Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 3 Exams 2021

INSTRUCTIONS.

• Answer All the questions.

1.  
   1. Name three mining methods. (3mks)
   2. State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of petroleum. (3mks)
2.  
   1. List two factors that determine the distribution of forests in Kenya. (2mks)
   2. Give three economic uses of mangrove forest. (3mks)
3. The diagram below shows the occurrence of petroleum in the earth’s crust. Use it to answer question (a).
            
   
   1. Name the substance in the area labeled L, M and N. (3mks)
   2. Give two by products obtained when crude oil is refined. (2mks)
4. Name five uses of soda ash. (5mks)
5. State five factors that have led to the reduction of the area under forest on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. (5mks)
6. Study the photograph below and use it to answer question (a)
                    
   
   1.  
      1. What evidence shows that this is a ground general – view photograph? (2mks)
      2. Draw a rectangle measuring 12cm by 8 cm. (1mk)
      3. On the rectangle sketch and label the following features shown on the photographs. (5mks)
         • Planted crops
         • Tree stumps
         • Forest
         • Felled trees
         • The sky
      4. Describe the characteristics of the forest shown on the photograph. (5mks)
   2. Explain four measures being taken by the government of Kenya to control human encroachment on forested areas. (8mks)
   3. Give the differences between softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings.
      1. Tree harvesting (2mks)
      2. Marketing of forest products. (2mks)
   4. Explain four problems facing forestry in Kenya. (8mks)
   5.  
      1. What is Agro forestry? (2mks)
      2. Give four reasons why Agro forestry is encouraged in Kenya. (4mks)
      3. Use the map of Kenya below to answer questions.
         
         
         1. Name the forest reserves marked H, J and K. (3mks)
         2. Explain four factors that favour the growth of natural forest in the area marked L. (8mks)
      4. Explain two benefits of petroleum mining to economies of Middle East countries. (2mks)
7. The table below shows the quantities of minerals produced in Kenya in tones between year 2001 and 2005. Use it to answer questions a(i) and (II)
   Source economic survey 2006
   

   Mineral/ year	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005
   Soda ash	297,789	304,110	352,560	353,835	360,161
   Flourspar	11,885	85,015	80,201	117,986	26,595
   Salt	5,664	18,848	21,199	31,139	26,595
   Others	6,093	7,000	4,971	6,315	8,972

   
   
   1.  
      1. Calculate the average annual production of soda ash over the 5 years period. (1 mk)
      2. Calculate the total mineral production for the year 2003. (1mk)
   2. The diagram below shows shaft mining.
               
      
      1. Name the part marked E, F, G. (3mks)
      2. State three problems associated with shaft mining. (3mks)
   3. Explain four ways in which gold mining has contributed to the economy of South Africa. (8mks)
   4. Explain three negative effects of mining on the environment.(6mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.  
   1. Name three mining methods. (3mks)
      • Open cast mining/surface mining
      • Underground mining
      • Alluvial mining/placer mining
   2. State three conditions that are necessary for the formation of petroleum. (3mks)
      • Presence/deposition of remains of flora and fauna.
      • Presence of non-porous rocks underneath the deposit of flora and fauna.
      • Deposition of other layers of rocks/non-porous rocks over the remains of flora and fauna.
      • Compression of remains of flora and fauna due to folding of the layers of rock.
2.  
   1. List two factors that determine the distribution of forests in Kenya. (2mks)
      • Climate/ rainfall/temperature
      • Altitude
      • Relief
      • Soil
      • Human activities
   2. Give three economic uses of mangrove forest. (3mks)
      • Provide poles for construction.
      • Source of fuel
      • For export/ earn foreign exchange/ income
      • The bark are source of tannis
3. The diagram below shows the occurrence of petroleum in the earth’s crust. Use it to answer question (a).
   1. Name the substance in the area labeled L, M and N. (3mks)
      • M – Oil /petroleum
      • L – Gas
      • N - Water
   2. Give two by products obtained when crude oil is refined. (2mks)
      • Bitumen / tar -wax
      • Lubricants/grease -sulphur
      • Resin / petrol -chemicals
4. Name five uses of soda ash. (5mks)
   • Glass manufacture
   • Paper making
   • Used in oil refinery
   • Used in textile industry
   • Used in soap manufacture
5. State five factors that have led to the reduction of the area under forest on the slopes of Mt. Kenya. (5mks)
   • The government policy of degazetement has allowed illegal cultivation.
   • Increased population of elephants that destroy trees.
   • Prolonged drought have caused drying up of some trees.
   • Plant diseases and pests destroy some trees in trees in the forest.
   • Outbreak of forest fire destroy part of the forest
6. Study the photograph below and use it to answer question (a)
   1.  
      1. What evidence shows that this is a ground general – view photograph? (2mks)
         • The photographs captures the broad view of the area is captured.
         • The focus is on many objects
         • The objects become progressively smaller towards the background.
      2. Draw a rectangle measuring 12cm by 8 cm. (1mk)
         
      3. On the rectangle sketch and label the following features shown on the photographs. (5mks)
         • Planted crops
         • Tree stumps
         • Forest
         • Felled trees
         • The sky
      4. Describe the characteristics of the forest shown on the photograph. (5mks)
         • The forest has tall trees
         • The trees have straight stems/trunks
         • The forest has some shrubs/undergrowth.
         • Some trees have thin stems
         • The trees are close to each other/ dense forest.
         • Trees have different layers/canopies.
   2. Explain four measures being taken by the government of Kenya to control human encroachment on forested areas. (8mks)
      • Gazettement of forested areas to delimit the areas and reduce encroachment by the public.
      • Evicting people who have encroached forested areas in oder to rehabilitate the forests.
      • Educating the public/creating awareness on the importance of conserving forests to gain their support.
      • Enacting laws to prohibit cutting trees within the gazette area.
      • Fencing off forested areas to keep away any intruders into the forest.
   3. Give the differences between softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings.
      1. Tree harvesting (2mks)
         • In Kenya harvesting of trees is done throughout the year while in Canada harvesting is done in winter and early spring.
      2. Marketing of forest products. (2mks)
         • In Kenya forest products are mainly sold locally wheareas forest product in Canada remain exported.
   4. Explain four problems facing forestry in Kenya. (8mks)
      • Rapid increase in population has led to encroachment into forest land hence destruction of forest.
      • Occurrence of forest fire which have led to the destruction of large areas under forest.
      • Illegal logging/indiscriminate cutting of trees thereby reducing indigenous tree species.
      • Attacks by pest/diseases has led to destination of valuable tree species.
   5.  
      1. What is Agroforestry? (2mks)
         • Is land use practice where there is growing of trees and crops on the same piece of land and at the same time.
      2. Give four reasons why Agroforestry is encouraged in Kenya. (4mks)
         • To ensure continuous supply of wood fuel conserve forests.
         • Provide raw materials for industries.
         • To conserve soils
         • To provide fruits/food for human consumption.
         • To provide fodder for animals.
      3. Use the map of Kenya below to answer questions.
         1. Name the forest reserves marked H, J and K. (3mks)
            • H – Mt. Elgon
            • J – Mt. Kenya
            • K - Arabukosokoke
         2. Explain four factors that favour the growth of natural forest in the area marked L. (8mks)
            • The area receive high rainfall 1000 – 1500mm per year which encourage the growth of trees.
            • The areas has deep well drained volcanic soils that allow the roots to penetrate deep into the ground.
            • The area had moderate to high temperature that allow growth of a variety of trees.
            • The area is gazette forest hence settlement/cultivation is prohibited.
            • Some areas are steep which discourage settlement and allow for forest growth.
      4. Explain two benefits of petroleum mining to economies of Middle East countries. (2mks)
         • The countries earn foreign exchange which is use to develop other sector of the economy.
         • Petroleum is used as raw material leading to the growth of petroleum related industries.
         • Petroleum mining has ked to creation of employment of local population raising the standard of living.
7. The table below shows the quantities of minerals produced in Kenya in tones between year 2001 and 2005. Use it to answer questions a(i) and (II) 
   Source economic survey 2006
   1.  
      1. Calculate the average annual production of soda ash over the 5 years period. (2mks)
         • =1668446.5
           =333689.2 tonnes
      2. Calculate the total mineral production for the year 2003. (1mk)
         • = 458931 tonnes
   2. The diagram below shows shaft mining.
      1. Name the part marked E, F, G. (3mks)
         • E – Main shaft / vertical shaft
         • F – tunnels / horizontal shaft
         • G – mineral ore
      2. State three problems associated with shaft mining. (3mks)
         • There are occasional emission of poison gases in the mines.
         • The dust produced causes respiratory diseases.
         • Sometimes tunnel collapse causing death of miners.
   3. Explain four ways in which gold mining has contributed to the economy of South Africa. (8mks)
      • Gold is highly priced thus earn foreign exchange which improve other sector of economy.
      • Gold provide raw material for industry that make jewellery and other highly valued items.
      • Gold as a medium of exchange in the world is used in South Africa as a mean of paying international debts.
      • Gold mining industry has generated employment opportunities which raises standard of living of the people.
   4. Explain three negative effects of mining on the environment.(6mks)
      • The dumping of rock waste had led to the loss of biodiversity/ destruction of natural vegetation.
      • Dereliction of land due to dumping of waste materials / is an open scars destroy the natural beauty of the land.
      • Pollution of areas by noise/blasts/smoke and water pools are all health hazards.
      • Mining destructs the water table which may lead to shortage of water.