MOKASA Joint Evaluation Examination Agriculture Paper 2 2016- Pre MOCK with answers

SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. Name four dairy breeds of goats.(2marks)

   -Saanen
   -Toggenburg
   -British alpine
   -Anglo-Nubian
   -Jamnapari .

2. Give four characteristics of clean and high quality milk. (2marks)

   -Free from disease pathogens
   -Free from hair , dirt ,dust
   -Good keeping quality
   -Good flavor
   -Free from adulteration with water ;

3. Name two classes of livestock feedstuff. (1mark)

   -Roughage
   -Concentrates

4. Give three systems of out breeding. (1.5marks)

   -Out crossing
   -Cross breeding
   -Up grading / grading up

5. Give the pathogens that cause the following livestock diseases.
   1. Anthrax (0.5marks)

       Bacterium/Bacillus anthracis

   2. Gumboro (0.5 marks)

       Virus / Birna virus

6. State two reasons for hoof trimming in livestock. (1mark)

   -Facilitate easy movement
   -Control foot rot disease
   -Prevent ram from injuring ewe during tupping

7. Give four symptoms of Newcastle disease. (2marks)

   –Difficulties in breathing
   -Beaks remain wide open with strained necks
   -Dullness of birds
   -Birds stand with eyes closed
   -Loss of appetite
   -Nasal discharge
   -Walking with a staggering motion
   -Drooping wings and beaks
   -Watery green diarrhea
   -Soft shelled eggs .

8. State four management activities done to piglets immediately after parturition. (2marks)

   -Piglets breath by removal of mucus
   -Warmth provision by beddings provision
   -weighing
   -Suckle colostrums
   -Naval cords disinfection
   -After births disposal
   -Iron injection administration

9. Give four predisposing factors of mastitis in dairy cows. (2marks)

   -Age ,old animals more prone
   -Stage of lactation
   -Udder attachment
   -Incomplete milking
   -Wounds on teats
   -Poor sanitation ;Poor milking .

10. State four routine management practices carried out on a replacement stock that is a heifer.(2marks)

     -Control internal and external parasites
    -Control diseases
    -Effect identification
    -Remove extra teats
    -Effect dehorning

11. Outline two control measures of roundworms. (1mark)

    -Avoid contaminating livestock feeds with faeces
    -Initiate rotational grazing to break the cycle
    -Improve sanitation by removal of dung
    -Use appropriate antihelminths
    -Use latrines

12. Give two maintenance practices carried out on a barbed wire fence. (1mark)

    -Straighten loose wires
    -Splice broken wires
    -Replace worn out posts
    -Replace broken droppers and brace posts .

13. 1. Name a pig breed that is purely black with a long back and drooping ears. (0.5mark)

        Duroc jersey

    2. Name four materials collected by bees . (2 marks)

       -Nectar
       -Pollen
       -Propolis
       -water

14. State four mechanical methods of controlling ticks.(2marks)

    -Burning the infected pastures
    -Altering the environment by ploughing or top dressing with lime
    -Fencing off the pasture
    -Starving the ticks to death by interrupting the lifecycle
    -Picking and killing  

15. Give two roles of ovaries in a cow’s reproductive system. (1mark)

    -Produce female gametes
    -Produce hormones that induce estrus

16. State four reasons that make keeping of rabbits popular. (2marks)

    -Occupy little space
    -Provide cheap source of protein
    -Their food is cheap and plenty
    -Fast growth rate
    -High prolificacy with good management.

17. Give two roles of a bee drone. (1 mark)

    -Mates with the queen
    -Flaps the wings controlling temperature

18. State four management practices carried out in a deep litter system of poultry keeping. (2marks)

    -Turning litter
    -Cleaning feed and water troughs
    -Egg collection twice a day
    -Food and water provision adlibitum
    -Adequate perches
    -Adequate laying boxes
    -Hang green vegetables to avoid boredom.

19. Name two functions of a clutch in the tractors transmission system. (1mark)

    -Connection or disconnection of the driveshaft
    -Take off smoothly without a jerk.

    SECTION B (20 MARKS)
    Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
    
    
20. The diagrams below represent some farm tools and equipment. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
    
    
    
    
    1. Identify the tools labeled A and B (2 marks)

       A - stock and die
       B - plumb bob

    2. State one use of each of the tools labeled C and D (2 marks)

       C-chops forage for livestock.  D-cuts wool from a sheep’s body

    3. Explain one maintenance practice carried out on tool D. (1 mk)

       -Cleaning after use
       -sharpening the blades

21. The diagram below represents a foundation of a farm structure .Study it and answer questions that follow.
    
    
    
    
    1. Identify the parts labeled E and F. (2 marks)

        E - Hardcore    F - Damp proof material  /PVC [polyvinyl chloride]

    2. State two uses of part labeled F in a foundation structure. (2mks)

       -Prevents water rising beyond the floor or wall.
       -Prevents insects beyond the floor or wall.

    3. What ingredients are used to complete part G. (1mk)

       -sand
       -cement

22. The diagram below illustrates an internal parasite of livestock.
    
    
    
    
    1. Identify the parasite above. (1mk)

       Tapeworm

    2. Name two common species of the parasite illustrated above. (2mks)

       -Taenia solium/pig tapeworm;
       -Taenia saginata/beef tapeworm

    3. Give two control measures of the above parasite. (2mks)

       -Suitable antihelminths;
       -Disinfect livestock houses
       -Rotational grazing to break lifecycle
       -Feed troughs and water troughs kept clean
       -Proper disposal of human faeces
       -Meat inspection
       -Proper meat cooking.

23. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow.
    
    
    
    
    1. Which of the above cows shows the signs of heat? (1mk)

        J

    2. Give one reason to confirm your answer in (a) above.

        J  stands still when mounted by K

    3. State two benefits of natural mating system. (2mks)

       -More accurate due to heat detection by males;
       -Less laborious
       -Useful when heat signs cannot be detected.

    4. Name a disease that is easily spread by this method of mating. (1mk)

       -Brucellosis/contagious abortion
       -Trichomonas spp.

       
       SECTION C (40 MARKS)
       Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided.
       
       
24. 1. Describe six signs of farrowing in a sow. (6mks)

       –Restlessness of a sow
       -Enlarged vulva
       -Muscles slacken on either side of the tail
       -Loss of appetite
       -Enlarged udder and teats
       -Making a nest at a corner;
       -Presence of milk in the teats.

    2. Explain six benefits of the Kenya top bar hive. (6mks)

       -Bars can be removed for inspection
       -Honey combs can be removed without disturbing the brood
       -High quality honey is achieved without combs
       -More wax is harvested
       -Easy to construct and repair
       -Queen excluder separates the brood from honey
       -Cheap to construct

    3. Explain eight factors considered when siting farm structures. (8mks)

       -Location of the farmstead should be at the central position of the farm
       -All the farm structures should be accessible;-All structures should be well drained
       -Stenchy enterprises like piggery, compost pit, poultry unit, silo should be on the leeward of the homestead
       -Structures that are related should be close to one another for the efficiency of labour
       -Farmers tastes and preferences should be considered like sheltering the homestead or improving the panorama
       -Amenities like water and electricity should be close to the homestead
       -All structures should be constructed on a gently sloping piece of land
       -Structures should be constructed on infertile land so that crops are established on fertile ground.
       -Structures should be secure by being built close to the homestead.

25. 1. Describe rinder pest disease under the following sub headings .
       Animals affected. (2marks)

       -Ruminants [cattle ,sheep ,goats ] , pigs ,wild animals that are cloven hooves.

       Causal organism. (1 mark)

        Rinderpest virus (RPV)

       Symptoms of attack. (5 marks)

       -Fever /high temperature
       -staring coat
       -Discharge from mouth and nose
       -Watery eyes
       -Diarrhea and dysentery
       -Mouth and nose mucous membranes are red
       -Emaciation in animals
       -Grinding teeth
       -Death in 2-10 days after incubation.

       Control measures. (2 marks)

       -Vaccination every 6 months
       -Quarantine after an outbreak
       -Nurse animals with a disinfectant on the wounds
       -All affected animals killed.

    2. Describe the digestion of food in poultry from the beak to the duodenum. (5marks)

       -Food swallowed by the beak to the crop
       -Crop stores food temporarily
       -Food is moistened with water in the crop
       -Food proceeds to the proventriculus which is the true stomach that has pepsin which digests protein
       -Food moves to the gizzard that has tough muscles that slide and contain sand that crushes food
       -Food proceeds to the duodenum which has enzymes that digest starch , fats and oils and also protein .

    3. Explain five uses of solar energy in a farm. (5marks)

       -Drying of farm produce
       -Heating water for dairy and domestic use
       -Processing/distillation of clean drinking water
       -Generate electricity for lighting
       -Electricity to run milk coolants ,milking machines ,brooders ,incubators
       -Used for cooking with special cookers .

26. 1. Describe the working of a two stroke cycle engine. (10mks)

       -Induction and compression stroke
       -Piston moves upwards to uncover the inlet port
       -Fuel- air mixture is drawn into the crankcase
       -Piston compresses fuel
       –air mixture in the engine block
       -Power and exhaust stroke follow
       -Piston is pushed downwards after ignition
       -The inlet port is covered
       -Piston moves further down to uncover the exhaust port for burnt gases emission
       -Fuel-air mixture is also led to the engine block from the crankcase
       -After the connecting rod rotates the crankshaft it moves up to block the exhaust port.

    2. Explain five factors considered when siting a fish pond. (5mks)

       -Source of water to be close
       -Soil type preferably clay soil to hold water
       -Liner in absence of clay soil ,heavy duty polythene liner is spread on the bottom and sides of the pond
       -Locate the pond on a gently sloping area to allow flow of water
       -Avoid a ground that has cracks or anthills to stop loss of water
       -Soil dag is used for the construction of dykes
       -The floor of the pond is made smooth to ease harvesting using seine nets
       -Out let and spillway should be erected

    3. Explain five reasons for swarming of bees. (5mks)

       -Shortage of food and water
       -Outbreak of diseases and parasites
       -Damage of brood and combs
       -Lack of adequate ventilation in the hive
       -Dampness and bad smell
       -Sick and infertile queen
       -Overcrowding .