oliver Tambo
    6. Steve Biko
    7. Reverend John Dube
    8. Desmond Tutu
    9. Ahmed Kathrada
    10. Andrew Mlangeni         (Any 2x1=2marks)
16. State two reasons that made United States of America (U.S.A) in 1917 to enter into World War I.    
    1. Pressure from her citizens (friends and relatives of French and British in United States of America) for USA to join the war on the side of allies.
    2. German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to German Embassy in Mexico urging Mexico to support Germany in case of war. 
    3. US and British intelligence linked some of the German’s sympathizers with industrial sabotage in factories and trade union strikes in USA, thus Germans were not to be trusted.
    4. The declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans in1917 on all ships trading with Britain. i.e. Germans sunk a liner called Lusitania off the coast of Ireland leading to loss of thousands of lives including 100 Americans.
    5. The USA feared that should the Allies be defeated, then the payments of loans earlier given to them will not be paid.
       (Any 2x1=2marks)
17. Give two military alliances formed by power blocs during the cold war period. 
    1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed in 1949
    2. Warsaw Pact formed in 1955    (2x1=2marks)
       
                                                                            SECTION B (45 marks)
                                                          Answer ANY THREE questions from this section.
18.  
    1. State five disadvantages of open field system in Europe before the Agrarian revolution.  
       1. Land was underutilized as it was left fallow.
       2. The existence of strips prevented mechanization.
       3. Cart tracks and foot paths that went through unfenced fields wasted land.
       4. Long distances were covered before reaching scattered pieces of land, thus wasting time.
       5. Common grazing of animals led to diseases and poor breeds.
       6. Farmers had to slaughter livestock and salt the meat because of lack of pasture during winter.  (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Agrarian Revolution in the USA .   
       1. It led to diversification of agriculture through the introduction of new farm animals and crops.
       2. The new inventions in farm machinery enabled American farmers to bring more land under cultivation. For example the steel plough invented by John Deere and reaping machine by Cyrus McCormick.
       3. Food production especially of wheat and maize, increased due to the use of new farming methods like use of fertilizers and hybrid seeds.
       4. The agrarian revolution led to expansion of agricultural related industries.
       5. Mechanization of agriculture replaced slaves and other labourers at the farms. Many people went to search for employment in urban areas. 
       6. The expansion of food production led to increase in trade between USA and Western Europe thus boosting USA economy.
       7. The transport system was improved to enable transportation of farm inputs to farms and agricultural produce to markets.
       8. The revolution contributed to the enhancement of research and scientific inventions especially in the field of agriculture.
          (Any 5x2 =10marks)
19.  
    1. State three advantages of use of metal compared to stone as a material for making tools. 
       1. The metals were durable and could not break easily.
       2. The metals maintained the cutting edge over a long period of time.
       3. Metals could be turned or made in various shapes. 
       4. Broken metals could be smelted and reworked into useful items.      (Any 3x1 =3marks)
    2. Explain six factors that favoured industrialisation in Britain.            
       1. Britain had accumulated large amounts of wealth from her trading empire and colonies.
       2. Through colonisation Britain had acquired industrial raw materials and market for industrial products.
       3. Britain underwent a period of developments in agriculture; these agrarian changes had great influence on industrialisation.
       4. Its large population provided a market and cheap labour for the industry.
       5. It had good transport and communication network, i.e. the road and railway network facilitated the movement of industrial goods and products.
       6. The naval forces were important as it guarded sea routes from pirates and other intruders as well as protecting the merchants in trading ports.
       7. Uses of slave labour in plantations and mines in colonies greatly influenced her industrial development.
       8. Britain was and has been one of the countries with a well maintained banking and insurance infrastructure.
       9. Britain had for a long history of internal political stability.
       10. There were cottage industries that became the pioneers in large-scale factory investments.
       11. Britain had an abundant supply of skilled labour for her industries and economy.
       12. The country had adequate energy resources.     (Any 6x2 =12marks)         
20.  
    1. State five reasons why African leaders collaborated with the Europeans.   
       1. Some African kings needed to safe guard themselves against internal and external enemies. e.g. Lewanika of Lozi who was facing threat from the Ndebele and the Ngoni. 
       2. Others wanted to promote trade with the imperialists so that they can gain material wealth. For example, the Lozi.
       3. Influence of the missionaries who convinced some African leaders to collaborate in order to get western education and civilization. E.g., François Coillard encouraged Lewanika to collaborate with the British.
       4. In some communities, there was need for protection against other European powers e.g. the Lozi against the Portuguese.
       5. To some it was a means of showing courtesy to visitors assuming that they would leave soon and being ignorant of European intentions. For example Kabaka Mwanga of Buganda.
       6. Other African leaders influenced some communities. For example, Chief Khama influenced Lewanika of the Lozi to collaborate.
       7. Having witnessed the European military might against the resisting neighbours some communities saw it futile to resist stronger force.  (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five reasons why Samori Toure was defeated by the Frenchmen.  
       1. He failed to convince the British to fight against the French as they (British) saw it as against the Berlin conference of 1884. The policy of non-interference.
       2. Determination by the French to establish an overseas empire made them to use their superior weapons.
       3. Constant movement of his army and people denied them time to concentrate on meaningful activities, hence lacked food.
       4. The newly conquered regions resented him and allied with the French, as they felt he was insensitive to human suffering.
       5. As he moved southward, he lost valuable areas like Bure gold mines. This paralyzed him to the extent of not being able to pay his soldiers and mercenaries.
       6. The French empire besieged his Capital, blocking his retreat thereby forcing him to surrender. vii. The Scorched Earth policy he used made his people impoverished and turned against him. viii. The British stopped the supply of guns to Samori Toure in 1893.
       7. Samori’s was a Muslim jihadist who became unpopular among non-muslims in the territories he occupied such people usually supported the French for they Saw them as their saviour from Islamic imperialism.
       8. Lack of unity among African societies dealt Samori Toure a heavy blow i.e. Ahmed Seku of Tukolor and Tieba of Sikasso assisted the French against Samori.  (Any 5x2 =10marks)
21.  
    1. State five reasons for the use of Indirect rule by the British in northern Nigeria.  
       1.  The system was cost-effective. There was need to reduce the administrative costs by using the local chiefs in administration while employing very few British officials.
       2. Northern Nigeria had communities with a well-organized centralized system of government complete with Islamic sharia whose use provided a base to govern the protectorate. i.e. The Sokoto Caliphate 
       3. The vastness of the region coupled with the inadequate British administrative work force made it difficult for the British officials to effectively administer some parts of the region.
       4. Poor transport and communication network was unsuitable to the British.
       5. The system would help dilute African resistance since governance was by local rulers. The British were keen on guarding against the local resistance to their administration.
       6. Language barrier / Communication barrier as the Europeans were ignorant of the African languages.
       7. The adoption of dual mandate policy by the British government encouraged the development of the colony for its own good and the good of the colonizer.
       8. Indirect rule had been tried successfully in Uganda and India.  (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five factors that favoured the success of FRELIMO nationalists during their struggle for independence in Mozambique.        
       1. A few Africans were privileged to acquire university education in Portugal and came to form the bulk of FRELIMO leadership. 
       2. The overwhelming support FRELIMO fighters received from other African states e.g. Tanzania, Zimbabwe and DRC. From these countries, they gained moral and military support.
       3. FRELIMO was a formidable, well-organized force, which witnessed rapid expansion from a mere 250 in 1964 to 35000 in 1967. 
       4. The forested environment favoured guerilla warfare. Moreover, the soldiers knew the topography of the country. 
       5. The local population gave their logistic support to the fighters, having become tired of the extreme suppression by the Portuguese administration. 
       6. The movement fighters had their own supply of food and they therefore did not interfere with the local population. 
       7. Support from OAU which was against the Portuguese in Mozambique as it aimed to help decolonize Africa.
       8. The communist countries notably USSR and china gave FRELIMO military aid. 
       9. FRELIMO adopted the right strategy; liberating the country bit by bit and systematically. This approach won the local people’s support for the movement. 
       10. The FRELIMO Army consisted of all tribes, all sexes and all ages. The women played a very important role in the success of the war. I.e. spies, some fought, hiding the fighters and cooking for them.    (Any 5x2 =10marks)
           
                                                                           SECTION C (30 marks)
                                                        Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.
22.  
    1. Identify five ways in which the treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 affected Germany.  
       1. Germany lost all her colonial possessions and were supervised by the League of Nations.
       2. Germany was forced to pay war reparation of over sterling pounds 6.5 billions to the Allies.
       3. Germany size was reduced by 1/8 and her population by 6.5 million.
       4. Germany lost the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine part of Schleswig and Eastern Silesia to France and a strip of Eastern Prussia
       5. Germany was restricted to an army recruitment of 100,000 men. The army was limited in equipment it could use.
       6. It prevented any union between Germany and Austria.
       7. Poland received a 3rd of its territory that had been taken over by Germany during the war.
       8. Rhineland was to remain without German troops.               (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five factors that enabled the Allied forces to win the Second World War.    
       1. Allies had more wealth in terms of food, raw materials and equipment. 
       2. Allies controlled the North Sea, which ensured safe transportation of troops and equipment. They were also able to block the central powers in the sea.
       3. Entry of USA in the war led to defeat of Germany. America had strong air force and war resources.               
       4. Germany’s inability to control her expansive territories and some turned against her and in favour of the allied powers. 
       5. The unity, morale and determination of the allied leaders and fighters. 
       6. Popular sentiment was for allied victory and Hitler’s defeat. 
       7. Hitler's over-confidence and craziness did not allow him to comprehend the enormity of opposition up against him and the axis forces. 
       8. External support especially from the colonial people in Africa, Asia and elsewhere.
       9. Axis powers dropped out of war one by one.
       10. Allies had better industries and financial resources/ superior economy, war tactics and superior diplomacy by all the allied powers
       11. The axis powers made serious tactical mistakes e.g. Hitler failed to prepare for a winter campaign in Russia and was obsessed with the idea that Germans must not retreat.  When the USSR recovered from her losses, she rearmed her-self and attacked Germany.      (Any 5x2 =10marks)   
23.  
    1. Name three permanent member states of the UN security council.         
       1. China
       2. France
       3. The Russian Federation (Formerly the Soviet Union)
       4. Britain (The United Kingdom)
       5. The United States of America                 (Any 3x1 =3marks)
          
          NB: The permanent members have a ‘veto’ power i.e. if one says NO, no decision is made.  
    2. Explain six ways in which the United Nations has attempted to promote world peace.   
       1.  Peaceful settlement of disputes - The UN has tried to promote world peace by encouraging the peaceful settlement of disputes in the world
       2. Application of sanctions - the UN has attempted to promote world peace by imposing mandatory sanctions against countries that are seen as threat to world peace in an effort to bring them back into line
       3. Peacekeeping operations - The UN has attempted to promote world peace by encouraging the development and application of international law.
       4. Promoting of international law - The UN has attempted to promote world peace by encouraging the development and application of international law. 
       5. Disarmament - The UN has attempted to promote world peace by encouraging disarmament through its disarmament commission and numerous conferences on disarmament that it has sponsored.
       6. Decolonization - The UN has attempted to promote world peace by encouraging the process of decolonization and thus removing one of the major sources of world conflicts.
       7. Development - The UN has attempted to promote world peace by encouraging the social and economic development of third world countries through the work of its numerous specialized agencies e.g. UNDP.
       8. Creation of general awareness - The UN has promoted awareness in the world about peace.
       9. Promotion of regional cooperation - The UN has prompted regional cooperation in different areas between different countries.
       10. Protection of human rights / refugees.
       11. Authorizing the use of force to bring peace / threatening to use force.
           N/B: How UN promotes democracy and Human Rights                              (Any 6x2 =12marks)         
24.  
    1. State five reasons why Pan African activities became active in Africa after 1945.  
       1. World War II strengthened nationalism in the continent. The Africans’ quest for political independence received a boost with support from UNO, USA and USSR. 
       2. The 1945 Pan-African Conference in Manchester, brought many African elites together. They later inspired their colleagues back home to join the movement. 
       3. The attainment of political independence in India in 1947 and Burma (now Myanmar) in 1948 encouraged many nationalists in Africa.               
       4. The slowing down of the Pan Africanism activities in America during the cold war period activated the same in Africa. USA tried to control activities of people like Padmore who had links with USSR. 
       5. The attainment of independence by Ghana in 1957 inspired other African nations to focus on the liberation of their respective countries rather than fight for the betterment of fellow Africans outside the continent.   (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five ways in which members of East African Community – 2001 have benefited since its inception.         
       1. It has boosted movement of citizens within the three member states of East Africa. An East African passport has been introduced. 
       2. It has provided a forum for the East African Leaders to discuss issues harmoniously. 
       3.  It has facilitated the improvement and expansion of transport and communication networks between the three East African countries.
       4. Tariffs for industrial goods produced in East Africa have been reduced. 
       5. Investment procedures have been eased to enable all citizens to invest more easily within the community. 
       6. It has enhanced cooperation of the civil society leading to formation of the Law Society of East Africa and the Business Council of East Africa. 
       7. The community has promoted trade among member states by encouraging citizens to conduct trade in all the countries. 
          (Any 5x2 =10marks)