History Questions and Answers - Form 2 Term 1 Opener Exams 2023

1. Identify two divisions of history. (2 mks)
2. Give two chemical methods of dating fossils. (2 mks)
3. State two theories that explain the origin of early people. (2 mks)
4. Identify one country in Africa where agriculture began. (1 mk)
5. Name three Maa speakers in Kenya. (3 mks)
6. Name any two Luo groups which settled in Kenya during the pre-colonial period.
7. List three religious functions of the Nandi Orkoiyot. (3 mks)
8. Give three reasons for the building of Fort Jesus. (3 mks)
9. State any two limitations of freedom of movement. (2 mks)
10. Identify two ways of becoming a Kenyan citizen. (2 mks)
11. Define the term conflict resolution. (1 mk)
12. Identify any two levels of a conflict. (2 mks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)   
Answer any three questions from this section.

13.  
    1. Outline five characteristics of Homo Sapiens (5 mks)
    2. Identify and explain two theories that explain the origin and spread of agriculture.   (4 mks)
    3. Give six changes marking agrarian revolution in Britain. (6 mks)
14.  
    1. State five responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (5 mks)
    2. Explain five values of good Kenyan citizenship. (10 mks)
15.  
    1. What is national integration? (2 mks)
    2. Give six importance of national integration. (6 mks)
    3. Identify seven factors limiting national unity. (7 mks)
16.  
    1. Give five causes of conflicts. (5 mks)
    2. Explain five methods of resolving conflicts. (10 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)

1. Identify two divisions of history. (2 mks)
   • Social history
   • Economic history
   • Political history
2. Give two chemical methods of dating fossils. (2 mks)
   • Radio – carbon dating
   • Potassium – argon method
3. State two theories that explain the origin of early people. (2 mks)
   • Mythical/traditional theory
   • Biblical theory
   • Evolution theory
4. Identify one country in Africa where agriculture began. (1 mk)
   • Egypt
5. Name three Maa speakers in Kenya . (3 mks)
   • Maasai
   • Njemps
   • Samburu
6. Name any two Luo groups which settled in Kenya during the pre-colonial period.
   • Joka – jok
   • Joka – Owiny
   • Joka – Omolo
   • The Abasuba      (2 mks)
7. List three religious functions of the Nandi Orkoiyot. (3 mks)
   • Conducting religious ceremonies
   • Foretelling the future
   • Blessing the warriors before going to war
   • Acting as rain maker/medicine man.
8. Give three reasons for the building of Fort Jesus. (3 mks)
   • Acted as hiding place for Portuguese
   • Acted as a watch tower
   • A store for arms
   • A  prison for captives
   • A residing place for Portuguese
9. State any two limitations of freedom of movement. (2 mks)
   • At times of curfew or emergency has been declared.
   • Outbreak of contagious disease
   • Imprisonment
   • Restricted areas e.g. armed forces
10. Identify two ways of becoming a Kenyan citizen. (2 mks)
    • By birth
    • By registration
11. Define the term conflict resolution. (1 mk)
    • This is the process of settling a disagreement or dispute between people.
12.  Identify any two levels of a conflict. (2 mks)
    • Individual versus individual
    • Group versus group
    • Individual versus group
    • Group versus state
    • State versus state.

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

13.  
    1. Outline five characteristics of Homo Sapiens Sapiens. (5 mks)
       • Developed agriculture
       • Developed government
       • Had complex speech
       • Made boats
       • Intelligent and plans a head
       • Had brain capacity of about 1400cc
         
       • Lived in settlements/lived in huts
    2. Identify and explain two theories that explain the origin and spread of agriculture.    (4 mks)
       • Diffusion theory – states that agriculture develop0ed among people of south west Asia and spread to the rest of the world.
       • Independent theory – States that agriculture developed independently especially along river valleys around the world.
    3. Give six changes marking agrarian revolution in Britain. (6 mks)
       • Mechanisation of agriculture
       • Development of plantation agriculture large scale farming
       • Adoption of land enclosure system
       • Modern methods of farming were adopted
       • Application of Scientific princi0ples of farming e.g breeding
       • Abolition of fallows
       • Use of fertilisers
       • Establishment of royal agricultural society
14.  
    1. State five responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. (5 mks)
       • Pay taxes to the government
       • Obey laws of the country
       • Report law broken to the authority
       • Participate in democratic processes e.g voting
       • Ensure proper utilization of public and private facilities
       • Conserve the environment.
       • Maintain high rural standards
       • Being mindful of other people’s welfare
    2. Explain five values of good Kenyan citizenship. (10 mks)
       • Support for good  governance e.g. by paying taxes
       • Maintain integrity – by desisting or avoiding corrupt practices
       • Respect for social justice – e.g. protesting against grabbing of public land and destruction of environment.
       • Respect for human rights – This is to respect not only ones own rights but also other people’s rights in society
       • Patriotism – This is placing the interests of the country above one’s own self interests.
       • Respect for equality of citizens – by knowing that all people are equal before law.
       • Non-discrimination – This is where one should not discriminate anybody e.g. on basis of race, gender and ethnicity.
15.  
    1. What is national integration? (2 mks)
       • National integration is the act of bring together various communities to make one nation.
    2. Give six importance of national integration. (6 mks)
       • Promotes national unity
       • Enhances nationalism and Patriotism
       • Creates favourable investment conditions that attract foreign investment
       • Promotes the achievement of rapid economic development
       • Enhances conditions favourable for peace
       • Eliminates and reduces inter-community conflicts and suspicious.
    3. Identify seven factors limiting national unity. (7 mks)
       • Religious conflicts
       • Ethnicity/tribalism
       • Corruption
       • Cultural conflicts
       • Unequal distribution of resources
       • Racial intolerance/Racism
       • Divisive politics
       • Nepotism
       • Greed
       • Poverty.
16.  
    1. Give five causes of conflicts. (5 mks)
       
       • Border disputes
       • Failure to uphold laws of a country
       • Improper conduction of elections
       • Disputes over natural resources
       • Un-equal allocation of economic resources
       • Differences between employers and employees
       • Tribalism, Nepotism, racism, etc
       • Religious differences.
    2. Explain five methods of resolving conflicts. (10 mks)
       • Arbitration – This is where a neutral person is appointed to solve a conflict among people (a third party)
       • Negotiation – This is a dialogue between two parties intended to resolve a difference
       • Litigation – The disputing groups solve their conflicts in courts
       • Mediation – Neutral person/party try to help the conflicting parties to find a solution or compromise.
       • Diplomacy – Art of negotiating between individuals or countries to resolve conflicts
       • Religious actions – Religious leaders are called to help solve a dispute.
       • Use of elders – Parties involved appear before the elders to solve a conflict
       • Policing – The presence of police offices to help to control crime that brings about conflicts.