AGRICULTURE
FORM 1
END TERM EXAM
TERM 1 2021
INSTRUCTIONS
- Answer all the questions
- Give four aspects that entails agriculture as a science (2mks)
- Name three branches of horticultural farming. (3mrks)
- Outline four ways in which HIV/AIDS and general health influence agricultural production. (2mks)
- State two ways in which transport and communication influence the level of agricultural production.(2mks)
- List three biotic factors that influence agriculture negatively (3marks)
- State four properties of sandy soil. (2mks)
- Differentiate between extensive farming and intensive farming (2mks)
- State two advantages of large scale farming (1mk)
- Outline four advantages of practicing mixed farming (4mks)
- Give four characteristics of shifting cultivation (4mks)
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- What is organic farming? (1mk)
- State four reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (2mks)
- State the roles of agriculture in the economy of Kenya (6mks)
- List four aspects of rainfall that affect agricultural production in Kenya (4mks)
- State four ways in which temperature affects agricultural production (4mks)
-
- How does light intensity affect crop production? (1mk)
- Give five ways in which light intensity in a crop field can be increased. (5mks)
- Describe four ways in which chemical processes influence soil formation (4mks)
- Outline four factors that influence soil formation (4mks)
- The diagram below illustration an investigation on property of soil using samples labeled J,K and L
- If the level of water drained into the test tubes were observed after two hours, name the property of soil being investigated (1mk)
- What is the relationship between this property of soil and the size of soil particles (1mk)
- Which soil sample will be suitable for growing paddy rice ? (1mk)
- Name the type of soil labeled (3mks)
- J
- K
- L
- State three characteristics of soil J (3marks)
- State five categories of farm tools and equipment (5 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Give four aspects that entails agriculture as a science (2mks)
- Entomology
- Crop pathology
- Soil science
- Genetics and variation
- Agricultural economics
- Agricultural engineering (4x1/2)
- Name three branches of horticultural farming. (3mrks)
- Floriculture
- Olericulture
- Pomology (3x1/2)
- Outline four ways in which HIV/AIDS and general health influence agricultural production. (2mks)
- Shortage of labour – makes farm labour unavailable and expensive
- Increased cost of living – low income and poor purchasing power
- Low food supply – poverty sets in since less land is put under production by the affected and infected who grow weak.
- Decline in agricultural activities – funds intended for improving agriculture are diverted to buy drugs to fight HIV/AIDS (4X1/2 = 2MKS)
- State two ways in which transport and communication influence the level of agricultural production.(2mks)
- Good and efficient transport system makes it easy to move farm produce from farms to markets
- Perishable goods reach the markets in time, if transport system is efficient
- Passing message through the modern technology makes the farmers and consumers get well informed in time (2x1=2mks)
- List three biotic factors that influence agriculture negatively (3marks)
- Pests
- Parasites
- Pathogens
- Some predators (3x 1/2mks = 1 1/2)
- State four properties of sandy soil. (2mks)
- Has low water holding capacity
- Low capillary
- Large particles thus large air spaces
- Are more prone to erosion than clay and loamy soil
- Well drained (4x ½ = 2mks)
- Differentiate between extensive farming and intensive farming (2mks)
- Intensive Farming refers to an agricultural system, wherein there is high level use of labor and capital, in comparison to the land area. Extensive Farming is a farming technique, in which large farms are being cultivated, with relatively lower inputs, i.e. capital and labor.
- Intensive Farming refers to an agricultural system, wherein there is high level use of labor and capital, in comparison to the land area. Extensive Farming is a farming technique, in which large farms are being cultivated, with relatively lower inputs, i.e. capital and labor.
- State two advantages of large scale farming (1mk)
- Enjoys the economies of scale
- Creates employment as large labour force is employed
- it generates foreign exchange through sale of produce in international markets.
- The government earns revenue from the taxation of ranches and estates.
- Outline four advantages of practicing mixed farming (4mks)
- It makes better utilization of the available land
- There is diversification of farming business
- A mutual benefit exists between crops and animals
- Farmers get continuous flow of income throughout the year
- There is better conservation of water and soil. (4x1=4mks)
- Give four characteristics of shifting cultivation (4mks)
- Requires abundance of orable land for farming
- Limited capital investment ie simple hand tools are commonly used
- Inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers are rarely used.
- There is poor land management leading to low agricultural output
- Practices where there is no individual land ownership
-
- What is organic farming? (1mk)
- It is a farming method where only organic substance like manure and not chemicals are in crop and livestock production (1x1 = 1mk)
- It is a farming method where only organic substance like manure and not chemicals are in crop and livestock production (1x1 = 1mk)
- State four reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (2mks)
- The cost of production is greatly reduced
- Food produced is relatively free from chemical contamination
- It does not pollute its environs
- Organic manure improve soil structure, soil pH and microbial activity
- It does not require high level skills
- What is organic farming? (1mk)
- State the roles of agriculture in the economy of Kenya (6mks)
- Agriculture is a source of food
- It is a source of employment
- It’s a source of foreign exchange earnings
- It’s a source of raw materials for industries
- It’s a source of income or capital
- Agriculture provides market for industrial goods (6x1=6mks)
- List four aspects of rainfall that affect agricultural production in Kenya (4mks)
- Rainfall intensity
- Rainfall reliability
- Rainfall quantity/amount
- Rainfall distribution/patter (4x1=4mrks)
- State four ways in which temperature affects agricultural production (4mks)
- High temperature increases the rate of water loss in plants through evapotranspiration leading to wilting.
- Temperature affects the quality of crop products eg sugar levels in fruits sugarcane
- Temperature affects the incidence of certain crop diseases
- A rise in temperature hastens growth rate (4mks)
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- How does light intensity affect crop production? (1mk)
- Influences evapotranspiration rate in crops
- Influences rate of photosynthesis
- Low light intensity may encourage occurrence of certain pests and diseases
- Give five ways in which light intensity in a crop field can be increased. (5mks)
- Through wider spacing
- Pruning
- Staking
- Shade removal
- Weeding
- Thinning (5mks)
- How does light intensity affect crop production? (1mk)
- Describe four ways in which chemical processes influence soil formation (4mks)
- Hydration – this is the process by which certain minerals absorb water and expand causing internal stress and fracturing the rockmass
- Hydrolysis – occurs when cation in rock minerals react with hydrogen from water leading to complete decomposition of the minerals
- Carbonation – CO2 in the atmosphere react with rain water to form weak carbonic acid which it comes in contact with rocks eg cacerers rocks it dissolve it
- Outline four factors that influence soil formation (4mks)
- Parent material
- Living organisms
- Climate
- Time
- Topography (4x1= 4)
- The diagram below illustration an investigation on property of soil using samples labeled J,K and L
- If the level of water drained into the test tubes were observed after two hours, name the property of soil being investigated (1mk)
- Soil water absorption/ infiltration
- Soil water absorption/ infiltration
- What is the relationship between this property of soil and the size of soil particles (1mk)
- The bigger the soil particles, the easier it is for the soil absorb water, the smaller and closely packed the soil particles, the slower the soil absorbs water
- Which soil sample will be suitable for growing paddy rice ? (1mk)
L - Name the type of soil labeled (3mks)
- J - sand
- K - Loam
- L - Clay
- State three characteristics of soil J (3marks)
- Large soil particles
- Loose soil particles
- Poor water retension
- Low organic matter
- Coarse soil
- If the level of water drained into the test tubes were observed after two hours, name the property of soil being investigated (1mk)
- State five categories of farm tools and equipment (5 marks)
- Garden Tools and Equipment. used for preparing land and other crop activities.
- Livestock Tools and Equipment. used in livestock rearing.
- Workshop Tools and Equipment. used to repair other tool.
- Plumbing
- Masonry Tools. used in building and construction of farm houses.
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