Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 3 Opener Exams 2023

                                                                                     SECTION A: (30 MARKS)

1. State four factors that affect quality of honey. (2 mks)
2. State four adaptive characteristics of goats to arid and semi-arid areas. (2 mks)
3. List two methods used in computation of feed rations. (1 mk)
4. Distinguish between apiculture and aquaculture. (2 mks)
5. List four advantages of using concrete as a construction material. (4 mks)
6. Mention four symptoms observed on livestock attacked by roundworms. (2 mks)
7. What is the functional differences between hack saw and pruning saw. (1 mk)
8. Give the correct name of the breeding system outlined below. (2 mks)
   1. Breeding of very closely related animals –
   2. Breeding of two unrelated animals within the same breed –
   3. Mating of distantly related animals that share a common ancestor –
   4. Breeding of unrelated animals belonging to different breeds –
9. State two roles of micro-organisms found in the rumen in ruminant animals. (2 mks)
10. Mention two livestock rearing practices that make animals docile. (1 mk)
11. Name the camel breed that is adapted to cooler regions. (1 mk)
12. Name three species of farm animals that are affected by louse. (1 ½ mks)
13. Complete the table below (2 mks)
    

    Animal	Parturition term	Gestation period
    Goats
    Rabbits
    Pigs
    Cattle

14. Mention one distinguishing external feature of the following livestock breeds:- (2 mks)
    1. Bactrian camel –
    2. Large white pig –
    3. Dorper sheep –
    4. Galloway breed of cattle –
15. Identify three areas infested with a three-host tick on a Boran bull. (1 ½ mks)
16. State four reasons for maintaining livestock tools. (2 mks)
17. What four conditions that may lead to culling of a breeding boar. (2 mks)
18. Identify two practices carried out to increase timber durability. (1 mk)

                                                                                    SECTION B: (20 MARKS)

Answer all the questions from this section.

19. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
                         
    1. Identify a disease that is likely to affect the part labeled J. (1 mk)
    2. Name two operations that can be carried out on the part labeled K. (2 mks)
    3. Name one tool used to carry out the operation on the part labeled L. (1 mk)
    4. Name the part labeled M. (1 mk)
20. The illustrations below show three different ways some hens are debeaked.
    
    1. Which of the hens E, F, and G was correctly debeaked? (1 mk)
    2. Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1 mk)
    3. Apart from debeaking, give three other ways of controlling egg-eating in a flock of layers.    (3 mks)
21. The diagram below illustrates digestive system of a hen.
     
    1. Name the parts labeled P, Q and R. (3 mks)
       P ……………………………….. Q …………………………. R …………………………
    2. State two features of part K to its function. (2 mks)
22. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Name the practice shown above. (1 mk)
    2. State the method illustrated above. (1 mk)
    3. Give the identification number of the pig illustrated above. (1 mk)
    4. Using a diagram, illustrate how animal number 83 can be drawn. (2 mks)

                                                                               SECTION C:

Answer any two questions from this section.

23.  
    1. Discuss ten factors considered when selecting a breeding stock. (10 mks)
    2. State and explain five pre-disposing factors of livestock diseases. (10 mks)
24.  
    1. State and explain the functions of five complimentary farm tools and equipment. (10 mks)
    2. Discuss five factors that determine the amount of water taken by an animal.  (10 mks)
25.  
    1. Discuss five structural requirements of a calf pen. (10 mks)
    2. State ten general characteristics of exotic beef cattle breeds . (10 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

                                                                              SECTION A: (30 MARKS)

1. State four factors that affect quality of honey. (2 mks)
   • Age/maturity of honey
   • Method of harvesting
   • Method of processing
   • Type of plants from where nectar was sourced
2. State four adaptive characteristics of goats to arid and semi-arid areas. (2 mks)
   • Feed on wide range of vegetation
   • Require little amount of water
   • Are tolerant to high temperatures
   • Are fairly resistant to diseases
   • Walk long distances without losing weight.
3. List two methods used in computation of feed rations. (1 mk)
   • Trial and error
   • Using Pearson’s square method
4. Distinguish between apiculture and aquaculture. (2 mks)
   • Apiculture: Bee keeping
   • Aquaculture, Rearing fish in fish pond.
5. List four advantages of using concrete as a construction material. (4 mks)
   • Strong and durable
   • Resistant to fire
   • Resistant to insect damage
   • Resistant to rotting and weather elements
   • Easy to clean
   • Can be moulded into various shapes
6. Mention four symptoms observed on livestock attacked by roundworms. (2 mks)
   • Dry/starring coat
   • Emaciation
   • Diarrhoea
   • Anaemia
   • Anorexia
   • Pot-bellies in young animals
7. What is the functional differences between hack saw and pruning saw. (1 mk)
   • Hack saw – Cutting metal rods and plates
   • Pruning saw: - Cutting hard branches
8. Give the correct name of the breeding system outlined below. (2 mks)
   • Breeding of very closely related animals – Close breeding
   • Breeding of two unrelated animals within the same breed – Out crossing
   • Mating of distantly related animals that share a common ancestor – Line breeding
   • Breeding of unrelated animals belong to different animals – Cross breeding
9. State two roles of micro-organisms found in the rumen in ruminant animals. (2 mks)
   • Some synthesise amino acids
   • Secrete cellulose that breakdown cellulose
   • Some help in synthesis of Vitamin B complex and K.
10. Mention two livestock rearing practices that make animals docile. (1 mk)
    • Dehorning
    • Castration/caponization
11. Name the camel breed that is adapted to cooler regions. (1 mk)
    • Bactrian
12. Name three species of farm animals that are affected by louse. (1 ½ mks)
    • Sheep
    • Poultry
    • Bees
13. Complete the table below (2 mks)
    
    

    Animal	Parturition term	Gestation period
    Goats	Kidding	150 days
    Rabbits	Kindling	28-32 days
    Pigs	Farrowing	113-117 days
    Cattle	Calving	270 – 285 days

14. Mention one distinguishing external feature of the following livestock breeds:- (2 mks)
    1. Bactrian camel – Have two humps; body covered with fur
    2. Large white pig – Blue spots on the body
    3. Dorper sheep – Black head – white body
    4. Galloway breed of cattle – Long black hair with brown tinge
15. Identify three areas infested with a three-host tick on a Boran bull. (1 ½ mks)
    • Ears
    • Udder
    • Tail switch
16. State four reasons for maintaining livestock tools. (2 mks)
    • To increase durability
    • To reduce replacement cost
    • To increase efficiency
    • To avoid injury to user
    • To avoid damage to the tool
17. What four conditions that may lead to culling of a breeding boar. (2 mks)
    • Low libido/fertility
    • Overweight
    • Serious physical injury
    • Old age
    • Infection from Chronic disease
    • Need to control breeding
18. Identify two practices carried out to increase timber durability. (1 mk)
    • Seasoning
    • Chemical treatment

                                                                                   SECTION B: (20 MARKS)

Answer all the questions from this section.

19. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Identify a disease that is likely to affect the part labeled J. (1 mk)
       • Mastitis
    2. Name two operations that can be carried out on the part labeled K. (2 mks)
       • Ear notching
       • Ear tagging
       • Ear tatooing
    3. Name one tool used to carry out the operation on the part labeled L. (1 mk)
       • Dehorning saw/wire
       • Rubber ring and elastrator
    4. Name the part labeled M. (1 mk)
       • Dewlap
20. The illustrations below show three different ways some hens are debeaked.
    
    1. Which of the hens E, F, K ,L and G was correctly debeaked? (1 mk)
       • F
    2. Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1 mk)
       • Upper beak used for pecking others/objects/eggs
    3. Apart from debeaking, give three other ways of controlling egg-eating in a flock of layers.    (3 mks)
       • Collect eggs regularly
       • Supply green leaves to keep birds busy
       • Cull perpetual egg eaters
21. The diagram below illustrates digestive system of a hen.
    
    1. Name the parts labeled P, Q and R. (3 mks)
       P – Crop                    Q – Gall bladder                         R- Caecum
    2. State two features of part K to its function. (2 mks)
       • Tough muscles
       • Presence of grit(sand)
       • Ridged on the inside
22. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
    
    1. Name the practice shown above. (1 mk)
       • Identification
    2. State the method illustrated above. (1 mk)
       • Ear notching
    3. Give the identification number of the pig illustrated above. (1 mk)
       • 106
    4. Using a diagram, illustrate how animal number 83 can be drawn. (2 mks)
       

                                                                                           SECTION C:

Answer any two questions from this section.

23.  
    1. Discuss ten factors considered when selecting a breeding stock. (10 mks)
       • Age: – Young animals (those that have parturated for not more them three times) should be selected.
       • Prolificacy: - Animals with ability to give birth to many off-springs at a time should be selected.
       • Level of performance: - animals with the highest production level are considered
       • Physical fitness: - Selected animals should be free from any physical defects e.g. limp limping, scrotal hernia among others.
       • Adaptability: - Selected animals should cope well to the prevailing climatic conditions in the area.
       • Temperament or behavior:- Selected animals should not show undesirable behavior e.g. kicking in dairy cattle.
       • Mothering ability: - Animals selected should have good natural instinct towards their young ones.
       • Health: Animals selected must be healthy
       • Body conformation: - Animals selected should have proper body shape as per the type e.g. wedge for dairy cattle.
       • Quality of products: Selected animals should give products of high quality.
         (1 x 10)
    2. State and explain five pre-disposing factors of livestock diseases. (10 mks)
       • Sex of the animal: Certain diseases only attack male or female animals due to their different organs e.g. orchitis only attack males.
         Age of the animal: Certain diseases only affect animals of a certain age group e.g. pneumonia in calves
       • Colour of the animal: Body colour can pre-dispose an animal e.g. heat stress in black animals or photosensitization in light pigmented skins.
       • Species of the animal: some diseases affect certain species of animals e.g. Newcastle in poultry.
       • Breed of the animal: Certain breeds of animals get affected by certain diseases e.g. Cancer of the eye affecting Hereford breed of cattle.
         (2 x 5)
24.  
    1. State any explain the functions of five complimentary farm tools and equipment.     (10 mks)
       • Elastrator and rubber ring: Expanding the rubber ring while castrating, docking or dehorning.
       • Hypodermic needle and syringe: Injecting medicine/vaccine into animals as well as extracting blood samples for analysis.
       • Bull ring and lead stick: Restraining bulls and oxen.
       • Trocar and canula: - Removal of gases which cause bloat in ruminants.
       • Bit and brace: - Holding and turning wood bits to bore holes in the wood.
       • Ball pair hammer and cold chisel: Striking the head of cold chisel during cutting of thick sheets of metal.
         (2 x 5)
    2. Discuss five factors that determine the amount of water taken by an animal.  (10 mks)
       • Ambient temperature: - animals need more water when it is hot due to high rate of sweating
       • Type of feed eaten: - animals drink a lot after consuming dry feeds then when they eat succulent feeds.
       • Level of production: animals producing milk or eggs require more water. Draught animals need more water due to sweating.
       • Weight/body size of the animal: Fat and heavy animals require more water than lean0 and light animals.
       • Species of the animals: Cattle for example can need more water than camels under same environmental conditions.
         (2 x 5)
25.  
    1. Discuss five structural requirements of a calf pen. (10 mks)
       • Concrete floors: - It makes cleaning easy.
       • Adequate space: - Should be large enough to allow exercise, feeding and watering equipment.
       • Single housing: Should only allow one calf per pen.
       • Proper lighting: - Should allow enough lights which is necessary for synthesis of vitamin D.
       • Proper drainage: - The area should be well drained to prevent dampness which can pre-dispose the calf to infections.
       • Draught free: - The pen should not allow in cold wind; as it pre-disposes calf to pneumonia.
       • Leak proof roof: The roof should not allow water in to avoid wellness in the pen.
         (2 x 5)
    2.  State ten general characteristics of exotic beef cattle breeds . (10 mks)
       • Blocky in shape/appear square/rectangular.
       • Have deep well fleshed bodies.
       • Grow fast leading to early maturity.
       • Efficient converters of food into meat and fat.
       • Are good foragers/have reduced selective grazing.
       • Maintain good weight even during drought.
       • Are tolerant to high temperatures.
       • They breed regularly
       • More tolerant to diseases
       • Have short stray legs.