Agriculture Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 1 Opener Exams 2021

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Business Studies Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 1 Opener Exams 2021

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Define the following terms as used in livestock breeding (2mks)
1. Hybrid Vigour (Heterosis)
2. Epistasis
3. Outbreeding
4. Close breeding
Outline four factors to consider when selecting a breeding stock (4mks)
State any two disadvantages of inbreeding (1mk)
List any four signs of heat in cattle (2mks)
Just before birth, a farmer noticed that the hind legs and the tail of a calf were showing at the vulva.
1. What name is given to this type of presentation? (1mk)
2. Suggest a precaution the farmer should take under such conditions (1mk)
State the common signs of parturition in Sows (2mks)
Differentiate between the following Livestock management practices (2mks)
1. Crutching and Ringing
2. Flushing and steaming-up
State four methods of identification in livestock production.( 2mks)
1. Name two types of castration (1mk)
2. Name any two kinds of livestock where a rubber ring can be used for castration (1mk)
Highlight any five general methods of disease control (5mks)
The diagram below shows the reproductive system of a hen.
1. Name the parts labeled B, C , D and E (2mks)
2. In which part does fertilization of the ova take place (1mk)
3. State the roles of C and E in egg formation (2mk)
State the gestation period for each of the following animals (2mks)
1. Cow
2. Sow
3. Ewe
4. Rabbit
State the advantages of using organic mulch in farming (4mks)
Give four reasons that would cause swarming of bees (4mks)
Calculate the amount of K₂O that would be contained in 600kg of a compound fertilizer, 30:20:10(N: P₂O₅: K2O respectively) (3mks)
Name two common methods of preserving fish (1mk)
Below is a method of identifying a cow
1. Name the method of identification illustrated above (1mk)
2. Name the tool used to carry out the practice ( 1mk)
3. From the diagram state the number of the animal (1mk)
4. Using the diagram, illustrate how you would identify an animal number 18
5. State any four reasons for carrying out identification of animals. (2mks)
Name four predisposing factors of animal diseases within an animal’s body.( 2mks)
Why is the use of manure discouraged in carrot production? (1mk)
Name two types of bees kept by the farmers (1mk)

Marking Scheme

Define the following terms as used in livestock breeding (2mks)
1. Hybrid Vigour (Heterosis)
  - This refers to increased vigour and performance resulting from crossing two unrelated superior breeds.
2. Epistasis
  - This is the combination of genes which could have otherwise been inferior or undesirable
3. Outbreeding
  - Mating of animals which are not related
4. Close breeding
  - Breeding of very closely related animals
Outline four factors to consider when selecting a breeding stock (4mks)
- Age- young animals that have not given birth more than three times
- Level of performance- select highly productive animals
- Physical fitness- select animals free from physical defect
- Health- select only healthy animals
- Behavior- cull animals with bad behaviors
- Good mothering ability
- Well adapted to environment
- Highly prolific
- Select animals producing high quality products
State any two disadvantages of inbreeding (1mk)
- Loss of hybrid vigour
- Decline in fertility
- Reduction in performance
- High pre-natal mortality
List any four signs of heat in cattle (2mks)
- Mounting on others and standing still when mounted
- Slight rise in body temperature
- Drop in milk yield
- Swelling and reddening of the vulva
- Slimy discharge from the vulva
- Mooing frequently
Just before birth, a farmer noticed that the hind legs and the tail of a calf were showing at the vulva.
1. What name is given to this type of presentation? (1mk)
  - Breech Presentation/ malpresentation
2. Suggest a precaution the farmer should take under such conditions (1mk)
  - Assist the cow by repositioning to normal presentation
  - Consult or seek the services of a qualified veterinary office
State the common signs of parturition in Sows (2mks)
- Restlessness
- Vulva turns red and swells
- The udder becomes full with milky fluid
- Sow builds a nest
Differentiate between the following Livestock management practices (2mks)
1. rutching and Ringing
  - Crutching is the cutting of wool around the reproductive system of the ewe while ringing is the shearing of wool around the sheath of the ram around the service
2. Flushing steaming-up
  - Flushing – giving animal high nutritive feed before service while steaming up is the practice of giving an animal extra feed of high nutritive value during the last weeks of gestation.
State four methods of identification in livestock production.( 2mks)
- Branding
- Tattooing
- Neck strap / chain
- Ear tagging
- Ear notching
1. Name two types of castration (1mk)
  - Open
  - Closed
2. Name any two kinds of livestock where a rubber ring can be used for castration(1mk)
  - Bull, ram, Buck
Highlight any five general methods of disease control (5mks)
- Proper selection and breeding
- Proper housing
- Parasite control
- Proper disposal of carcass
- Imposition of quarantine
- Observing high degree of hygiene
- Isolation
- Proper feeding and nutrition
- Treatment, prophylaxis and vaccination
The diagram below shows the reproductive system of a hen.
1. Name the parts labeled B, C , D and E (2mks)
  - B-Funnel/ infundibulum
  - C- Magnum
  - D- Isthmus
  - E- Uterus/ shell gland
2. In which part does fertilization of the ova take place (1mk)
  - B
3. State the roles of C and E in egg formation (2mk)
  - C- Addition of thick albumen
  - E- Addition of the shell and shell pigments and more albumen
State the gestation period for each of the following (2mks)
1. Cow
  - 270-285 days
2. Sow
  - 113-117 days
3. Ewe
  - 150 days
4. Rabbit
  - 28-32 days
state the advantages of using organic mulch in farming( 4mks)
- Reduces loss of moisture
- Improves soil fertility after decomposition
- Reduces splash erosion
- Regulates soil temperature
- Improves soil humus
- Improves water infiltration
- Helps to control pests
- Improves soil structure
Give four reasons that would cause swarming of bees (4mks)
- Overcrowding
- Sick / infertile queen
- Dampness
- Lack of adequate ventilation
- Shortage of food and water
- Outbreak of parasites and diseases
Calculate the amount of K₂O that would be contained in 600kg of a compound fertilizer, 30:20:10(N:P₂O₅:K2O respectively)( 3mks)
10kg K₂O is contained in 100kg of the fertilizer;
600kg fertilizer= 10 × 600
100
=60 Kg K₂O
Name two common methods of preserving fish (1mk)
- Sun drying
- Smoking
- Salting
- Freezing/ refrigeration
Below is a method of identifying a cow
1. Name the method of identification illustrated above (1mk)
  - Ear notching
2. name the tool used to carry out the practice ( 1mk)
  - Ear notcher
3. From the diagram state the number of the animal (1mk)
  - 41
4. Using the diagram, illustrate how you would identify an animal number 18
5. State any four reasons for carrying out identification of animals. (2mks)
  - Allows selection of breeding purposes
  - Enables culling of low producing animals
  - Facilitates appropriate treatment of animals
  - Stolen animals are easily recovered
  - Enhances good record keeping
  - Enhance proper feeding
Name four predisposing factors of animal diseases within an animal’s body.( 2mks)
- Age of the animal
- Color of the animal
- Sex of the animal
- Breed of the animal
- Presence of wounds
- Body conformation
- Physiological conditions
Why is the use of manure discouraged in carrot production? (1mk)
- It induces forking of carrots hence reducing the quality of the produce
Name two types of bees kept by the farmers (1mk)
- African bee
- European bee