History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 1 Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:   

• This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
• Answer all questions from section A, three questions from section B and two questions in section C.
• All answers must be written on the answer sheets provided.

SECTION A: (25 MARKS)   
Answer all the questions from this section

1. Name the branch of history that deals with study of culture, believes and way of live among communities. (1 mk)
2. Identify two similarities between early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia. (2 mks)
3. State two advantages of using currency system of trade. (2 mks)
4. Name the ‘ship’ which was used to transport goods across Sahara desert during trans Saharan trade. (1 mk)
5. What was the main disadvantage of using sailing ships to transport goods. (1 mk)
6. State two negative impacts of modern means of communication. (2 mks)
7. Give two uses of gold in ancient Egypt. (k2 mks)
8. State one function of Nairobi as a modern city. (1 mk)
9. Identify two sources of British constitution. (2 mks)
10. State the impact of wars of resistance on African religion. (1 mk)
11. State the main reason why British failed to offer Sarmori Toure assistance against the French. (1 mk)
12. Give the main reason why the French used assimilation policy in administering the colonial posseton. (1 mk)
13. Mention two types of nationalism that existed in South Africa. (2 mks)
14. Identify one of the state men who dominated the Paris peace conference of 1919.(1 mk)
15. Give the immediate reason that dragged United States of America into 2 nd world war. (1 mk)
16. What was the main ideological difference between Joseph Kasavumbu and Patrice Lumumba of Congo. (1 mk)
17. Name two houses in U.S.A. parliament. (2 mks)

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)    
Answer any three questions from this section.

18.  
    1. State three ways in which discovery and use of stones changed the life of early man.  (3 mks)
    2. Describe the way of life of early human beings during the Old Stone Age. (12 mks)
19.  
    1. Mention five importance of Lukiiko among the Baganda people. (3 mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of Asante Kingdom upto 19 th century. (12 mks)
20.  
    1. State three political reasons that led to colonization of Africa. (3 mks)
    2. Explain six reasons why Africans were defeated in the wars of resistance.(12 mks)
21.  
    1. Give five reforms introduced in Congo by Mobutu Sese Seko that led to dictatorship. (5 mks)
    2. Explain five social challenges facing Tanzania since independence. (10 mks)

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)    
Answer any two questions from this section.

22.  
    1. State five differences between British and French systems of administration in Africa. (5 mks)
    2. Explain five impacts of direct policy in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)
23.  
    1. State functions of United Nations General Assembly. (5 mks)
    2. Discuss five achievements of United Nations since its inception. (10 mks)
24.  
    1. Give five organs of the economic community of West African States ECOWAS   (5 mks)
    2. Explain five factors that led to the collapse of East Africa Community in 1977.  (10 mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Name the branch of history that deals with study of culture, believes and way of live among communities. (1 mk)
   • Social History
2. Identify two similarities between early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia.   (2 mks)
   • Use of shadorf canal method of irrigation
   • It was practiced along river valleys
   • Indigenous crops were grown
   • Use of simple instruments
3. State two advantages of using currency system of trade. (2 mks)
   • It is not bulky
   • It is divisible into smaller amounts
   • It is a measure of value for goods and services
4. Name the ‘ship’ which was used to transport goods across Sahara desert during trans-Saharan trade. (1 mk)
   • Camel
5. What was the main disadvantage of using sailing ships to transport goods. (1 mk)
   • They relied on wind- Accidents leads to loss of lives
6. State two negative impacts of modern means of communication. (2 mks)
   • Contribute to environmental pollution
   • Has promoted international terrorism
   • Wars have been revolutionized.
7. Give two uses of gold in ancient Egypt. (2 mks)
   • to make coins
   • to make swords
   • trade item
8. State one function of Nairobi as a modern city. (1 mk)
   • It is an administrative town
   • commercial and financial centre
   • It is a commercial centre
   • Educational centre
9. Identify two sources of British constitution. (2 mks)
   • Judicial precedent
   • Historical document
10. State the impact of wars of resistance on African religion. (1 mk)
    • Africans lost faith in their religion as it failed to protect them from European bullets.
11. State the main reason why British failed to offer Sarmori Toure assistance against the French. (1 mk)
    • The policy of non-interference prohibited her from such aventure as agreed during Berlin Conference.
12. Give the main reason why the French used assimilation policy in administering the colonial posseton. (1 mk)
    • French revolution of  1789 believed in equality and brotherhood of humanity.
13. Mention two types of nationalism that existed in South Africa. (2 mks)
    • African Nationalism
    • Afrikaner Nationalism
    • British Nationalism
14. Identify one of the state men who dominated the Paris peace conference of 1919.    (1 mk)
    • Woodrow Wilson USA President
    • Lloyd George British President
    • Georges Clemencean French Premier
    • Vittorio Orlando Italian Premier
15. Give the immediate reason that dragged United States of America into 2nd world war.     (1 mk)
    • Japanese attack on Pearl harbours 
16. What was the main ideological difference between Joseph Kasavumbu and Patrice Lumumba of Congo. (1 mk)
    • Joseph Kasavumbu wanted a federal type of government while Lumumba favoured a strong unitary government.
17. Name two houses in U.S.A. parliament. (2 mks)
    • Senate

SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.

18.  
    1. State three ways in which discovery and use of stones changed the life of early man. (3 mks)
       • Stones were used during hunting
       • Stone tools were used for cutting meat and vegetables
       • Stone tools were used for skinning animals
       • Stone tolls were used for digging roots.
    2. Describe the way of life of early human beings during the Old Stone Age.   (12 mks)
       • They made simple tools known as Oldwan tools for domestic use
       • They lived in small groups of up to 20 people
       • They obtained food mainly from hunting  and gathering
       • They ate raw food since fire had not been discovered
       • They sheltered on trees and in vaces to escape predators
       • They communicated by use of gestures and whistling
       • They used simple hunting methods and hunted small animals for food.
19.  
    1. Mention five importance of Lukiiko among the Baganda people. (3 mks)
       • Lukiiko made laws
       • They advised Kabaka on matters affecting the country
       • They represented peoples concerns and needs to the Kabaka
       • They directed the collection of taxes in the kingdom and planned expenditure
       • They helped Kabaka in general administration
       • They acted as final court of appeal/assisted in settling disputes
    2. Describe the political organization of Asante Kingdom upto 19th century.   (12 mks)
       • The Asante had a centralized political system headed by an emperor
       • They had a federal type of government where the empire was divided into three parts; Kumasi, Amatoo states and provincial asante.
       • They had a symbol of National unity (golden stool) and a symbol of authority (block stool)
       • The Asante had a standing army used for protection and expansion purposes
       • A cultural festival Codwira festival) was organized yearly that brought unity
       • The emperor was the commander-in-chief of the army.
20.  
    1. State three political reasons that led to colonization of Africa. (3 mks)
       • The unification of Germany
       • Nationalism in Europe
       • Millitarism
       • Public opinion
    2. Explain six reasons why Africans were defeated in the wars of resistance.   (12 mks)
       • Africans used inferior weapons
       • Disunity among African communities
       • Military weakness among African warriors
       • Africans were affected by National calamities e.g drought, famine and diseases
       • Europeans got reinforcement from other regions they controlled.
       • Failure of religion to protect Africans
       • Capture and execution of African leaders demoralized warriors
21.  
    1. Give five reforms introduced in Congo by Mobutu Sese Seko that led to dictatorship. (5 mks)
       • He banned all political parties but 1967 form movement populaire de la Revolution (MPR) as only legal party
       • He became head of state and government centralizing power
       • He reformed constitution and stripped parliament of its powers
       • He abolished the federal system and local assembly
       • He reduced the number of administrative regions to eight
       • In 1970 general elections, Mobutu was elected president He become president for life.
    2. Explain five social challenges facing Tanzania since independence. (10 mks)
       • High rate of population increase is straining available amenities
       • Unemployment has hit a large portion of the population leading to rura-urban migration 
       • levels of crime have continued to increase
       • Provision of education has not been easy and illiteracy levels are still high despite introduction of free education
       • Access to health care has been a matter of concern to many.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.

22.  
    1. State five differences between British and French systems of administration in Africa. (5 mks)
       • The British were keen when appointing traditional rulers while French just hand-picked anyone who met her qualification
       • The British gave traditional rulers a lot of power while French undermined African Chieftaincies.
       • British colonies were administered separately while French colonies were governed as a federation and treaty as overseas provinces
       • British used both professional and amateurs while French used military officers to administer colonies.
       • Laws in French colonies were made in France while in British laws were made in respective colonies.
       • Indirect rule preserved African culture while Assimilation policy underned African culture.
    2. Explain five impacts of direct policy in Zimbabwe. (10 mks)
       • Large tracks of land were taken away from Africans by the white settlers leading to displacement of Africans
       • The African Indigenous rulers lost their political power
       • Africans were  subjected to intense economic exploitation e.g payment of taxes and forced labour
       • The white settlers were able to enhance the production of cash crops, transport and industry
       • The British rule in Zimbabwe provoked African nationalism
       • Economic exploitation and loss of land made Africans to provide cheap labour on white farms.
       • African cultures were greatly undermined especially through separation of families.
23.  
    1. State functions of United Nations General Assembly. (5 mks)
       • To elect jointly with security council the judges of international court of justice and secretary general
       • To consider and approve the UN budget
       • To elect non-permanent members of Security Council
       • To make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of any situation
       • To admit new members, suspend or dismiss members with recommendations from security council
       • To consider and make recommendations on the principles of co-operation in the maintenance of peace and security
       • To discuss any question relating to international peace and security organization
       • To receive and consider reports from security council and other organizations.
       • To promote high standards of living
    2. Discuss five achievements of United Nations since its inception. (10 mks)
       • Promotion of world peace and understanding by putting in place mechanisms and methods
       • Disarmament efforts through signing treaties to control arms
       • Humanitarian assistance through provision of relief and social services
       • Promotion of democracy and good governance e.g sending observers during elections
       • Development agenda by providing multi-lateral and technical assistance to developing nations.
       • Provision of Health care through WHO
       • International co-operation in dealing with global issues e.g environment
       • Promoting the rights of women
       • Cultural exchange.
24.  
    1. Give five organs of the economic community of West African States ECOWAS
       • The authority of the head of state and governments
       • The council of ministers
       • The tribunal
       • Executive secretariat
       • Specialised commission
    2. Explain five factors that led to the collapse of East Africa Community in 1977.   (10 mks)
       • Perceived gains that Kenya was the main beneficiary\
       • Personality difference eg between Julius Nyerere of Tanzania and Idi Amin of Uganda.
       • Ideological difference: Tanzania adopted socialism while Kenya and Uganda adopted a capitalist mixed economy.  This increased tension.
       • Political instability in Uganda after military coup
       • National pride and interest
       • Boundary closure