History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 3 Opener Exams 2023

1. Name the most common form of government in the world today.      (1mk)
   • Democracy       
2. Name the earliest hominid closer to modern man.         (1mk)
   • Australopithecus
3. Give two reasons for the development of early agriculture along river valleys.      (2mks)
   • Fertile soils (silt) deposited along the valleys.
   • Presence of water for irrigation.
   • High population along the valleys.
   • Existence of wild crops.
4. Why was the Trans-Atlantic trade referred to as Triangular trade. (1mk)
   • It operated on triangular routes from West Africa to America and West Indian, to Europe and back to Africa to form a triangular shape.   
5. Give two forms of traditional currency used in Africa.     (2mks)
   • Clothes
   • Gold
   • Cowrie shells
   • Iron
   • Copper
6. Identify one disadvantage of using coal as a source of energy during the 19th century.      (1mk)
   • It was bulky and difficult to transport.
   • It was expensive to mine and transport.
   • It was a non-renewable source of energy.
   • It caused environmental pollution.
   • Coal mining was risky.
7. Outline two functions of the ancient town of Kilwa.         (2mks)
   • Trading centre.
   • Centre of Islamic.
   • Administrative centre.
   • Industrial centre.
   • It served as a link between the coast and southern Tanzania hinterland.
   • Major Arab and Muslim settlement centre.
8. State two ways in which the acquisition of firearms enabled the Kingdom of Buganda to expand during the pre-colonial period (2mks)
   • They were used to conquer neighboring kingdoms.
   • The conquered/vassal states were a source of wealth to the Buganda kingdom. 
   • To protect the kingdom.
9. Identify two chartered companies that were used to administer European Colonial Possessions in Africa.             (2mks)
   • Royal Niger Company
   • German East Africa Company
   • The Imperial British East Africa Company.
   • British South Africa Company.
10. Name the political party that led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957.       (1mk)
    • Convention People’s party
11. State one way in which the rise of dictators in Europe contributed to the outbreak of the Second World War.    (1mk)
    • They overthrew democratic governments.
    • They rearmed themselves.
    • They engaged in acts of aggression/attacked other nations. 
12. State two advantages of being a member of the Commonwealth organization.        (2mks)
    • Getting financial assistance.
    • Ease of trading with other members.
    • Getting of scholarships. 
    • Less developed states obtain training facilitates from the more developed.
    • Commonwealth peace keeping forces help to maintain peace among member states. 
13. State two principles of the Arusha Declaration of 1967.          (12mks)
    • Self reliance
    • Building a social society (Ujamaa)
    • Avoidance of discrimination of all forms
    • Nationalization (Each was to be involved in responsible activity)
14. Name one Parliamentary duty of the Monach in Britain.   (1mk)
    • Nominates members to the House of Lords. 
    • Assenting` to Bills passes by parliament
    • Summons new parliament.
    • Opens, closes (prologues/sessions of Parliament.
15. Who is the head of government in India?    (1mk)
    • The Prime Minister
16. Give two categories of person who are disqualified from contesting for a constituency seat in Britain.         (2mks)
    • Clergymen.
    • Members of the House of Lords.
    • Judges.
    • Bankrupt persons.
    • Members of the Armed forces.
    • Election offenders/Officials.
17. Name the first President of USA at Independence.    (1mk)
    • George Washington

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

ANSWER THREE QUESTIONS ONLY FROM THIS SECTION

18.  
    1. Explain five reasons why Africa is regarded as the Original homeland of mankind.                  (15mks)
       • The availability of forests that provided possible shelter/habitat/settlement for early man. 
       • The central position (centre of pangea) of Africa possibly enabled man to migrate to other parts of the world. 
       • Man’s fossils/remains were discovered at various sites in Africa. 
       • The Savannah grasslands in Africa provided suitable hunting grounds for the early man. 
       • Africa has many rivers which provided water for use by early man. 
       • African continent has relatively good climate which may have favoured human settlement. 
    2. Describe the way of life of the early human beings during the Old Stone Age period.               (10mks)
       • They made simple stone tools (Oldowan) for various uses. 
       • They lived in small groups in order to assist each other. 
       • They obtained their food through hunting and gathering.
       • They used simple hunting methods such as chasing wild animals and laying traps.
       • They ate raw food because fire was not yet discovered.
       • They sheltered from predators by climbing trees and hiding in caves. 
       • There wore no clothing but their hairy bodies kept them warm. 
       • They lived near rivers and lakes. 
       • They communicated by use of gestures and whistling.
19.  
    1. State three factors that contributed to the development of the Trans-Atlantic trade. 
       • Availability of trade items. 
       • Demand for slaves in the New world. 
       • Availability of sailing ships.
       • Discovery of the compass.
       • Availability of fire arms.
       • Existence of trade routes/links. 
    2. Explain six factors that led to the decline of the Trans-Saharan trade.                                              (12mks)
       • Main items of trade got exhausted, e.g., gold and salt. 
       • The collapse of  powerful Kingdom caused Insecurity in the region eg Mali, Songhai and Ghana.
       • Invasion of Western Sudan by Morocco led to destruction of major trading centres.
       • The rise and growth of the Trans- Atlantic trade.
       • European trading activities along the West African coast undermined the trade.
       • Abolition of slave trade.
       • The Tuaregs changed their roles as guides and became robbers of the Caravans.
       • Colonization of the African continent by European powers from the 19th century.
       • Establishment of commercial ports on the West African coast and the use of navigable rivers.
20.  
    1. List down three terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 .                                                    (3mks)
       • Any European power claiming any part of Africa had to notify others.
       • Any claim of any part of Africa had to be followed with effective occupation of the region.
       • All European powers must declare their sphere of influence.
       • Each nation was to abolish slave trade in their territories
       • The basins of Rivers Zambezi, Congo and Niger were to be left free for navigation.
       • Any European power that wished to declare a protectorate in Africa had to show firm authority to protect European rights.
    2. Explain five causes of the MajiMaji rebellion in Tanganyika between 1905- 1907.                                 
       • Africans resented forced Labour and taxation introduced by the Germans.
       • Africans were forced to grow cotton on infertile land.
       • The Africans disliked the AkidasandJumbes who were hired by the Germans because they were harsh and ruthless.
       • The Africans wanted back their alienated land from the German administrators.
       • The Germans disrespected African culture and customs.
       • Africans were inspired by their leader KinjilitileNgwale’s prophecy and the powers of the Magic water.
       • The Ngoni wanted to seek revenge over the Boma Massacre of 1897.
21.  
    1. State three political causes of instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo between 1960 and 1965.       (3mks)
       • Tribalism/ethnic differences created conflicts among communities. 
       • Domination of public services by religious/foreigners. 
       • Kasa and Katanga secession from the rest of the county. 
       • The assassination of Patrice Lumumba.
       • Army mutiny.
       • Rise of dictatorship. 
    2. Describe six social developments that have taken place in Tanzania since independence.            (12 mks)
       • The establishment of more Schools/colleges/Universities has enabled many people to access education.
       • The introduction of free universal primary education has reduced illiteracy levels among people.
       • Education system geared towards promoting socialism ideals has created a selfless society thus promoting equity.
       • Improvement of health through the expansion of more health facilities.
       • Social unity has been promoted by the socialist ideology.  (Ujumaa)
       • Kiswahili has been made the national language therefore promoting interaction among people.   
       • Theatre and sports has been promoted through the establishment of sporting facilities. 
       • Promotion of African cultural values leading to preservation of African heritage. 
       • Promotion of freedom of worship to citizens. 
       • Role of women in the society is highly appreciated. 

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ONLY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION.  

22.  
    1. State five factors which influenced the British to use indirect rule in Northern Nigeria.              (5mks)
       • It was cheap/cost – effective method of administration.
       • The existence of an elaborate system of government led by Emirs.
       • They did not want to stir up African resistance. 
       • The system had succeeded in other parts of the world like India and Uganda. 
       • The British lacked enough personnel to administer the vast territory. 
       • Poor transport and communication infrastructure. 
    2. Explain five challenges which were experienced in the implementation of assimilation policy in Senegal.          (10 mks)
       • It conflicted with the general objective of colonization.
       • It was expensive as it required social amenities like Schools.
       • It was rejected by the traditional Africans.
       • It was opposed by the Frenchmen back at home/France since it elevated the assimilated to the French status.
       • The Muslims refused to be converted to Christianity.
       • The French citizens feared that the assimilated people would outnumber the assimilated to the  French chamber of Deputies.
       • Racial discrimination by the French against the assimilated people.
       • The Africans were deeply rooted in their culture hence making it difficult to leave it.
       • There was communication barrier between the Africans and the Brirish.
23.  
    1. State three demands made by Austria to Serbia after the Assasination of the Archuke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo.   (3mks)       
       • That Serbia gives a clear explanation of the assassination. 
       • Serbia to ban all organization that were anti-Austria.
       • Serbia to apologize to Austria over the assassination. 
       • That Serbia dismisses all her officials whom Austria objected to. 
       • That Austria police to be allowed to enter Serbia and enforce the demands. 
    2. Explain six reasons why the central Powers were defeated in the First World War.                       (12mks)   
       • The allied powers had more states supporting them compared to the central powers. 
       • The Allies had more financial and industrial resources.
       • Allied powers controlled the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean and blockaded the central powers. 
       • The Invasion of neutral Belgium by Germany made the world to turn against the central powers. 
       • The entry of USA into a war titled the balance of power in favor of the allies leading to the defeat of the central powers. 
       • The central powers were located in the Central part of Europe and were surrounded by enemies from every side. 
       • Mutinies in German army weakened the Germany resistance. 
       • The failure of the Schlieffen plan worked against the German forces and this demoralized them. 
       • Good political leadership among the allied powers such as Lloyd George the British Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau the French premier and Woodrow Wilson the American president who were competent and focused leaders. 
       • Unity of command of the Allies under General Foch disadvantaged the Central powers who relied on young and inexperienced soldiers after the death of the most of her troops in 1918. 
       • The Spanish Flu epidemic which affected the central powers worsened the situation further by demoralizing the central powers forces. 
24.  
    1. State five functions of the Prime Minister in Britain.                                                                       ( 5mks)
       • Appoints and dismisses Cabinet Ministers with the consent of the Monarch.
       • Chairs Cabinet meetings.
       • Is the leader of the House Commous.
       • Is the Chief executive of the British Government.
       • Initiates both domestic and foreign policies.
       • Represents Britain in international fora.
       • Recommends to the sovereign the appointment of Senior Civil servants.
    2. Explain five functions of the Judiciary in India.                                                                              (10 mks)
       • Arbitrates in disputes between the federal government and the states.
       • Administers justice by listening to parties in dispute.
       • Interprets Constitution and in the process makes new laws.
       • Advises the Executive Legislature on constitutional issues.
       • Protects the fundamental rights of the citizens.