Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Catholic Diocese of Kakamega Mock Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of two sections A and B
• Answer ALL the questions in section A. in section B answer question 6 and any other TWO questions.
• All question must be answered in English.

SECTION A

Answer all the questions in this section

1.  
   1. What is multilateral trade     (2mks)
   2. Give three advantages of multilateral trade.     (3mks)
2.  
   1. Identify three types of subsistance farming    (3mks)
   2. State three physical conditions favoring coffee farming in Kenya.   (3mks)
3.  
   1. Other than wind, give two climatic hazard experienced in Kenya.    (2mks)
   2. State two effects of wind as a hazard       (2mks)
4.  
   1. Outline two factors considered while drawing sketch maps from photographs   (2mks)
   2. Name two types of hypothesis     (2mks)
5.  
   1. Differentiate between fishing and fisheries      (2mks)
   2.  
      1. Name two countries in Southern Africa that are important for Maine fish production (2mks)
      2. List two types of traditional fishing methods    (2mks) 

SECTION B.

Answer question 6 and any other two from this section.

6. The table below shows the number of tourists who visited National parks and Game reserve in Kenya in 2007-2008 in 000's. Use it to answer the question that follow.
   

   National park / Game reserve	Number of tourists
   	2007	2008
   Maasai Mara	30	25
   Amboseli	20	18
   Tsavo	40	30
   Nairobi	10	8
   Sibilni	6	38
   Hell's Gase	4	3

   1.  
      1. Draw a divided rectangle 15cm long to represent the number of tourists who visited Kenya in 2007.   (6mks)
      2. Which Game reserve /National park had the higher decline in the number of tourists who visited Kenya for two years  (2mks)
      3. Calculate the total number of tourists who visited Kenya for two years.
   2. Give three ways Kenyan government has used to improve tourism. (2mks)
   3.  
      1. Explain three reasons why Switzerland receives more tourists than Kenya    (6 mks)
      2. Differentiate tourist attractions in Kenya and those in Switzerland  (6mks)
7. The map below shows the location of some minerals in East Africa.
   
   
   1. Name the minerals mined in the areas J,K and L    (3mks)
   2. Explain how the following factors influence the exploitation of minerals
      1. Mode of occurrence of minerals    (4mks)
      2. Transport        (4mks)
      3. Level of technology    (4mks)
   3. Describe open cast method of mining     (4mks)
   4. Explain three benefits of petroleum mining to the economies of middle East countries     (6mks)
8.  
   1. What is forestry?      (2mks)
   2. Differentiate forestry in Kenya and Canada under the following subheadings.
      1. Distribution     (2mks)
      2. Types of forests    (2mks)
      3. Transportation     (2mks)
      4. Period of harvesting         (2mks)
   3. State four measures used to conserve forests      (4mks)
   4.  
      1. Explain four factors that fovour the growth of natural forests on the slopes of Mt. Kenya.     (8mks)
      2. Name three indigenous hardwood tree species found in Kenyan forests      (3mks)
9.  
   1. What is the meaning of the following terms as used in population.
      1. Population distribution       (2mks)
      2. Population density     (2mks)
   2.  
      1. Give two primary sources of population data.      (2mks)
      2. What information can be derived from a population pyramid       (4mks)
   3.  
      1. Describe three ways in which population in Kenya differs from that of Sweden.    (6mks)
      2. List five consequences of a high population density in central highlands of Kenya (5mks)
      3. State four significance of population structure.
10.  
    1.  
       1. Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation      (2mks)
       2. What is a polder     (2mks)
    2. List two methods used in land reclamation in Kenya      (2mks)
    3. Explain three physical factors that influenced the location of Mwea irrigation scheme (6mks)
    4.  
       1. Describe the stages involved in land reclamation in the Netherlands.     (7mks)
       2. Compare land reclamation in Kenya and the Netherlands under the following sub-headings.
          • Scale of operation     (2mks)
          • Agricultural output     (2mks)
    5. Name two main projects of land reclamation in the Netherlands.    (2mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

Answer all the questions in this section

1.  
   1. What is multilateral trade (2mks)
      • Multilateral trade is an international trade that involves exchange of goods among countries       (Any 1x2= 2mks)
   2. Advantages of multilateral trade
      • Creates employment opportunities
      • Enhances co-operation/ exchange of ideas/ skills.
      • Country gets wider market for her goods
      • A country earn foreign exchange through export
      • It promotes specialization in production.
      • Earns income through tariffs and duties
      • Lead to improvement of roads/transport network
      • Stimulates industrial growth
      • Creation of wealth/capital 
      • Promotes quality due to competition for market         (3x1=3mks)
2.  
   1. 3 types of subsistence farming
      • Shifting cultivation
      • Sedentary subsistence agriculture
      • Intensive subsistence agriculture      (3x1=3mks)
   2. State 3 physical condition influencing coffee farming in Kenya.
      • Moderate to high rainfall/(1000-2000)mm
      • Moderate to high temperature (14°- 26°C)
      • Gentle sloping land
      • Deep well drained volcanic soils
      • High altitude (610-2100)m A.S.L
3.  
   1. Other than wind, give two climatic hazards in Kenya
      • Floods
        
      • Hail stones
        
      • Drought
      • Lightening      (Any 1x2= 2mks)
   2. State 2 effects of wind hazards
      • Destruction of houses
      • Breaking of crops /pods
      • Interference with visibility
      • Spreading bush fires
      • Sand accumulation hinder transportation.       (Any 1x2= 2mks)
4.  
   1. Two factors considered while drawing sketch diagrams from photographs
      • Orientation
      • Position/location of features
      • Details/features on photograph      (2x1=2mks)
   2. State two hypothesis
      • Question hypothesis
      • Alternative / substancentive /positively stated
      • Null hypothesis/ Negatively stated       (2x1 = 2mks)
5.  
   1. Differentiate between fishing and fisheries
      • Fishing is extraction of aquatic animals and fish from sea, ocean while fisheries are water bodies where fishing is done. 
        (Any 1x2=2mks)
   2. Two countries in southern Africa that are important for moving fish production.
      • South Africa
      • Angola
      • Namibia        
        (Any 1x2= 2mks)
   3. List two traditional fishing methods
      • Use of baskets
      • Gill nets
      • Use of herbs
      • Harpooning/spear and arrow
      • Lampara method/lamp and stick     
        (Any 2x1=2mks)

SECTION B

6.  
   1.  
      1. TITLE: ADIVIDED RECTANGLUAR SHOWING THE NUMBER OF TOURISTS IN KENYA 2007.
         
         
         
      2. Which named reserve /National park had the highest decline in the number of tourist in 2008.
         (1mk)
         Tsavo with 10,000 tourists
      3. Calculate total
         2007 : 30,000, +20,000 + 40,000, 10,000 + 6000 + 4000 = 110,000
         2008 : 25000+ 18000+30,000+8000 + 3800 + 3000        =  87,800
         110,000 + 87,800 = 197,800 Tourists
         (2x1=2mks)
   2. 3 ways Kenyan government has used to improve tourism.
      • Improved road network to tourist sites
      • Improved security
      • Enhanced advertisement both locally and internationally
      • Encouraging investors in tourism industry
      • Increased direct flights from USA and Europe to Kenya
      • Curbing population of tourist sites.
   3.  
      1. Explain three ways why Switzer land receives more tourist than Kenya   (3x1=3mks)
         • Its central location in Europe makes it easily accessible to tourist of European original while Kenyans far from Europe
         • Some tourist attractions in two countries are similar hence tourist prefer visiting those that are near home in Switzerland
         • Peaceful atmosphere in Switzerland encourages tourists to visit as opposed to Kenya where reports of insecurity scare tourists.
         • Switzerland mounts effective marketing while Kenya has less effective.
         • The well developed transport network in Switzerland, electric train provides easy access to tourist sites while in Kenya many roads are poorly maintained.
         • In Switzerland tourists are charged fairly for the services while in Kenya the charges are relatively high.
         • Diversity of languages spoken in Switzerland makes it possible for tourists to communicate while in Kenya few international languages are spoken.
         • Advanced training of personnel in Switzerland that provides higher quality services than Kenya which is less advanced.
         • NB: The two countries must be mentioned in every point to score double tick. (3x2=6mks) d
      2. Differentiate tourist attraction between Kenya and Switzerlands.
         

         NO.	IN KENYA	SWITZERLANDS
         1	There is great rift valley	Acaciated valleys
         2	Animals in their natural habitats	Animals in the Zoos
         3	Coastal beaches dominates	Lake beaches dominate
         4	Warm climate throughout the year	Winter and Summer climate alternating
         5	Ice capped mountain exists	Glaciated highlands exists.

         (3x2 = 6mks) 
         
         
7.  
   1. Name minerals mined at
      (3x1 = 3)
      J- Limestone
      K- Soda ash/Tròna/Sodium carbonate/Salt
      L- Diamond
   2. How the following influence exploitation of minerals.
      Minerals
      Mode of occurrence
      1. Minerals that occur in small quantities limit exploitation since they are of low commercial value unless the mineral is of high value.
         • Large deposit is profitable to sustain mining process over along period.
         • Minerals that occur near the surface are easier and cheap in extract; deep seated minerals are expensive
         • Minerals close to the surface / bed/layers seams extracted using open cast method, deep minerals by underground/ shaft.
           (2x2=4mks)
      2. Transport Efficient transport link allow easy movement /accessibility to mine site marked without delay
         • Bulky minerals require cheap transport railway to reduce cost of production
         • Mineral deposits in remote areas are less likely to be exploited.
           (2x2=4mks)
           
      3. Level of technology.
         Advanced technology improve mining operation leading to high quality and quantity.
         High level of technology allows effective explorations.
         • Advanced technology boosts production reduce wastage.
         • High level of technology reduce destruction of environment (safety of workers)
           
         • Low level of technology limit exploitation
           (2x2=4mks)
           
   3. Describe opencast mining
      Unwanted materials on top of the mineral are removed by digging/quarrying
      Rock minerals broken by blasting
      Power shovels are used to dig up mineral deposits
      The mineral is loaded into trucks to the processing plants.
      (5 max 4)
   4. Explain 3 benefits of petroleum mining East middle)
      • Earn foreign exchange used to develop other sectors of the economy.
      • Petroleum is used as raw materials leading to growth of related industries
      • The revenue / royalties have enabled the middle east countries investments overseas to increase.
      • Lead to creation of employment raising standard of living
      • The proceed from petroleum mining lead to growth and expansion of settlement / urbanization.
        (3x2=6mks) QT=25.
        
8. 1. Forestry is the science of planning, developing and managing forests and other related resources.
      (2x1=2mks)
   2. Differentiate forestry in Kenya and Canada under the following
      1. Distribution
         In Kenya, small area unevenly covered while Canada large area evenly covered by forest.
         (1x2= 2mks)
         Forests in Canada cover most parts of the country while in Kenya, they are mainly found in Kenya Highlands
      2. Types of forests.
         In Kenya mainly planted while Canada mainly natural forests
      3. Transportation
         In Kenya transportation is mainly by use of roads and railway while Canada mainly rivers used by floating them on water sliding on frozen ground,
      4. Period of harvesting
         In Kenya harvesting is throughout the year while Canada harvesting is done in winter and early spring/summer.
         (1x2=2mks)
         
   3. State four measures to conserve forests
      (any 1x2 =2mks)
      • Enacting laws/ legislation to prohibit cutting trees without licenses / encroach reserves
      • Establishing forest research station to research on best tree species.
      • Encouraging agro-forestry
      • Creation of forest reserves for indigenous trees/abetment of areas to rehabilitate forests.
      • Creating public awareness/education on mass media on importance.
      • Setting up Nyayo tea zones has helped to prevent encroachment.
      • Introduction of afforestation and re-afforestation programme to increase area under forest.
      • Support NGO'S such as greenbelt movement/ NEMA, KWS
      • Encourage recycling of wood products
        (4x1=4mks)
        
   4. 1. Explain 4 factors favouring growth of natural forests on the slope of Mt. Kenya.
         • High rainfall throughout the year favour flourishing growth of
         • Deep,fertile volcanic soils enhance growth and anchorage.
         • Gazettement of forest reserve prohibits cultivation and settlement on forest land.
         • Very steep slopes discourages settlement leaving forestry as the best alternative
         • Rugged terrain discourages agriculture favouring forestry
         • Cool climate / temperature in Kenya highlands favours growth of trees.
         • Varied altitude which favour growth of different type of trees
           (4x2= 8mks)
           
      2. Three types of indigenous hardwood trees found in Kenyan forests
         • Mvule
         • Meru Oak
         • Elgon teak
         • Elgon olive
           (3x1 = 3mks)
           
9.  
   1.  
      1. Population distribution refers to the way people are spread out on land
      2. Population density is concentration of people per unit area.
         (2x1=2mks)
         
   2.  
      1. Two primary sources of population data.
         • Registration of persons (by birth/death/marriage
         • National census
           (2x1=2mks)
      2. Information derived from population pyramid.
         • Sample survey 
         • Size of population 
         • Different age groups
         • Proportion of male to females
         • The composition of sex
         • Mortality ratio 
         • The proportion of youth/working / ageing
         • Dependency ratio
         • Life expectancy
           (4x1=4mks)
           
   3.  
      1. Differentiate between population in Kenya and Sweden.
         • Kenya has large number of yourth below 20years while Sweden has an age population
         • Kenyans population was low life expectancy while Sweden has high lifxpectancy.
         • Kenya has high birth rate while Sweden was low ferenity rate.
         • Kenyans high population live in rural areas while Sweden most people are in urban
         • The population growth rate is high in Kenya while its low in Sweden.
           (3x2=6mks)
           
      2. Five consequences of high population density in the central highlands of Kenya.
         • Land fragmentation/shortage
         • Shortage of food due to high demand
         • Soil erosion due to clearing land for settlement
         • Increased demand for basic services-food, security
         • Interference with water catchment areas.
         • High un employment rates
         • Low per capital income / poverty
         • High dependency ratio
         • High population growth creates market for goods
         • Congestion in towns (traffic delays/Jams)
           (5x1=5mks)
           
      3. Four significance of population structure
         • Helps in economic planning 
         • Helps in buldgeting
         • Helps in calculation of dependency ratio
         • Helps in calculating sex ratio
         • Helps determine changes infertility and mortality over a given period of time.
         • Government provision of essential basic services such a schools.
         • Creation of job opportunities.
           (4x1=4mks) 
           
10. 1. 1. Land reclamation is a process by which unproductive or less productive land is converted into more useful land while land rehabilitation is the restoration of land that has been destroyed / ruined misused to its former productive state.    (2mks)
       2. What is a polder
          A polder is a piece of land reclaimed from the sea         (2mks)
    2. Two methods of land reclamation in Kenya
       • Irrigation
       • Afforestation
       • Introduction/growing of drought resistant crops.
       • Control of soil erosion
       • Draining swamps in flooded areas
       • Adding manure / fertilizers
         (2mks)
    3. Three physical factors that influenced location of Mwea Irrigation scheme
       • Presence of black cotton soil that retain water
       • Gentle slopes/rolling plains / undulating land scape to allow water flow by gravity / for mechanization.
       • Availability of water from R. Thiba/Nyaminchi Murabaru/Inadequate/Semi arid conciliation that necessitude irrigation.
       • Availability of extensive land for future expansion
         (6mks)
    4.  
       1. Stages involved in land reclamation in the Netherland
          
          • Dykes /Sea walls were constructed to enclose the land to be reclaimed.
          • Ring sanely were constructed on interior of dykes.
          • Pumping stations were installed
          • Water was pumped out
          • Reeds were planted to drain excess water
          • Drainage pipes were laid below the soil.
          • Drainage pipes were laid below the soil.
          • Road network was established to facilitate movement.
          • The area was subdivided into polders
          • The soil was flashed with fresh water treated with chemicals to lower security
          • Pumping out of water was made continues and plots leased to formers.
            NB: sequence must be followed
            (7mks)
       2. Compare land reclamation in Kenya and Netherlands under the following;
          
          • Scale of operation in Kenya reclamation is on small scale while in Netherlands is on large scale.
            (2mks)
          • Agricultural out put - Little out put realized in Kenya while in Netherland it has high output that leads to exports.
    5. Two main projects of land reclamation in Netherlands.
       
       • Delta plan
       • Zaiden Zee          (2mks)