History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Sukellemo Joint Pre Mock Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS

• This paper consists of three section A,B and C
• Answer all the questions in section A, any three in section B and any two in section C

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. Give two methods used by elders to pass information to the young generation on History and Government in the traditional African communities. (2mks)
2. State two disadvantages of using caves as shelters by the early human beings during the stone age period. (2mks)
3. State two negative effects of the land enclosure system in Britain during the 18th Century. (2mks)
4. Give the main reason why the camel was preferred as the means of transport during the Trans-Saharan Trade. (1mk)
5. Outline one role that was played bt the middlemen during the Trans-Atlantic Trade. (1mk)
6. Give two main features of the Romen roads by 300 AD. (2mks)
7. Give two benefits of the development of the railway transport in Europe during the 19th century. (2mks)
8. State two advantages of using fire and smoke signals to pass messages in traditional societies. (2mks)
9. State one ways in which the growth of the city of Cairo was influenced by the River Nile. (1mk)
10. Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (1mk)
11. Name the leader of the Lozi who collaborated with the British in the late 19th Century. (1mk)
12. Identify two Europeans activities in Africa during the 19th Century. (2mks)
13. Outline two similar methods used to recruit African labour in the British and French colonies in Africa. (2mks)
14. State one economic problem that was experienced by the British colonialists in Nigeria. (1mk)
15. Name the political party that led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957. (1mk)
16. Identify one political reform introduced by Fredrick de clerk that led to the achievement of black majority rule in South Africa. (1mk)
17. Name the country that was blamed for the outbreak of World war 1. (1mk)

SECTION B ( 45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. State five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
    2. Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period. (10mks)
19.  
    1. State five disadvantages of using barter method of trade during the Trans-saharan trade: (5mks)
    2. Describe the organization of the Trans-saharan trade. (10mks)
20.  
    1. Identify five forms of print media used in communication. (5mks) 
    2. Explain five positive effects of telecommunication in a society. (10mks)
21.  
    1. State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana. (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10mks)

SECTION C ( 30 MARKS)

22.  
    1. Give three functions of Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3mks)
    2. Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19th Century. (12mks)
23.  
    1. Outline three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four communes of Senegal. (3mks) 
    2. Explain six effects of the British direct rule in Zimbabwe. (12mks)
24.  
    1. Give three reasons why the United States of America (USA) did not join the First World War until 1917. (3mks)
    2. Explain six effects of the First World War. (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

1. Give two methods used by elders to pass information to the young generation on History and Government in the traditional African communities. (2mks)
   1. Through proverbs
   2. Through legends
      
   3. Through stories/folktales/narratives
   4. Through riddles
   5. Through myths
   6. Dances
2. State two disadvantages of using caves as shelters by the early human beings during the stone age period. (2mks)
   1. The caves could collapse over them
   2. Wild creatures could bite them/animals
   3. Human enemies could easily attack them
   4. Caves were exposed to floods/wind/cold
3. State two negative effects of the land enclosure system in Britain during the 18th Century. (2mks)
   1. It displaced the poor people/landlessness
   2. It forced the poor people to migrate to urban centres
   3. It increased pauperism/poverty in Europe
   4. It created immigrants to other parts of the world.
4. Give the main reason why the camel was preferred as the means of transport during the Trans-Saharan Trade. (1mk)
   • It could withstand harsh desert conditions
5. Outline one role that was played bt the middlemen during the Trans-Atlantic Trade. (1mk) 
   1. They transported goods to and from the interior/porters.
   2. They obtained goods in the interior
      
   3. They exchanged/traded with European traders at the coast.
6. Give two main features of the Romen roads by 300 AD. (2mks)
   1. They were straight
   2. They were well drained
   3. They were durable
   4. They had bridges/channels
7. Give two benefits of the development of the railway transport in Europe during the 19th century. (2mks)
   1. Goods could be transported with ease
   2. It enabled trade to expand
   3. It led to the development of urban centres/towns
   4. It promoted industrialization
   5. It created the employment opportunities
   6. It eased the movement of people
   7. It was source of government revenue
   8. It led to exploitation of natural resources such as mining, fisheries and forests.
8. State two advantages of using fire and smoke signals to pass messages in traditional societies. (2mks)
   1. Messages could only be understood by the communities using them/messages were limited to the users.
   2. They conveyed messages faster.
   3. It was a cheaper method of sending messages
   4. Messages could reach many people /visibility
9. State two ways in which the growth of the city of Cairo was influenced by the River Nile. (2mks)
   1. It was used for transport
   2. It provided water for domestic/industrial use
      
   3. The Nile Valley was fertile/agriculture
10. Identify one symbol of unity in the Shona kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (1mk)
    1. Mwene Mutapa/king/emperor
    2. The Roral fire
11. Name the leader of the Lozi who collaborated with the British in the late 19th Century. (1mk) 
    • Lewanika
12. Identify two Europeans activities in Africa during the 19th Century. (2mks)
    1. Trading/legitimate trade
    2. Spreading Christianity
    3. Exploring
    4. Establishing settlements
    5. Establishing colonial rule/colonization
    6. Establishing Western education
    7. Establishing health facitities
    8. Mining
    9. Agriculture activities
    10. Stopping slave trade and slavery
13. Outline two similar methods used to recruit African labour in the British and French colonies in Africa. (2mks)
    1. Imposition of taxes on Africans
    2. They used chiefs to recruit labour
    3. They introduced forced labour.
14. State one economic problem that was experienced by the British colonialists in Nigeria. (1mk)
    1. They lacked adequate funds
       
    2. Poor transport/communication undermined their work
    3. They lacked adequate skilled labour
15. Name the political party that led Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957. (1mk)
    • The Convention People’s Party (C.P.P)
16. Identify one political reform introduced by Fredrick de clerk that led to the achievement of black majority rule in South Africa. (1mk)
    1. He released all the political prisoners
    2. Appealed apartheid Laws. E.g Pass laws.
    3. Allowed Africans to join political parties/participate in elections
17. Name the country that was blamed for the outbreak of World war 1. (1mk)
    • Germany

SECTION B ( 45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. State five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
       1. Aegyptopichecus (Egyptian ape)
       2. Dryopithecus africanus/Proconsul/woodland
       3. Kenyapichecus (Kenya ape) / Ramapithecus (Asian ape)
       4. Austrolopithecus (southern ape) Zinjathropus/Nutcrucker man
       5. Homo habilis (handy man)
       6. Homo erectus (upright man)
       7. Homo sapien (intelligent man)
       8. Homo sapien sapiens (modern man)
    2. Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period. (10mks)
       1. Microlithic tools were widely used which were more efficient/effective in farming/hunting/defence
       2. They lived in more permanent shelter made of tree branches/leaves/grass which protected them from harsh climatic conditions/wild animals.
       3. They practiced agriculture thus were ensured regular/adequate supply of food
       4. Man led a more sedentary life thereby enabling them to carry out other activities.
       5. They developed a system of government in order to control the conduct of the people
       6. They developed religious beliefs/practices which they used to explain mysteries of nature/natural phenomena.
19.  
    1. State five disadvantages of using barter method of trade during the Trans-saharan trade: (5mks) 
       1. It only occurred when there was double coincidence of want
       2. Some goods were not divisible
       3. Lack of common language undermined it
       4. It lacked a common measure of value
       5. Some goods were bulky/difficult to carry
       6. Some goods were perishable.
    2. Describe the organization of the Trans-saharan trade. (5mks)
       1. It involved the Berbers/Arabs from North Africa who traded with people of Western Sudan.
       2. There were middlemen who coordinated trading activities between the two regions/rich merchants from the North trade
       3. The Tuaregs guided/protected the traders from possible attacks
       4. The camels were used as the main means of transport across the desert
       5. The traders were organized into caravans in order to enhance security across the desert.
       6. Barter/silent trade was used as the traders lacked a common language. 
       7. Trade goods were sourced from both North African and Western Sudan/Western Africa/North Africa salt, horses, guns, clothes, mirrors, Western Sudan: slaves, gold, kolanuts, ivory, animal skin, ostrich feathers.
       8. There were definite trade routes followed by the traders in order to avoid getting lost.
       9. Kings/chiefs maintained law and order in their territory thereby creating a conducive trading environment.
       10. The traders made stops at the oasis to refresh themselves and let their camels drink water.
       11. The rulers in Western Sudan regulated trade/controlled the amount of good/levied taxes/received gifts.
20.  
    1. Identify five forms of print media used in communication. (5mks) i
       1. Books
       2. Newspapers
       3. Magazines
       4. Journal/periodicals
       5. Newsletters
       6. Brochures.
       7. Braille
       8. Posters
    2. Explain five positive effects of telecommunication in a society. (10mks)
       1. It enables storage of information for future use/reference
       2. It enables faster transmission of information hence saves time
       3. It provides entertainment/recreation thereby enabling positive use of leisure time 
       4. It enhances reality as live pictures are transmitted to the viewers.
       5. It promotes trade through e-commerce/e-banking/advertisement thus making
21.  
    1. State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana. (5mks)
       1. The unemployment of young educated people.
       2. The existence of elite
       3. High prices of consumer goods/the poor prices of cocoa
       4. The discontent of the ex-servicemen
       5. Africans were denied trading licences
       6. Granting of independence to India/Pakistan
       7. Influence from Pan African Movement
       8. The declaration of UN Charter
       9. Inadequate representation in the legco
       10. Forced taxation
       11. The decision by the British to built a university in Ibadan rather than in Ghana caused discontent among the Ghanaians
       12. Loss of power of local traditional chiefs.
       13. Need to guard against possible land alienation by the British united the Africans.
       14. Forced cutting of the cocoa trees.
       15. Charistmatic leadership provided by Kwame Nkruma united the people
    2. Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10mks
       1. The local people supported the fighters thereby inspiring them
       2. FRELIMO cultivated its own food which ensured regular/steady supply to the fighters.
       3. The FRELIMO fighters were familiar with the terrain which gave them advantage over the Portuguese.
       4. Support by communist countries/USSR/China inform of weapons/ammunition/finance enabled them to continue with the struggle
       5. The support given by the OAU to the FRELIMO encouraged the nationalists to continue with the struggle.
       6. FRELIMO used guerilla warfare/tactics which made it difficult for the Portuguese to defeat them
       7. The system of administration established in the liberated areas by FRELIMO appealed to the Africans who in turn supported them
       8. Friendly frontline states provided bases for operation making it difficult for the Portuguese to suppress them
       9. The recognition of the women by FRELIMO
       10. Elimination of ethinicity among the nationalists.
       11. FRELIMO strategy fo attacking from different points at the same tim
       12. The large army that outnumbered the Portuguese solders
       13. Coup in Portugal in 1974 by soldiers who were against colonial wars.

SECTION C: (30 MARKS)

22.  
    1. Give three functions of Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3mks) 
       1. It helped Kabaka in the administration
       2. It acted as final court of appeal/settled disputes
       3. It advised Kabaka
       4. It represented the people’s interests
       5. It directed the budget/collection of taxes
       6. It made laws.
    2. Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19th Century. (12mks)
       1. Tran-Atlantic trade generated a lot of wealth which enabled the empire to prosper.
       2. It had able/skilled/shrewd rulers who were courageous/development conscious
       3. They had a symbol of unity/golden stool which bonded the people together 
       4. Centralized system of administration ensured stability as there was clear command
       5. Strong agricultural base ensured regular food supply leading to growth of population.
       6. Presence of large/strong army provided defence/expanded the empire through conquest.
       7. Availability of gold enabled the kingdom to generate wealth that was used for further development.
       8. The Odwira Festival brought the leaders/people together thereby making the empire more cohesive.
       9. The need to free themselves from the oppressive Denkiyra rule.
       10. The unity of the Akan speaking people around Kumasi loyoko clan.
23.  
    1. Outline three reasons why the policy of assimilation was easily applied in the four communes of Senegal. (3mks
       1. The people had earlier interacted with the Europeans
       2. They had inter-married with the Europeans
       3. Most of the people were Christians
       4. People were exposed to the outside world due to the proximity to the Coast
       5. People were detribalized/of mixed origin/mulatoes
       6. People in the communes had learnt how to speak French
    2. Explain six effects of the British direct rule in Zimbabwe. (12mks)
       1. Africans lost large tracts of land to the White settlers thereby straining relations between the two groups.
       2. Introduction of forced labour as the White settlers required cheap labour in their farms.
       3. Formation of African Nationalist movements to address their grievances against White domination.’
       4. Loss of power by traditional rulers as the British appointed their own administrators who ruled the people directly.
       5. Imposition of taxes on Africans inorder to force them to provide labour to the Whites so as to raise money.’
       6. Africans were exposed to deplorable working conditions which exposed them to risks.
       7. Introduction of pass laws which restricted the movement of Africans.
       8. Africans were confined into reserves thereby creating room for European settlement.
       9. Exploitation of mineral resources/agricultural resources for the benefit of the colonial government at the expense of African development
       10. Loss of independence by Africans as they wee subjected to British colonial rule.’ 
       11. It undermined African culture/introduction of Western education/Christianity and separation of families.
       12. Africans were subjected to racial segregation.
       13. It let to the development of transport and communication network. xiv) Africans were subjected to poverty and suffering.
24.  
    1. Give three reasons why the United states of America (USA) did not join the First World War until 1917. (3mks)
       1. The Monroe doctrine prohibited USA involvement
       2. She had commercial/trade relations with both alliances
       3. The war had not interfered with her interests before 1917
       4. Fear of revolt by her citizens of German descent/stirring a civil war in the country.
    2. Explain six effects of the First World War. (12mks
       1. It led to massive loss of human life as conflict between opposing camps continue
       2. There was massive destruction of property/infrastructure thereby causing a lot of suffering/poverty/loss of livelihood.
       3. It led to the displacement of people thereby creating refugees/homeless people.
       4. It led to use of huge sums of money thereby weakening the economies of the countries involved/buying weapons/recruitment and maintenance of soldiers/building of roads and bridges for transportation of troops.
       5. It led to food shortages as people joined the war.
       6. It created insecurity/fear, animosity/suspicious among people increased.
       7. USA emerged as the leading world power thereby upsetting the existing balance of power in the world.
       8. It led to emergence of new nations e.g Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czachoslovakia, Poland, states as some former states disintegrated.
       9. It led to formation of the League of Nations to maintain world peac
       10. It led to the rise of nationalization of Africa and Asia.
       11. It led to spread of diseases such as STD’s and pheumonia/Spanish influenza.
       12. It led to advancement of surgery and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
       13. It led to development of transport e.g aircraft and motor vehicles.
       14. It led to the promotion of the status of women in Europe and USA
       15. Economic activities were disrupted/economic depression e.g farming industry trade.
       16. Germany’s overseas colonies an investment were taken over by the League.
       17. The size of Germany was reduced by an eight (1/8) an her population by 6.4 million.
       18. The political boundary of the Turkish Empire was reduced/Turkey lost Egypt, Syria, Palestine.
       19. Germany and her allies were made to pay her way damages amount 6.5 billion pounds or 136 billions marks.’
       20. Germany was to reduce her amy to 100,000 men/airforce disband