History Questions and Answers - Form 2 End Term 3 Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES:

• Answers to all questions in section A, three questions in section B and two questions in section C

SECTION A

Answer all questions from this section.(25marks)

1. Define the term pre-history (1mk)
2. Give two reasons why early man moved from forests to settle in grasslands (2mks)
3. Give two inventions that led to Agrarian Revolution in Britain (2mks
4. Identify two similarities between early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt (2mks)
5. Name the dispersal area of the Eastern Bantus (1mk)
6. State two religious functions performed by Oloibon of the Maasai during pre-colonial period (2mks)
7. Identify two main items of trade from the interior of the Kenya during Long Distance Trade (2mks)
8. Give one condition one must fulfill in order to get a Kenyan citizen by registration (1mk)
9. Outline one political factor which cause conflict in Kenya (1mk)
10. Outline one role played by the middlemen during Trans-Atlantic Trade (1mk)
11. Give two features of Roman Roads by 300 AD (2mks)
12. Identify one invention that revolutionized food preservation during the 19th Century (1mk)
13. State one theory of origin about the knowledge of iron working in Africa (1mk)
14. Give the main factor that led to the growth of ancient Kilwa (1mk)
15. State two functions of the Ssaza chiefs among the Baganda in the 19th Century (2mks)
16. Identify two ways of amending the constitution in Kenya (2mks)
17. Give one advantage of representative democracy (1mk)

SECTION B (45MKS)

Answer any three questions in this section

18.  
    1. State five uses of stone tools by early man (5mks)
    2. Explain five reasons why Africa is regarded as the original homeland of mankind (10mks)
19.  
    1. Name five communities among the Plain Nilotes who settled in Kenya during pre-colonial period (5mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Agikuyu during pre-colonial period (10mks)
20.  
    1. Outline five challenges faced by factory workers in Europe during industrial revolution (5mks)
    2. Describe five factors that have promoted industrialization in South Africa (10mks)
21.  
    1. Give five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th Century (5mks
    2. Explain five functions of Kabaka of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period (10mks)

SECTION C (30MKS)

Answer any two questions in this section

22.  
    1. Identify three peaceful methods of conflict resolution (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors which undermine national unity in Kenya (12mks)
23.  
    1. Give three reasons why the constitution is important in Kenya (3mks)
    2. Explain six ways in which the Bill of Rights protects the rights of individuals (12mks)
24.  
    1. State three development rights of a child (3mks)
    2. Explain six principles of democracy (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25marks)

1. Define the term pre-history (1mk)
   • Study of man’s past activities before writing was invented/unrecorded past human activities
2. Give two reasons why early man moved from forests to settle in grasslands (2mks)
   • Availability of food/wild animals in the grasslands
   • Climate in the grasslands was warmer
   • Grasslands provided much needed water
   • They protected themselves from dangerous animals/enemies
3. Give two inventions that led to Agrarian Revolution in Britain (2mks)
   • Seed drill
   • Horse-drawn hoe
   • Mechanical reaper
   • Selective breeding
   • Introduction of fertilizer
   • Invention of mechanical thresher
   • Selective breeding of livestock
4. Identify two similarities between early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt (2mks)
   • In both agriculture was practiced along river valleys
   • In both farmers depended on flood water for farming
   • In both farmers developed systems of irrigation
   • In both farmers used farm implements made of wood, stone and later metal
   • In both farmers traded in farm produce
   • In both farmers kept indigenous crops and animals
   • In both system of storage and food preservation was developed
5. Name the dispersal area of the Eastern Bantus (1mk)
   • Shungwaya
6. State two religious functions performed by Oloibon of the Maasai during pre-colonial period (2mks)
   • Foretold the future/acted as a seer/prophet
   • Presided over religious functions/ceremonies
   • Blessed the warriors before going to war
   • Was a chief medicine man /rainmaker
7. Identify two main items of trade from the interior of the Kenya during Long Distance Trade (2mks)
   • Ivory
   • Slaves
8. Give one condition one must fulfill in order to get a Kenyan citizen by registration (1mk)
   • One must been lawfully residing in Kenya for at least 7 years
   • A child who is not a Kenyan citizen is adopted by a Kenyan citizen
   • A person must be married to a Kenyan citizen for at least 7 years
9. Outline one political factor which cause conflict in Kenya (1mk)
   • Greed for power
   • Lack of democracy/improper conduct of elections
   • Differences in political ideologies among political parties
   • Exclusion from government/leadership
   • Failure to uphold the laws of the country /rule of law
   • Denial/abuse of citizen’s rights and freedoms
   • Border disputes
10. Outline one role played by the middlemen during Trans-Atlantic Trade (1mk)
    • Obtained goods from the interior
    • Transported goods to and from the coast/acted as porters
    • Exchanged/traded goods with the European traders at the coast
11. Give two features of Roman roads by 300 AD (2mk)
    • They were straight
    • They were well drained
    • They were durable
    • They had bridges /tunnels
12. Identify one invention that revolutionized food preservation during the 19th Century (1mk)
    • Canning
    • Pasteurization
    • Refrigeration
13. State one theory of origin about the knowledge of iron working in Africa (1mk)
    • Diffusion/one area theory
    • Independent theory
14. Give the main factor that led to the growth of ancient Kilwa (1mk)
    • Sofala gold trade
15. State two functions of the Ssaza chiefs among the Baganda in the 19th Century (2mks)
    • Maintained law and order
    • Collected taxes
    • Recruited men for military services
    • Settled disputes/tried cases in courts
    • Advised Kabaka/king/ were members of Lukiko
16. Identify two ways of amending the constitution in Kenya (2mks)
    • Amendment by parliamentary initiative
    • Amendment by popular initiative
17. Give one advantage of representative democracy (1mk)
    • People elect leaders of their own choice
    • Supreme power is vested on the people
    • Quick and easy decision making
    • Elected leaders are accountable to the people

SECTION B (45MKS)

18.  
    1. State five uses of stone tools by early man (5mks
       • Skinning animals
       • Grinding seeds/grains
       • Scrapping animal skins
       • Sharpening weaponsDigging up roots
       • Cutting meat/vegetables/chopping
       • Defense/protection/security
       • Hunting/killing of animals First 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain five reasons why Africa is regarded as the original homeland of mankind (10mks)
       • Availability of forests that provided shelter/habitat/settlement for man
       • Africa is centrally located/lies at the center of Pangea which enabled man to migrate to other parts of the world
       • Presence of many archaeological sites in Africa/oldest fossils of man have been found in Africa
       • Savannah grasslands provided suitable hunting ground for man
       • Presence of many rivers/lakes which provided water for man
       • Presence of good climate which favored human settlement First 5x2=10mks
19.  
    1. Name five communities among the Plain Nilotes who settled in Kenya during pre-colonial period (5mks)
       • Maasai
       • Samburu
       • Njemps /Ilchamus
       • Iteso
       • Turkana First 5x1=5mks
    2. Describe the political organization of the Agikuyu during pre-colonial period (10mks)
       • They decentralized system of government
       • Family was the smallest political unit headed by the father
       • They were organized into clans formed by related familiesEach clan was ruled by a council of elders known was the kiama
       • They had a higher council of elders which acted as the Court of Appeal
       • They had age set comprising of circumcised boys/ which provided warriors
       • The warriors defended the community from external attack   Any 5x2=10mks
20.  
    1. Outline five challenges faced by factory workers in Europe during industrial revolution (5mks)
       • They were paid low wages/salaries
       • They were subjected to long working hours
       • They were exposed to accidents
       • Accident victims were laid off without compensation
       • Inadequate housing/they lived in slums
       • They suffered from diseases due to poor sanitation/pollution First 5x1=5mks
    2. Describe five factors that have promoted industrialization in South Africa
       • Availability of sources of energy to provide power for industries
       • Existence of various minerals such as gold
       • Well-developed transport system/infrastructure to transport raw materials and finished products
       • Availability of both skilled and unskilled manpower required in industries
       • Availability of capital to set up industries
       • Presence of internal and external market for the manufactured goods
       • Political stability in the country which attracted investors
       • High quality of goods that led to increased demand by locals and foreigners First 5x2=10mks
21.  
    1. Give five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th Century (5mks)
       • They grew crops
       • They carried out trade
       • They were involved in mining
       • They practiced traditional craft and art/pottery/basketry/pottery
       • They practiced iron smithing/blacksmithing /were iron workers
       • They kept livestock
       • They practiced fishing
       • They practiced hunting and gathering First 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain five functions of Kabaka of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period (10mks)
       • He was the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces
       • Appointed/dismissed Ssaza chiefs/senior government officials
       • He was the head of traditional religion, Lubale
       • He was the head of judiciary/final court of appeal
       • Awarded honors to officers who offered distinguished services
       • He was the head of the Buganda Kingdom First 5x2=10mks

SECTION C (30MKS) 

22. 1. Identify three peaceful methods of conflict resolution (3mks)
       • Mediation
       • Negotiation/Diplomacy
       • Arbitration
       • LegislationUse of elders/religious leaders
       • Litigation/Court Action
       • Reconciliation First 3x1=3mks
    2. Explain six factors which undermine national unity in Kenya (12mks)
       • Unequal distribution of resources which creates disparity in terms of development
       • Tribalism. Favoring one’s tribe which creates hatred
       • Religious differences brought by intolerance to other people’s faith
       • Racism- discrimination based on skin colour creates suspicion
       • Ideological difference/ political differences/divisive politics divides the people into political camps
       • Corruption/greed/bribery leading to few people embezzling wealth at the expense of other creates hatred
       • Terrorism/radicalization creates a state of lawlessness/anarchy/ fear and suspicion
       • Ignorance- leads to intolerance of the views of others
       • Cultural intolerance among different communities creates hostility
       • Poverty –creates a state of lawlessness/increase in crime in the society First 6x2=12mks
23.  
    1. Give three reasons why the constitution is important in Kenya (3mks)
       • It defines the structure and functions/powers of the branches of government
       • It clearly states the rights and responsibilities of citizens
       • It spells out the responsibilities of those in power/promote good governanceIt ensures equality of all Kenyans
       • It is the basis all legislation in the country First 5x1=5mks
    2. Explain six ways in which the Bill of Rights protects the rights of individuals (12mks)
       • Provides the right to own property anywhere in the country
       • Guarantees a person’s right to life –taking away life is punishable by law
       • Provides for freedom of conscience such as the freedom of worship
       • Guarantees freedom of association/assembly with people of their own choice without harassment
       • Provides protection against slavery and forced labor i.e. one choose whom to work for, wages
       • Protects individuals against arbitrary arrest and detention
       • Provides freedom of movement where individuals move freely in any part of the country First 6x2=12mks
24.  
    1. State three development rights of a child (3mks)
       • Right to education
       • Right to play /leisure
       • Right to access information that affects a child’s life
       • Right to social security
       • Right to parental love First 3x1=3mk
    2. Explain six principles of democracy (12mks)
       • Consent of the people –The supreme power is vested on the people
       • Equality among the people regardless of colour, race, sex
       • Peace-freedom from all forms of intimidation and unrest
       • Balance of liberty of the individual with the powers of the state
       • Transparency and accountability in all institutions/organs of government
       • Free competition for political powers among different ideologies
       • Free press- independent and objective press
       • Regular free and fair elections to enable citizens express their free will
       • Multi-partism-presence of many political parties which bring different ideas and policies to the people
       • Economic freedom through private ownership of property and free market economy
       • Bill of rights which protects rights and freedom of all individuals
       • Rule of law-Equality of everyone before the law First 6x2=12mks