Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 1 Opener Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS:

This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in sections A and B and any two questions in section C.
All answers must be written in the spaces provided.

SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.

Name three types of specialized feeding carried out in livestock management. (1 ½ mks)
Name the breed of sheep adapted to wet and marshy conditions of Kenya highlands. (1 mk)
Give two ways of sterilizing a milk churn. (1 mk)
Define the term epistasis as used in livestock production. (1mk)
Name two methods used in ration computation. (1mk)
Give five reasons for care and maintenance of farm tools and equipment (2½ mks)
Give two reasons for throwing grains to poultry on the litter in a deep litter poultry house. (2mks)
What are the terms used to describe the young ones of the following livestock. (2mk)
1. Rabbits –
2. Fish –
3. Goat –
4. Donkey -
Name the causal organisms of the following diseases in livestock. (2mk)
1. East coast fever -
2. Trypanosomiasis -
3. Rift Valley fever -
4. Anaplasmosis -
Give four reasons for castrating farm animals. (2mk)
List any three light breads of poultry (1½)
Give two qualities of a creep feed that makes it suitable for piglets (2mk)
State four management practices carried out in sheep during preparation for tupping. (2mk)
Name any two plumbing tools (1mk)
List two symptoms of bloat attack in cattle (1mk)
What do you understand by the following terms as used in livestock health? (2mk)
1. Predisposing factors –
2. Rigor mortise -
Name four control measures of fleas in a flock of layers (2mk)
Differentiate between the following tools (2mk)
1. A sickle and secateurs -
2. A pair of tin snip and a pipe wrench -
What is the vector of Nagana? (½ mk)

SECTION B: (20MARKS)
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1. Compute 200kg feed ration with 20% DCP from maize with 10% DCP and cotton seed cake containing 45% DCP. (4mk)
2. Name two feed ingredients that should be added to balance the feed ration above. (2mk)
3. Name two advantages of using a sub-soiler during land preparation (2mk)
The diagram H and J show two types of fences
1. Identify each type of fence (2mk)
  1. H -
  2. J -
2. Name the correct material and correct tool for fastening wooden posts when constructing the types of fence illustrated in diagram H. (2mk)
  1. Material –
  2. Tool -
3. State three advantages that fence J may have over fence H (3mk)
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
1. Name the type of identification illustrated above (1mk)
2. Give the identification number of the pig illustrated above (1mk)
3. Using a diagram, illustrate how animal number 83 can be identified using the above method. (2mk)
4. What is the use of metal rails in a farrowing pen (1mk)

SECTION C: (40 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

1. Describe any four general effects of parasites on livestock (8mk)
2. Name two causes of livestock diseases (2mk)
3. Describe East Coast Fever (E.C.F.) under the following subheadings
  1. Animals attacked (1mk)
  2. Causal agent (1mk)
  3. Vector (1mk)
  4. Symptoms (5mk)
  5. Control (2mk)
1. Explain the uses of the various hand tools in the construction of the Kenya top bar hive. (12mk)
2. Describe the management practices that would ensure maximum yield of fish in a fish pond. (8mk)
1. Describe various cultural uses of livestock (8mk)
2. Describe various livestock rearing practices (12mk)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

Name three types of specialized feeding carried out in livestock management. (1 ½ mks)
- Creep feeding
- Flushing
- Steaming up
Name the breed of sheep adapted to wet and marshy conditions of Kenya highlands. (1 mk)
- Romney marsh / kent
Give two ways of sterilizing a milk churn. (1 mk)
- Wash with hot and suitable detergent
- Use chemical sterilizers
- Drying in the sun
Define the term epistasis as used in livestock production. (1mk)
- Combination of genes which individually could be undesired
Name two methods used in ration computation. (1mk)
- Trial and error
- Pearson’s square method
Give five reasons for care and maintenance of farm tools and equipment (2½ mks)
- To reduce cost of replacement
- To increase durability
- Increase efficiency
- Prevent injury to the user
- Avoid damages to the tool
Give two reasons for throwing grains to poultry on the litter in a deep litter poultry house. (2mks)
- To help turn the litter to keep id dry
- To keep poultry busy
What are the terms used to describe the young ones of the following livestock. (2mk)
1. Rabbits - Kindling
2. Fish - Fingerling
3. Goat - Kid
4. Donkey - Foal
Name the causal organisms of the following diseases in livestock. (2mk)
1. East coast fever - Protozoan/ Theirelia parva
2. Tryponosomiasis - Protozoan/ Trypanosome
3. Rift Valley fever - Virus
4. Anaplasmosis - Protozoan/ Anaplasma marginale
Give four reasons for castrating farm animals. (2mk)
- Control breeding diseases
- Makes animal docile
- improves meat quality
- Control inbreeding
- Increases weight gain
. List any three light breeds of poultry (1½)
- Minorca - Sykes
- Ancona
Give two qualities of a creep feed that makes it suitable for piglets (2mk)
- Highly palatable
- Highly digestible
- Rich in proteins
State four management practices carried out in sheep during preparation for tupping (2mk)
- Crutching/tagging/barling
- Raddling
- Hoof trimming
- Ringing
Name any two plumbing tools (1mk)
- Stock and die
- Pipe wrench
- Pipe cutter
List two symptoms of bloat attack in cattle (1mk)
- Distended left side of belly
- Immobility
- Digestive complication
- Constipation
What do you understand by the following terms as used in livestock health? (2mk)
1. Predisposing factors:
  - Conditions inside or outside the body of animal which lead to the animal contracting a disease or injury.
2. Rigor mortise:
  - Stiffening of joints
Name four control measures of fleas in a flock of layers (2mk)
- Dusting the poultry house/nest
- Ensure cleanliness
- Apply petroleum jelly on infected parts
- Dust birds with insecticide
Differentiate between the following tools (2mk)
1. - Sickle - cutting back pyrethrum stack/harvesting rice, grass
  - Secateurs - soft branches /tungs
    (mark whole)
2. A pair of tin snip and a pipe wrench
  - Tinsnips – Cutting through sheet of metal,
  - Pipe wrench: - Loosening or tightening metal pipes.
What is the vector of Nagana? (½ mk)
- Tsetsefly

SECTION B: (20MARKS)
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

1. Compute 200kg feed ration with 20% DCP from maize with 10% DCP and cotton seed cake containing 45% DCP. (4mk)
2. Name two feed ingredients that should be added to balance the feed ration above. (2mk)
  - Vitamins; minerals
3. Name two advantages of using a sub-soiler during land preparation (2mk)
  - Breaks hardpans
  - Cultivate compacted soil
The diagram H and J show two types of fences
1. Identify each type of fence (2mk)
  1. H – Chain link/woven wire fence
  2. J – Live fence/hedge
2. Name the correct material and correct tool for fastening wooden posts when constructing the types of fence illustrated in diagram H. (2mk)
  1. Material – U – nails/staples
  2. Tool: Claw hammer/fencing hammer/pliers
3. State three advantages that fence J may have over fence H (3mk)
  - More aesthetic value
  - Act as wind break
  - Source of livestock feed
  - Cheaper to establish
  - Source of fruits
  - Source of firewood
  - Provides organic matter
Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
1. Name the type of identification illustrated above (1mk)
  - Ear notching
2. Give the identification number of the pig illustrated above (1mk)
  - 110
3. Using a diagram, illustrate how animal number 83 can be identified using the above method. (2mk)
4. What is the use of metal rails in a farrowing pen? (1mk)
  - Prevents sow from crushing the piglets.

SECTION C: (40 MKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

1. Describe any four general effects of parasites on livestock (8mk)
  - Sucking blood: Some parasites suck blood from their hosts causing Anaemia and death
  - Parasites eat food intended for livestock – this an lead to malnutrition and weakness in the host.
  - Obstruction: Internal parasites block the alimentary canal which can cause death.
  - Transmission of disease – can cause death or lower production in livestock.
  - Damage internal tissues and organs preventing proper functioning
  - Irritation to animals : some parasites make animals uncomfortable
    (4 x 2 = 8 mks)
    (Exaplanation 1 mk)
    (Stating 1 mk)
2. Name two causes of livestock diseases (2mk)
  - Pathogens eg bacteria, virus, protozoa and fungi
  - Chemicals
  - Physical eg injuries
  - Nutritional causes
3. Describe East Coast Fever (ECF) under the following subheadings
  1. Animals attacked - Cattle (1mk)
  2. Causal agent - Theirelia parva (1mk)
  3. Vector – Brown ear tick (1mk)
  4. Symptoms
    - High fever
    - Lachrymal discharge
    - Swelling of lymph nodes
    - Difficult breathing
    - Self- isolation from others
    - Haemorrhage in the vulva and mouth (5mk)
    - Coughing
    - Sight impairment
  5. Control (2mk)
    - Eradication of ticks
    - Intra-muscular injection of antibiotics and iron
    - Control strange animals from the farm
1. Explain the uses of the various hand tools in the construction of the Kenya top bar hive. (12mk)
  - Claw hammer – driving nails in and out of wood
  - Tape measure/metre rule – measuring length of pieces of material
  - Clamp – holding pieces of wood together when joining
  - Pliers – cutting wires
  - Try square – determining right angles on cutting points
  - Marking/mortise gauge – marking points to cut/plane
  - Ball pen hammer – Straightening/shaping sheet of metal
  - Hand saw/Tenon saw – cutting pieces of wood
  - Tinsnips – cutting roofing sheet/metal sheet
    (8 x 1 ½ mks = 12 mks)
    (1/2 mk) – naming
    (1mk – explaining)
2. Describe the management practices that would ensure maximum yield of fish in a fish pond. (8mk)
  - Control stocking rate
  - Control water pollution
  - Supply adequate feed
  - Provide appropriate feed
  - Aerate the water by ensuring constant inflow and outflow
  - Crop at correct stage
  - Maintain water level
  - Repair broken/cracked dykes
  - Clear vegetation around the pond
  - Control predators
    (8 x 1 = 8 mks)
1. Describe various cultural uses of livestock (8mk)
  - Status symbol – One is regarded wealthy on owning large herds of cattle, sheep or goats.
  - Medium of exchange – livestock were used during barter trade
  - Social ceremonies – ceremonies like marriage and funerals had live or slaughtered animals
  - Recreational purpose – some activities like cock fighting, bull fighting may utilize their time constructively.
2. Describe various livestock rearing practices (12mk)
  - Feeding – It enhances maintenance and productivity of the animal. Also important in preventing diseases in animals.
  - Parasite and disease control – Ensures animals remain healthy and productive.
  - Breeding practices – Ensures multiplication of healthy animals
  - Identification – Facilitates record keeping and other aspects of livestock management
  - Debeaking – Important in poultry to control vices e.g cannibalism and egg eating.
  - Tooth clipping – Removal of canine teeth in piglet 24 hours after birth
  - Culling – Removal of unproductive animals from a breeding herd.