Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Momaliche Pre Mock Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS

• This paper has two sections A and B
• Answer ALL the questions in section A  in the spaces provided
• Answer only THREE questions in section B in the spaces provided

Section A

1.  
   1. what is environment?     (2mrks)
   2. State three reasons  why  we  study  Geography. (3mrks)
2.  
   1. Study  the  diagram  of  the seven  folk  dam power  project  provided  below and  use  it  to  answer  the  question  that  follows.
      
      Identify the dam label U and V.  (2mrks)
   2. State  three  physical   factors  that  have  favoured  the  establishment  of  the  seven  folk  power  project.  (3mrks)
3.  
   1. Name  two exotic  breads  of  dairy  cattle  reared  in  Kenya. (2mrks)
   2. State  three  physical  condition   that  favours  dairy  farming  in  Denmark. (3mrks)
4.  
   1.  
      1. The diagram below shows a fishing ground in Pacific Ocean.
         
         Identify the fishing ground shown above. (1mrks)
      2. Name two types of fish species found in the fishing ground above. (2mrks)
   2. State two physical factors that have influenced the development of fishing in Japan. (2mrks).
5. Outline the stages through which land is reclaimed from the sea in the Netherland.  (5mrks)

Section B

6. Answer question 6 and any other 2 questions.
   The table below shows Kenya’s export between 1991 and 1994 in millions of shillings.

   Crop	1991	1992	1993	1994
   Tea	35	31	32	29
   Coffee	32	29	31	28
   Wheat	25	20	23	18
   Sugarcane	28	24	26	25

   1.  
      1. Using a scale of  1cm rep 10M, Draw a cumulative bar graph to represent the above data. (9mrks)
      2. State three advantages of using cumulative bar graphs (3marks)
   2. Explain four reasons why Kenya import sugar. (8mrks).
   3. State five systematic stages in the processing of tea in a factory. (5mrks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. Distinguish between eco-tourism and domestic tourism. (2mrks)
      2. Explain three ways in which human factors have favored the existence of wildlife in Kenya. (6mrks)
   2.  
      1. State how culture and tradition has contributed to tourism in Switzerland. (4mrks)
      2. What efforts has Switzerland made in order to develop her tourism? (3mrks)
   3.  
      1. Explain four negative effects of tourism in Kenya. (8mrks).
      2. Name two animals which make L. Nakuru a major tourist attraction. (2mrks)
8. Use the map of East Africa below to answer the question that follows.
   
   1.  
      1. Identify  the  minerals  mined  in  the  area  marked J, K, L and M. (4mrks)
      2. Name three methods of mining. (3mrks)
      3. Name  two  sea port  through  which some  of  the minerals  mined in East  Africa  are  exported. (2mrks)
   2. State five factors that influence the exploitation of minerals. (5marks)
   3. Explain four ways in which soda ash contributes to the economy of Kenya. (8mrks)
   4. State three ways in which mining derelict can be reclaimed. (3mrks).
9.  
   1.  
      1. What is forestry? (2marks)
      2. Explain three factors  that  favours  the growth  of  natural  forest  on  the slope  of  Mt.Kenya. (6mrks)
      3. State  five  factors  that  have  led  to  reduction  of  the  area  under  forest  on  the  slope  of  Mount  Kenya. (5marks)
   2. Explain  four  measures  that  the  government  of  Kenya  is  taking  to  conserve  forest  in  the  country. (8mrks)
   3. Give  the  differences  in  the  exploitation  of  softwood  forest  in  Kenya  and  Canada  under the following  subheadings:
      1. Period of harvesting.       (2mrks)
      2. Transportation.    (2mrks).
10.  
    1.  
       1. Define  the term  agriculture. (2mrks)
       2. Name three wheat producing provinces in Canada. (3mrks)
    2. Describe the cultivation of wheat under the following.
       1. Processing of wheat. (5mrks)
       2. Marketing of wheat. (2mrks)
    3. Give five reasons why the growing of flowers in green house is preferred in Kenya. (5mrks)
    4.  
       1. Name two exotic breed of beef cattle reared in Kenya. (2mrks)
       2. Explain three physical conditions that favors beef farming in Argentina. (6mrks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

1.  
   1. Environment refers to  external conditions that surround a plant or an animal and have influence on their activities
   2.  
      • Geography as a subject helps learners to develop skills of observing, reading analyzing and interpreting maps, photographs, charts etc.
      • One may develop a career in Geography 
      • Through the study of field work, Geography teaches one how to manage time properl
      •  It creates awareness in the people on the significance of management and conservation of environment
      • It enables one to learn and explain the origin of the earth, the solar system and internal structure of the earth.
2.  
   1.  
      1. U- Masinga 
      2. V- Kindaruma
   2.  
      • Presence of catchment areas which provides a continuous water supply to turn turbines. 
      • Presence of hard basement rocks which provide firm foundation for construction of dams 
      • Presence of deep narrow valley to hold the reservoir and save cost of construction of a dam.
3.  
   1. Fresian, Ayshire, Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney
   2.  
      • The landscape is gentle suitable for grazing 
      • The climate has warm temperature that allow outdoor grazing 
      • Cool climate suitable for pasture growing
      • Moderate rainfall that support growth of grass
      • Presence of fertile clay soil that support high pasture
4.  
   1.  
      1. north west pacific fishing ground
      2. Salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardine, cod
   2.  
      • the broad shallow continental shelve favors the growth of planktons leading to more fish. 
      • indented coastline and island which favors fish breeding. 
      • The landscape of japan hinders the development of agriculture therefore forms an alternative form of economic activity 
      • Convergence of warm and cold ocean currents which provide a suitable habitat for planktons on which fish feed
5.  
   • protective dykes are constructed enclosing the part of the sea to be reclaimed
   • Rings canals are constructed 
   • Pumping station are installed to pump out sea water from the area enclosed by the dyke
   • Water is pumped out of the area enclosed by the dyke 
   • Drainage ditches and more pumping stations are made on the land being reclaimed.
   • Drainage pipes are laid below the soil
   • The area is divided into rectangular portions using inner dykes and ring canals
   • The drained land is flushed with fresh water top remove salt from the soil. 
   • Soil are treated with chemicals to remove salinity.
   • Pumping water from the polders is a continuous process to prevent water from accumulating in the reclaimed land.
   • Reclaimed land is subdivided ready for settlement and agriculture 

Section B

6.  
   1.  
      1. Graph paper
         Cumulative table √¹ 
         

         Crop	1991		1992		1993		1994
         Tea	35	35	31	31	32	32	29	29
         Coffee	32	67	29	60	31	63	28	57
         Sugarcane	28	95	24	84	26	89	25	82
         Wheat	25	120	20	104	23	112	18	100

         
         
      2.  
         • Different variables can be represented on one bar
         • Totals of components for individual years are clearly brought out
         • They present a clear comparison of production of quantities within a given year
   2.  
      • mismanagement of sugar industries lead to their collapse and hence need to supplement local supplies
      • Pests such as rodents and diseases such as ranted stunt the amount of commodities produced hence need for importation. 
      • Kenya is not self-sufficient in these commodities because of high population hence need for importation. 
      • Subdivision/land fragmentation of former large scale farms due to land pressure has led to a reduction in production.
      • Prolonged drought reduce the quantities produced 
      • unreliable rainfall lead to shortage necessitating importation to supplement the locally produced wheat. 
   3.  
      • Weighing at the factory  
      •  Leaves are withered using warm air
      • Leaves are passed through a set of rollers 
      • Leaves are fermented- they are rosted in drier until they turn black 
      • Leaves are sieved 
      • Processed tea is graded, tasted and packed for market, domestic or export. 
7.  
   1.  
      1. Ecotourism is the visiting of place of interest while conserving the environment WHILE domestic tourism is the visit of citizens of a country to places of interest within the country
      2.  
         • Creation of national parks to protect  wildlife 
         • Training vetinary personnel to treat sick animals
         • Laws has been enacted to protect wildlife e.g against poaching 
         • Creation of animals’ orphanages home where sick wildlife can be taken care of. 
   2.  
      1.  
         • the varieties of languages e.g French, Germany and English facilitate the development of tourism
         • Cottage industry especially handcraft is part of Swiss people’s tradition and attract tourist 
         • The traditional dances such as Scottish, polka and waltz attract tourists
         • The traditional dresses such as ‘dirnd’ 
      2.  
         • advertisement of tourist attraction site and scenario abroad. 
         • Expansion and maintenance of facilities like transport and hotels
         • Efficient banking and policy of neutrality attract financiers e.g France and Germany
         • Maintenance of transport and communication facilities e.g excellent roads 
   3.  
      1.  
         • Importation of luxury goods drains country of its foreign exchange
         • Tourist facilities are developed at the expense of other development projects like roads, airstrip, health facilities, etc
         • Presence of tourist can lead to moral degradation 
         • Most tourists pay for their upkeep abroad causing the country to lose some of the profit
         • Some tourists could be agent to spread some diseases such as HIV/AIDS 
      2.  
         • flamingos
         • Rhinos 
         • Pelicans 
8.  
   1.  
      1.  
         • J- Fluorspar 
         • K- Gold
         • L- Diamond
         • M- Copper
      2.  
         • Dredging 
         • Open cast 
         • Shaft 
         • Solution 
      3.  
         • Mombasa
         • Dar es salaam 
   2.  
      • Mode of occurrence 
      • Quality of the ore 
      • Level of technology 
      • Availability of market
      • Availability of transport facilities
      • Government policy
   3.  
      • Soda ash is exported to earn foreign exchange which is used in the economic development of the country
      • It creates employment opportunities to Kenyans hence improving living standards
      •  Provides raw materials to the manufacturing industries leading to industrialization e.g glass manufacturing 
      •  It has led to the development of social amenities in the area and has led to the growth of magadi town
      • It has led to the growth of local and foreign tourism
      •  It provide revenue to the government through taxes 
   4.  
      • Planting trees
      • Creating a park to attract tourists
      • Refiling the holes with soil 
      • Landscaping for settlements or farming
      • Introducing aqua culture 
9.  
   1.  
      1. Forestry is the science of planting, caring and using trees/ forests and their resources 
      2.  
         • The area receive high rainfall throughout the year which encourages continuous growth of trees 
         • The area has deep fertile soil that allow the roots to penetrate deep into the ground to support the trees 
         • The area has well drained soil thus there is no water logging which can chock plants and interfere with their growth
         • The area ha moderate cool climate ideal for the growth of a variety of trees
         • The area is gazeted forest reserve, settlement and cultivation are prohibited hence allowing forest to grow without interference
   2.  
      • The government is enacting laws to prohibit the cutting of trees without a license 
      •  There is establishment of NEMA to coordinate environmental management and conservation activities 
      •  The government has set aside national tree planting day to encourage people to plant more trees
      • The government is advising people to practice agroforestry so as to avoid cutting trees from the forest
      • The government is employing forest guard to protect forest from fire
   3.  
      1. Period of havesting is done throughout the year in Kenya while in Canada havesting is in winter and early spring
      2. Transportation in Kenya, logs are transported by road while in Canada transport is mainly by water
10.  
    1.  
       1. agriculture refers to cultivation of crops and domestication of animals 
       2.  
          • alberta 
          • Manitoba 
          • Saskatchewan
    2.  
       1.  
          • Weighing 
          • wheat is ground into tiny particles. This is done in flour mills
          • Tiny particles are sieved out 
          •  The yellow flour is bleached
          • bleaching gives white color to wheat flour
          • Grading, packing ready for sell
       2.  
          • Wheat is sold on local 
          • Producer sell wheat or millers e.g unga
    3.  
       • the plant do not suffer effects of excessive rainfall, hailstone and strong winds 
       • The plants will not be affected by drought because they are constantly watered 
       • The spread of pests and diseases is easily controlled
       • It is easier to control the amount of moisture that flower require 
       • Uniform and constant climatic condition for plants are created 
       • The flowers are grown throughout the year
    4.  
       1. Hereford, Galloway, red angus, charolais 
       2.  
          • gently sloppy land enables easy movement of animals 
          • Presence of warm temperature which is ideal for growth of pasture
          • Fertile soil washed from foothills of Andes by rain and river eastwards to the dry areas. The fertile soils have given rise to good natural pasture 
          • Well distributed rainfall throughout the year favors the growth of good pasture as well as ensuring regular supply of water for cattle