History Questions and Answers - Form 1 Term 3 Opener Exams 2023

1. State two divisions of history. (2 marks)
2. Identify two electronic sources of information in History and Government. (2 marks)
3. Give two advantages of using written records as a source of information in History and Government. (2marks)
4. Identify two artifacts used by archaeologists to reconstruct history of the people who lived in the pre-historic sites. (2 marks)
5. Give one reason why Homo habilis was referred to as “able man” (1 mark)
6. State two disadvantages of using caves as shelters by the early humans during the stone age period. (2 marks)
7. Identify two ways through which archaeologists obtain information on the history of Kenya. (2 marks)
8. State one way in which the Agrarian revolution contributed to rural –urban migration in Europe.(2marks)
9. Identify two scientific discoveries during the 19th c which contributed to food preservation. (2marks)
10. Identify one are in Africa where agriculture began. (1 mark)
11. Name two methods of irrigation used in the development of early agriculture in Egypt. (2marks)
12. Identify one method used to plant cereal crops when early agriculture began. (1 mark)
13. State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed. (1mark)
14. Name one community in Kenya that belongs to the River lake Nilotes. (1mark)
15. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period? (1 mark)
16. State two economic activities of the Somali during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
17. Identify the official of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) who announces the winner of the presidential Election. (1 marks)

SECTION B    (45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. Give three reasons that made early human beings to live in groups during the stone Age Period.   (3marks)
    2. Explain six cultural practices of Homo Sapiens during the New Stone Age. (12 marks)
19.  
    1. Identify three crops that were domesticated along Tigris and Euphrates river Valley. (3 marks)
    2. Explains six benefits of domesticating animals by early man. (12 marks)
20.  
    1. Give five reasons which led to the migration of the cushites into Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (5marks)
    2. Explain five results of the migration and settlement of the Bantu into Kenya by 1800 A.D. (10 marks)

SECTION C  30 MARKS

21.  
    1. State the three arms of government in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Explain six rights of a Kenya citizen. (12 marks)
22.  
    1. State three similarities in the political organization of the Ameru  and the Abagusii of Kenya during the pre- colonial period. (3marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Nandi in the 19th C. (12marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. State two divisions of history. (2 marks)
   • Political history
   • Social history
   • Economic history
2. Identify two electronic sources of information in History and Government. (2 marks)
   • radios
   • televisions/films/videos
   • micro films
   • computers
3. Give two advantages of using written records as a source of information in History and Government. (2marks)
   • Ctores the information permanently
   • Can be translated to many languages
   • Are cheaper compared to archaeology
   • Cannot be distorted
   • Comparison to sources like oral traditions, removes biasness from it.
   • More accurate than oral traditions.
4. Identify two artifacts used by archaeologists to reconstruct history of the people who lived in the pre-historic sites. (2 marks)
   • Tools, pots, baskets, garments, weapons, coins, ornaments.
5. Give one reason why Homo habilis was referred to as “able man” (1 mark)
   • He was able to make tools
6. State two disadvantages of using caves as shelters by the early humans during the stone age period. (2 marks)
   • The caves could collapse over them
   • Wild creatures could bite them
   • Human enemies could easily attack them
   • Caves were exposed to floods /wind/cold
7. Identify two ways through which archaeologists obtain information on the history of Kenya.(2 marks)
   • Locating pre-historic sites
   • Excavating the sites
   • Dating the fossils
   • Recording the findings
8. State one way in which the Agrarian revolution contributed to rural –urban migration in Europe. (2marks)
   • Mechanization of farming made peasants jobless so they migrated to urban centres in search of jobs.
   • The enclosure system made many people landless
9. Identify two scientific discoveries during the 19th c which contributed to food preservation. (2marks)
   • Discovery of canning
   • Invention of refrigeration
   • Invention of pasteurization
10. Identify one are in Africa where agriculture began.(1 mark)
    • Along the valley in Egypt
11. Name two methods of irrigation used in the development of early agriculture in Egypt. (2marks)
    • Basin irrigation
    • Canal irrigation
    • Shadoof irrigation
12. Identify one method used to plant cereal crops when early agriculture began. (1 mark)
    • The broadcasting method
13. State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed. (1mark)
    • One area theory/diffusion theory
    • Independent theory
14. Name one community in Kenya that belongs to the River lake Nilotes. (1mark)
    • The Luo
15. What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period.(1 mark)
    • Due to the attacks by the Galla/Oroma
16. State two economic activities of the Somali during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
    • Nomadic pastoralism
    • Fishing near R.Tana
    • Hunting and gathering
    • Iron working
    • Trading with neighbours
17. Identify the official of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) who announces the winner of the presidential Election. (1 marks)
    • The chairman of IEBC

SECTION B (45 MARKS)

18.  
    1. Give three reasons that made early human beings to live in groups during the stone Age Period.(3marks)
       • For companionship
       • For security
       • To share resources
       • To help one another
    2. Explain six cultural practices of Homo Sapiens during the New Stone Age.(12 marks)
       • Made microlithic tools which were small and more efficient than the earlier tools
       • Lived in rock shelters to protect themselves from harsh weather/wild animals
       • Developed speech which made communication easier
       • Decorated shelters with animal paintings/hunting scenes
       • Developed government by setting rules /laws
       • Developed religious by burying the dead their possessions
       • They practiced simple art and craft work /pottery/basketry/weaving
       • They wore a variety of garments /clothing
       • They decorated their bodies with red ochre /wore ornaments
19.  
    1. Identify three crops that were domesticated along Tigris and Euphrates river Valley. (3 marks)
       • Wheat
       • Barley
       • Figs
       • Olives
       • Vines
       • vegetables
    2. Explain six benefits of domesticating animals by early man. (12 marks)
       • Animals such as cows ,sheep and goats provided food such as meat and milk
       • Horns and hooves form animals were used as containers and drinking vessels
       • Animal bones were used to makes tools weapons and ornaments
       • Donkeys camels and horses were used in transport
       • The dog provided protection/ security for man against dangerous animals
       • Cattle , goats, and sheep provided skin which was used for making clothes and beddings
20.  
    1. Give five reasons which led to the migration of the cushites into Kenya during the pre-colonial period.(5marks)
       • They were looking for pasture and water for their animals
       • They were escaping attack from neighbors
       • They left due to famine and draught in their homeland
       • They decided to spread due to an increase in population
       • Due to internal conflicts that they wanted to avoid
       • Outbreak of diseases which affected both people and livestock
       • Due to the spirit of adventure
    2. Explains five results of the migration and settlement of the Bantu into Kenya by 1800 A.D(10 marks)
       • There were inter-community conflict due to the need for land for settlement and expansion
       • They displaced the community they found in the areas they settled e.g okiek
       • The bantu intermarried with other communities eg. Cushites
       • Expansion of existing barter trade as the bantu joined the communities living there
       • Spread of iron working knowledge and skills to other parts
       • People redistribution in the areas of settlement
       • It led to increased cultural interaction e.g bantus adopted male circumcision from the cushites

SECTION C 30 MARKS

21.  
    1. State the three arms of government in Kenya. (3 marks)
       • legislature
       • judiciary
       • executive
    2. Explain six rights of a Kenya citizen. (12 marks)
       • Right to life - no one is allowed to end life intentionally either by themselves or by others
       • Right to own property- everyone has the right to acquire and own property which should not be taken away or damaged by others
       • Freedom of expression - all individuals are allowed to say what they want either verbally or through writing.
       • Freedom of movement - every individual has the right to move freely within the country except on protected areas
       • Freedom of association and assembly - every Kenyan is allowed form or join groups or assosiations
       • Freedom from slavery and forced labour - an individual should choose to be employed or not.
       • Freedom from torture- no individual should be subjected to inhuman treatment.
22.  
    1. State three similarities in the political organization of the Ameru  and the Abagusii of Kenya during the pre- colonial period. (3marks)
       • Both had council of elders
       • Both were organized into clans
       • Both had age set and age group
       • They had warriors who defended their community
    2. Describe the political organization of the Nandi in the 19th C. (12marks)
       • The basic political unit was the family headed by the father
       • The nandi were organized into clans which were made up clans which were made up of several related clans
       • The clans were controlled by a council of elders (kokwet) who tackled isues to do with grazing rights
       • There was a large social political unit called poroviet which was the highest political unit – they negotiated for peace and declared war.
       • Young men joined the junior warrior grade after circumcision and their duty was to defend the community
       • The orkoiyot was respected as a central authority and unifying factor among the nandi
       • Priests, medium, medicinemen and rainmakers were consulted before important decisions were made.