QUESTIONS
SECTION A (30MKS)
- State four reasons for castration in rams. (2 mks)
- List any four conditions that pre-dispose an animal to disease or injury (2 mks)
- State four functions of vitamins in Livestock. (2 mks)
- State four factors one would consider when choosing feed (2 mks)
- State four factors that may lead to dip wash being exhausted or weakened while in the dip tank. (2 mks)
- Give two reasons why walls of dairy shed should be white washed instead of painting with oil paints. (2 mks)
- List four tools used in laying concrete blocks. (2 mks)
- State four reasons for treating timber used for fencing. (2 mks)
- State four harmful effects of ticks to livestock (2 mks)
- State four symptoms of liver fluke attack, that may be observed in animals(2 mks)
- Outline four methods of controlling the fresh water snail. (2 mks)
- State four ways of preparing the sow for furrowing. (2 mks)
- Give two factors that may lead to conception failure after service in heifers.(2 mks)
- Give two causes of soft shell in eggs. (2 mks)
- State four management practices that would ensure maximum harvest of fish from fish pond. (2 mks)
SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
- Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labeled A – D (2 mks)
- Name the breed of dairy cattle with the highest butter fat content in milk.(1 mk)
- Distinguish between a large white and a landrace breeds of pigs (2 mks)
- Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow
- Name the disease or disorder that makes the animal behave as shown above. (1 mk)
- State three prevention measures of the above problem. (3 mks)
- Define the term Pica as used in livestock nutrition. (1 mk)
- Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow
- Name the structure shown above. (1 mk)
- State the importance of the above structure where it’s used. (1 mk)
- State three pests that affect organisms that use the above structure. (3 mks)
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- State 3 systems involved in outbreeding (3 mks)
- State two advantages of natural mating. (2 mks)
SECTION C: (40 MARKS)
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- Discuss the factors considered during selection of a breeding stock.(10 marks)
- Discuss five methods used during identification of animals. (10 mks)
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- Discuss the mechanical methods used to control ticks. (10 mks)
- Discuss the general effects of parasites on livestock. (10 mks)
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- Discuss the structural requirements of a calf pen. (14 mks)
- State six methods employed in parasites and disease control in livestock. (6 mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- State four reasons for castration in rams. (2 mks)
- Control breeding
- control breeding diseases
- faster growth
- increase quality of meat
- make them docile
- fatten them
- List any four conditions that pre-dispose an animal to disease or injury. (2 mks)
- Age of the animal
- Sex
- Colour
- Breed
- Environmental conditions
- Physiological conditions
- Heredity
- Overcrowding
- State four functions of vitamins in Livestock. (2 mks)
- Help in blood clotting
- Act as organic catalyst
- Prevent diseases in livestock
- Help in bone formation
- Help in muscular activities
- State four factors one would consider when choosing feed
- Availability of food
- Cost
- Nutrient composition
- Type of livestock
- Age of the animal
- State four factors that may lead to dip wash being exhausted or weakened while in the dip tank. (2 mks)
- Getting diluted by e.g rainwater
- Evaporation
- Leakage at the bottom
- Dirt/impurities from animal’s body.
- Give two reasons why walls of dairy shed should be white washed instead of painting with oil paints.
- To avoid poisoning by lead in paints
- Discourage insects
- To avoid tainting of milk.
- List four tools used in laying concrete blocks. (2 mks)
- Trowel
- Plumb bob/line
- Mason’s square
- String line
- Spirit level
- Wood flat
- State four reasons for treating timber used for fencing. (2 mks)
- To prevent warping
- To prevent rotting/damage by fungi
- Reduce damage by insects
- To enhance strength
- State four harmful effects of ticks to livestock (2 mks)
- Transmit diseases
- Cause anaemia
- Cause irritation
- Lower quantity and value of skin
- State four symptoms of liver fluke attack, that may be observed in animals (2 mks)
- Digestive upsets
- Swollen abdomen
- Emaciation
- Recumbency leading to death
- Anaemia
- Oedema in joints
- Outline four methods of controlling the fresh water snail. (2 mks)
- Drain stagnant water
- Physically killing the snail
- Routine drenching of animals
- Spray pasture with lime
- Burning pasture during the dry season
- State four ways of preparing the low for furrowing. (2 mks)
- Deworming the sow
- Wash the sow
- Reduce feeding gradually
- Move the sow to the furrowing pen
- Give two factors that may lead to conception failure after service in heifers. (2 mks)
- Poor timing of service
- Poor nutrition
- Infertility(heifer/bull) – Formation/femation.
- Give two causes of soft shell in eggs. (2 mks)
- Lack of calcium
- Some diseases e.g Newcastle
- State four management practices that would ensure maximum harvest of fish from fish pond. (2 mks)
- Control stocking rate
- Control water pollution
- Supply of fish food
- Aerating water
- Maintaining appropriate depth of water.
SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
- Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labeled A – D (2 mks)
- Nose –bridge
- Elbow
- Wuthers
- Muzzle
- Name the breed of dairy cattle with the highest butter fat content in milk. (1 mk)
Jersey - Distinguish between a large white and a landrace breeds of pigs (8 mks)
- Large white: White, broad and slightly dished snout and has upright ears .
- Landrace: White, straight snout and long drooping ears.
- Name the parts labeled A – D (2 mks)
- Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow
- Name the disease or disorder that makes the animal behave as shown above. (1 mk)
Milk fever - State three prevention measures of the above problem. (3 mks)
- Partial milking
- Feeding an animal with ration rich in phosphorous and calcium
- Allow animal to sunlight
- Define the term Pica as used in livestock nutrition. (1 mk)
Deprived appetite when phosphorus is missing in an animal’s diet.
- Name the disease or disorder that makes the animal behave as shown above. (1 mk)
- Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow
- Name the structure shown above. (1 mk)
Queen excluder - State the importance of the above structure where it’s used. (1 mk)
Prevents the queen bee from laying eggs in all combs. - State three pests that affect organisms that use the above structure. (3 mks)
- Ants
- Wax moth
- Bee louse
- Name the structure shown above. (1 mk)
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- State 3 systems involved in outbreeding (3 mks)
- Outcrossing
- Cross breeding
- Upgrading (grading up)
- State two advantages of natural mating. (2 mks)
- More accurate
- Less laborious (No need of checking heat signs)
- Useful when heat period is not easily detected.
- State 3 systems involved in outbreeding (3 mks)
SECTION C: (40 MARKS)
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- Discuss the factors considered during selection of a breeding stock.(10 marks)
- Level of performance
- Body conformation
- Temperament or behavior
- Adaptability
- Fertility/prolificacy
- Hereditary defects
- Health
- Age: Select young animals
- Mothering ability
- Quality of products.
(NB: Consider the relevance of explanation on each. Award a whole mark for a well explained point)(1 x 10)
- Discuss five methods used during identification of animals.(10 mks)
- Branding: Involves marking of animals on the skin with permanent marks using a hot iron with inscriptions.
- Neck strap or chain: Involves hanging metal plates bearing shapes or numbers around the neck of an animal using canvas leather strap or metal chain.
- Ear tagging: It employs use of plastic or metal tags bearing numbers or letters fixed through a hole on the ears of the animal.
- Tatooing: Employs use of permanent ink or dye on the skin of the animal.
- Ear notching: Ears of the animal are cut to make different shapes each standing for a certain value.
- Discuss the factors considered during selection of a breeding stock.(10 marks)
-
- Discuss the mechanical methods used to control ticks. (10 mks)
- Burning the infested pastures: involves deliberate burning of pastures aiming at reducing tick population.
- Interfering/altering the tick environment: Can be done through ploughing or top dressing pasture using lime or acaricide to make the environment less conducive for ticks.
- Fencing: Controls interaction of the animal with others.
- Starving the ticks: Achieved by keeping animals away from infested pastures through rotational grazing.
- Hand picking/deticking: Involves manual removal of ticks from the animal and killing them. (2 x 5)
- Discuss the general effects of parasites on livestock. (10 mks)
- Cause anaemia: Its brought by sucking parasites which take large volumes of blood from the host animal.
- Deprive the host animal food: Compete for food with host animals leading to emaciation.
- Cause injury and damage to tissues and organs: They break the skin of animal exposing it to secondary infection. Others affect internal organs.
- Disease transmission: Some parasites act as vectors of some diseases spreading them from one animal to another.
- Cause irritation: External parasites irritate animals through bites. Animals rub against objects – destruction of skin, fur or wool.
- Obstruction to internal organs: parasites cause mechanical obstruction/blockage of internal passage – malfunctioning of organs. (2 x 5)
- Discuss the mechanical methods used to control ticks. (10 mks)
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- Discuss the structural requirements of a calf pen. (14 mks)
- Concrete floors: for easy cleaning
- Adequate space: allows room for exercise, feeding and watering
- Single housing: prevents licking each other and spread of worms and diseases.
- Proper lighting: Allows enough light to help in synthesis of vit D.
- Proper drainage: Area should be well drained to prevent dampness.
- Draught free: Construction should not allow cold wind into the structure.
- Leak proof roof: Should not allow water through the roof. (2 x 7)
- State six methods employed in parasites and disease control in livestock. (6 mks)
- Vaccination
- Deworming
- Hoof trimming
- Docking
- Dipping and spraying
- Dusting
- Discuss the structural requirements of a calf pen. (14 mks)
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