AGRICULTURE
FORM 2 OPENER EXAM
TERM 2 2021
INSTRUCTIONS
- Answer all the questions
SECTION A (30MKS)
- What is Health (1mk)
- State 4 symptoms of potassium deficiency in crops.(2mks)
- State the information contained in a composite sample of soil before being taken to the laboratory. (1½mks.)
- Give 4 disadvantages of using vegetative propagation materials.(2mks)
- Given that maize is planted at a spacing of 75 by 25 cm. calculate the plant population in a plot of land measuring 8 by 6m. (3mks)
- Differentiate between monocropping and intercropping (1mk)
- Define the following terms as used in agriculture
- Rogueing (1mk)
- Gapping (1mk)
- State any four disadvantages of using non capped multiple stem pruning in coffee.(2mks)
- Give 4 characteristics of a good grain store.(2mks)
- State the intermediate host of the following livestock parasite.
- Taenia solium ½mk
- Taenia sagnata ½mk
- Liver fluke ½mk
- Give 4 control measures of Tse tse flies.(2mks)
- State disadvantages of overhead irrigation.(2mks)
- State the uses of the following farm tools and equipment
- Dibber(1mk)
- Garden trowel (1mk)
- Stock and die (1mk)
- Pipe wrench (1mk)
- State the function of the following materials in preparation of compost manure.
- Well rotten manure (1mk)
- Wood ash (1mk)
- Top soil (1mk)
- Differentiate between Essex saddleback and Wessex saddleback.(1mk)
SECTION B (30MKS)
- The diagram below shows a method of soil sampling
- Name the method illustrated in the diagram above.(1mk)
- State 3 precautions taken when collecting the soil for testing using the above method.(3mks)
- Give 4 reasons why soil from the farm is tested.(4mks)
- The diagram below shows a practice carried out on various crops on the farm. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the farm practice represented by B.(1mk)
- State the importance of the above practice in the following crops
- Maize(1mk)
- Irish potatoes (1mk)
- At what stage of growth should the above practice be carried out in maize. (1mk)
- The diagram below shows Kale seedling attached by a pest.
- Identify the pest.(1mk)
- What damage does that pest causes to the crop.l(1mk)
- State two methods of controlling the pest.(2mks)
- State any 5 general characteristics of indigenous breed of cattle.(5mks)
- State any 5 factors considered when selecting a nursery site.(5mks)
- State conditions that necesiate land clearing (4mks)
SECTION C(40mks)
-
- State and explain 5 characteristics of a fertile soil (10mks)
- State symptoms of attack by a liver flukes in livestock.(5mks)
- describe any five factors influencing crop rotation.(5mks)
-
- Describe reasons for prunning in crops. 5x 2=10mks.
- discuss 5 effects of HIV/AIDS and ill-health on Agriculture.(5mks)
- discuss 5 problems associated with the use of organic manure.(5mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (30MKS)
- Health - a state in which all the body organs or parts and systems are considered normal and are functioning normally. 1mk
- Symptoms of potassium deficiency
- leaf curling
- leaf surface loses chlorophyll and becomes yellowish that is they become chlorotic
- premature leaf fall
- stunted growth
- the edges of the leaf are scortched while the central parts remain green.
4x1/2 = 2mks
- Information contained in composite samples
- name and address of the farmer
- field number
- date of sampling 3x1/2 =11/2 mks
- Disadvantages of using vegetative propagation
- Vegatitive propagation does not result in new crop varieties
- Keeping the materials free from diseases is difficult
- Materials cannot be stored for long
- The materials are bulky and therefore difficult to transport 4x1/2 =2mks
- calculation
- Plant population – area of land/ Spacing of crops
Area of land = 800x 600
75x25
= 256 plants 3mks
- Plant population – area of land/ Spacing of crops
- Differences between monocropping and intercropping
- Monocropping is the practice of growing one type of crop in a farm or one piece of land while intercropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same field at the same time 1mk
-
- Rogueing – uprooting and destroying of infected plant to prevent disease spread 1mk
- Gapping -filling or replacement of the dead seedling in the farm 1mk
- Disadvantages of using non. Capped multiple stem pruning.
- breaking of stems and branches
- difficulty in gathering the berries from top points
- difficulty in spraying the tall bushes
- rotting of stumps with age 4 x1/2= 2mks
- Good grain store
- Rat or vermin proof
- well ventilated
- easy to load and offload
- well secured to minimize theft 4x1/2 =2mks.
- Intermediate host for
- Taenia Solium ……pork 1/2
- Taenia sagnata,,,,,,beef 1/2
- Liver fluke…………fresh water snails
- control measures of tse tse fly
- bush clearing in order to destroy the breeding places of the flies
- spraying their breeding places with suitable insecticides
- use of fly traps with impregnated nets
- use of sterising agents eg radio isotopes on male flies and then releasing them. 4x1/2 = 2mks
- Disadvantages of overhead irrigation
- it may require the establishment of wind break.
- causes soil erosion if it is not properly controlled
- encourages fungal diseases such as blight,CBD and others due to water accumulation on the leaves
- expensive to install 4x1/2 =2mks
-
- Dibber …… used for making holes for transplanting 1mk
- Garden trowel…………for lifting seedlings from the nursery 1mk
- stock and die…………..for cutting thead on pipes 1mk
- Pipe wrench………….for holding tightening and loosening metallic pipes (1mk)
- functions of.
- Well rotten manure—provide nutrient to the microorganisms 1mk
- Wood ash---improves the level of phosphorus and potassium 1mk
- Top soil—introduces micro organisms in the soil 1mk
- Essex saddle back has a black body shoulders and all legs white while wessex saddleback has black body with shoulders and only the front legs white 1mk
SECTION B
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- Method illustrated 1mk
- diagonal/transverse method
- 3 precaution taken (3mks)
- avoid contamination/use sterilized container
- avoid sampling soil from unusual sites e.g ant hills
- avoid mixing top soil with sub soil
- 4 reasons why soil from the farm is tested (4mks)
- To determine the nutrients status of the soil
- To determine the soil type/ph of fertilizer to add to the soil / lime to add to the soil
- to determine the type of crop to grow
- may help in diagnosing using low crop yield / mineral deficiency
- Method illustrated 1mk
-
- farm practice reprsented by B (1mk)
- earthing up
- importance of the above practice .
- Maize …..1mk- provide support to prevent lodging.
- irish potato…..1mk- improves tuber formation
- During second weeding (1mk)
- farm practice reprsented by B (1mk)
-
- identify the pest
- cut worm 1mk
- Damage crops by cutting the base of the stem of seedling after transplanting 1mk
-
- Mixing appropriate insecticide powder with soil in each hole during transplanting 1mk
- Proper weeding 1mk
- identify the pest
- State any 5 general characteristics of indigenous breed of cattle (5mks)
- They have humps that stores fat which is broken down to energy and water in times of starvation
- They are fairly tolerant to high temperatures due to the presence of dewlap and thick hides
- They have high tolerance to tropical diseases ie trapanosomiasis
- They have low production of both meat and milk due to inheritance of poor characteristics
- They have slow growth rate leading to the late maturity
- They can walk for long distances in search of food and water -
- They can stay for long periods without food and water without seriously affecting their performance and body condition
- They have long calving intervals of more than one year
- State any 5 factors considered when selecting a nursery site 5mk
- nearness to water source
- type of soil
- Topography
- previous cropping
- security
- well sheltered place
- state conditions that nececiate land clearing 4mks
- when opening up virgin land
- where a stalk growing crop was previously planted
- where the interval between primary and secondary cultivation is long such that the land has reverted to the original virgin land
- where land was left fallow for a long time
SECTION C
-
- State and explain 5 charasteristics of a fertile soil 10mks
- good depth-deep soils give plant roots greater volume to obtain plant nutrients and provide strong anchorage
- proper drainage- a well drained soil is properly aerated promoting healthy root developmen
- good water holding capacity_ this will ensure that enough water is retained for plant use.
- adequate nutrients supply- soil should supply the nutrients nedded by the plant in the correct amount and in a form that is available to the crops
- correct soil pH - different crops have different soil pH requirements
- free from excessive infestation of soil borne pests and diseases.
- State symptoms of attack by a liverfluke in livestock 5mk
- loss of weight and emaciation
- pot –bellied condition due to watery swelling on the body of the affected animals
- the animal will suffer indigestion
- damage to the liver tissues and haemorrrhage due to the movement of flukes within the liver.
- Anaemic condition due to sucking of blood
- dullness and the animal appearing depressed
- swollen and painful abdomen
- recumbency preceds death
- Describe any 5 factors influencing crop rotation 5mks
- crop root depth-deep roted crops should be alternated with shallow rooted crops
- crop nutrients requirements -heavy or gross feeders should come first in a newly opened land which is relatively fertile
- weed control- crops which are associated with certain weed should be alternated wirh those that are not
- programme as they are attacked by the same pests and diseases
- soil fertility-- leguminous crops should be included to improve soil fertility
- soil structure..when the soil is used continously it should loose and pliable a grass ley should be included to improve soil structure.
- State and explain 5 charasteristics of a fertile soil 10mks
-
- Describe reasons for pruning in crops (5x2)
- to train the plant so that it can have the required shapes
- to remove the diseased and unwanted parts of a plant such as extra suckers,leaves, brances and flowers or even stems
- to control cropping by removing unproportional ratio of vegetative and productive parts
- to facilitate picking
- to ease the penetration of the spray
- it controls pest and diseases - pruning discourages breeding and spreading of pest and diseases
- Effects of hiv/aids and ill health in agriculture
- shortage of farm labour making farm labour very expensive
- increasing cost of living of AIDS patients and relatives
- low living standard lead to hopelessness and lack of motivation to invest in agriculture
- low food supply and poverty in general has increased criminal activities.
- A lot of time and resources are used in controlling the pandemic 5mks
- Problems associated with the use of organic manure
- bulkiness-- they are used in large quantities because they have low nutrients value per unit volume
- labourious in application and transport
- they spread diseases , pests and weeds
- if used when not fully decomposed they doesn’t benefit the plant because they release nutrient which scotch crops
- loss of nutrients if poorly stored 5mks
- Describe reasons for pruning in crops (5x2)
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