AGRICULTURE PAPER 2 Marking Scheme - 2017 KITUI MOCK EXAMINATION

 SECTION A

1.  
   • Type of plants from which the nectar was collected
   • Maturity stage of honey at the time of harvesting
   • Method of harvesting
   • Method of processing honey (3 x ½ = 1½ marks)

2.  
   • Washing a cow with hot water
   • Beating the cow (mistreatment)
   • Change of milkman
   • Unfamiliar noise
   • Absence of food during milking (4 x ½ = 4marks)
3.  
   • Sow becomes restless
   • Vulva turns red and swells
   • Udder becomes full with a milky fluid on teats
   • The sow starts to build a nest by collecting some bedding at one corner of the pen. (3 x ½ = 1½ marks)

4.  
   • Inadequate nests
   • Too high/too low laying nests.
   • Nests are brightly lit.
   • Too small laying nests that make the birds squeeze in them. (3 x ½ = 1½ marks)

5.  
   • Free from diseases causing organisms
   • Has no hair, dirt or dust.
   • It is of high keeping quality
   • Has good flavour
   • Its chemical composition is within the expected standards.   (3 x ½ = 1½ marks)

6.  
   • Avoid contaminating livestock feeds with feaces
   • Rotational grazing
   • Improved sanitation by removal of dung
   • Use appropriate anthelminthes
   • Use latrines (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

7.  
   • Loss of weight and emaciation
   • Pot-bellied/ watery swellings on the body of the affected animal
   • Animal suffers from indigestion
   • Liver is damaged / Hemorrhage due to movement of flukes in the liver.
   • Anaemic condition
   • Dullness and animal appear depressed.
   • Swollen and painful abdomen
   • Recumbency precedes death. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

8.  
   • Increase level of production i.e. milk
   • Improve quality of livestock products.
   • To improve disease resistance in the animal
   • To develop animals with a high growth rate.
   • To develop animals with high heat tolerance.
   • To develop animals that matures early. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

9.  
   • Freezing
   • Salting
   • Sun-drying
   • Smoking
   • Canning (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

10.  
    • Roughage
    • Concentrates (2 x ½ = 1 mark)

11.  
    • To produce female gametes
    • Produce hormones that reduce oestrus cycle (2 x ½ = 1 mark)

12. Reasons for flushing
    • Increase conception rate
    • Facilitate implantation of the zygote
    • Increase lambing percentage
    • Increase twinning / multiple births. (2 x ½ = 1 mark)

13. Reasons for treating timber
    • Prevent attack by fungi / rotting
    • Control pest attack
    • Make timber strong and resist weather conditions
    • Prevent warping (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

14.  
    • Animals body size
    • Physiological status of the animal
    • Level of production
    • Environmental temperature
    • Age of animal (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

15.  
    • connection / disconnection of the drive shaft
    • Take off smoothly without a jerk (2 x ½ = 1 mark)

16.  
    • Spacious / provide adequate space
    • Well ventilated
    • Easy to clean.
    • Well lit
    • Leak proof
    • Allow single calf housing at a time.
    • Well drained floor (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

17.  
    • Availability of land for rearing
    • Topography of land to facilitate easy drainage.
    • Availability of labour
    • Availability of appropriate equipment
    • Security
    • Knowledge of the farm. (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

18.  
    • Control internal and external parasites
    • Control diseases
    • Effect identification
    • Remove extra teats
    • Effect dehorning (4 x ½ = 2 marks)

SECTION B

19.  
    1. A   -     Alveolus
       B   -     Gland cistern
       C   -     Teat cistern
       D   -     Teat (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
    2. Oxytocin, Adrenalin (2 marks)
    3. Injecting a cow with appropriate antibiotics through the teat canal when it is being dried off to protect the cow from getting mastitis, (1 mark)
20.  
    1. Fowl pox         (1 mark
    2.  
       • Cause death of the chicken
       • Lowers egg production
       • Increase cost of production (2 x 1 = 2 marks)
    3.  
       • Kill all infected birds
       • Vaccinate healthy birds
       • Practice hygiene in poultry house (2 x 1 =2 marks)

21.  
    1. P    -     Wall plate
       Q   -     Purlin
       R   -     Tie beam/ Cross tie
       S    -     Rafter (4 x ½ = 2 marks
    2. P -     Hold the trusses securely (1 mark)
       Q   -     Hold the roofing materials (1 mark
    3. Tar; Creasole; tanex; used engine oil; Copper sulphate solution (Accept appropriate example, (1 mark)

22.  
    1. E -     Differential
       F    -     Fly wheel
       G   -     Piston
       H   -     Crankshaft (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
    2. E -    Changes the direction of drive to right angles to power the wheels (1 mark)
       H   -     Rotate and help the piston to move up and down. (1 mark)

      SECTION C

23.  
    1.  
       • The species of the animal – Certain species of animals are affected by specific diseases like swine fever for pigs and new castle for  poultry.
       • The breed of the animal – Certain breeds of animals are affected by particular diseases like cancer of the eye for Helford  and solar erythema for large whites.
       • The age of the animal – Certain ages of animals are easily affected by certain diseases e.g. anemia for piglets and lamb dysentery for lambs.
       • Sex of the animal – Certain diseases are associated to sex of the animal e.g. Orchitis for males and vaginitis for females
       • Color of the animal – Black colored  animals suffers from heat stress. (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
    2.  
       • Burning of the infested pastures in order to kill all the stages of the lifecycle of ticks.
       • Ploughing the pasture so that the stages of the lifecycle are exposed to sunlight for desiccation or killed by burying deeply.
       • Top dressing the pasture with lime or  acaridae is also effective in controlling larvae, nymphs and adults
       • Fencing the pasture and farm to keep off intruding animals that could be carriers.
       • Starving the ticks to death by enhancing rotational grazing which is effective in breaking lifecycles.
       • Hand picking the tricks and killing them-deticking. (6 x 1 = 6 marks)
    3.  
       • Age of the animal. Young animals produce higher butterfat content in milk.
       • The middle stage of lactation of a cow has higher butterfat content.
       • Condition of the animal. Emaciated sick and pregnant animals produce low butterfat content.
       • The last drawn milk during milking has higher butterfat content.
       • Time of milking. Evening milk has higher butterfat content than morning milk.
       • Breed of the animal. Jerseys, Guernsey the Zebu cows have a higher butterfat content than other breeds.
       • Season of the year. Cows produce milk with higher butterfat content during cold season than warm season.
       • Cows that feed on roughage produce milk with higher butterfat content than other feeds
       • Cows suffering from disease like mastitis produce milk with a low butterfat content  and poorly contaminated.
       • Cows under medication with antibiotics produce milk that is poorly constituted (9 x 1 = 9 marks)
         
         
         
24.  
    1.  
       • Makes operations timely and faster
       • Makes work easier and enjoyable
       • High quality job is done than human labour
       • There is an increased efficiency
       • Pests and diseases outbreak cam be controlled relatively in a short time
       • Farmers benefits form economic of scale
       • It is economical in times of labour demand
       • High yields are achieved because farm operation s are carried out timely (5 x 1 =5 marks)
    2.  
       • They have the ability to invert the furrow slice very well and as a result they can burry the vegetation ploughed
       • They are easily kept at a constant depth during ploughing
       • Better penetration in to the soil can be obtained
       • If ploughing is done well, it is possible to prepare a seed -bed in one operation, i.e. it may not be unnecessary to harrow in order to break clods of soil
       • Fewer secondary operations are needed. (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
    3.  
       • Timber - Construction box and top bars
       • Corrugated iron sheets - form lid to prevent leakage.
       • Nails- for joining parts
       • Wire - firming wire loop, for hanging
       • Posts - for hanging
       • Wood preservatives- coating on wood to preserve from attack by pests and weather conditions. 
         (½ mark for mentioning the material, ½ mark for explaining – 5 marks)
    4.  
       • The water pump should be lubricated regularly
       • Clean water should be used in the radiator and trash removed from the fins
       • All pipes ^should be fitted tightly to avoid leakage
       • Fan belt tension should be checked regularly and if too tight or too loose should be adjusted
       • The radiator should be filled with clean water before starting day's work. (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
25.  
    1.  
       • Wedge shaped
       • Well set hind quarters
       • Straight top line
       • Milk veins are visible
       • Big / large stomach to accommodate food
       • Large udder
       • Lean body with little flesh (4 x 1 = 4 marks)
    2.  
       • Age of animal
       • Level of performance / production
       • Physical fitness
       • Health – Animals selected must be health
       • Body conformation – Animals for breeding should be selected according to their body conformation.
       • Temperament or behavior – Some animals within a breed might have bad temperament or undesirable behaviors such as cannibalism and egg eating in the      case of poultry.
       • Quality of products – Select animals that give products of high quality
       • Mothering ability – Animals selected  should have a good mothering ability, which are animals with good natural instinct towards their young ones.
       • Adaptability – Animals selected should be  well adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions.           
       • Prolificacy – Select animals which are  highly prolific, that is animals with an ability to give birth to many offsprings at a time. (9 x 1 = 9 marks)
    3.  
       1. Cause
          • Low level of calcium in the blood of a cow. (1 mark)
       2. Symptoms
          • Staggering
          • Muscular twitching
          • Complete anorexia
          • Animal becomes unconscious
          •  Animal lies on the sternum with neck twisted backwards.
          • Dullness
          • Caseation of body functions
          • General paralysis. (4 x 1 = 4 marks)
       3. Control measures
          • Practice partial milking in cows with a history of milk fever.
          • Feed animals with diet rich in calcium during pregnancy
          • Intravenous injection with calcium salts/calcium borogluconate in animals with milk (2 x 1 = 2 marks)