Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 2 Opener Exams 2023

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Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 2 Opener Exams 2023

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SECTION A (30MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided

Give four biotic factors which influence Agriculture positively. (2 marks)
State two farming practices which enhance organic farming. (1 mark)
Which chemical are used during water treatment to; (1½ marks)
1. Coagulate solid particles _____________________________________________________________
2. Soften the water _____________________________________________________________
3. Kill pathogens _____________________________________________________________
Give two reasons that makes phosphatic fertilizers good for use during planting time. (1 mark)
List down four qualities of a good farm record. (2 marks)
What do you understand by the following terms? (1½ marks)
1. Seed dressing
2. Seed inoculation
3. Chitting
State three problems associated with land fragmentation in Kenya? (1½ marks)
Outline four land Reforms Programmes which have been carried out in Kenya since independence. (2 marks)
List down four common methods of harvesting water. (2 marks)
Give three methods of breaking seed dormancy. (1½ marks)
What do you understand by the following terms as used in pests classification according to mode of action. (2 marks)
1. Stomach poisons
2. Systemic poisons
3. Contact poisons
4. Suffocants
Give two reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming. (1 mark)
State three advantages of shifting cultivation. (1½ marks)
List four methods of farming. (2 marks)
Outline three effects of soil organisms which benefit crop growth. (1½ marks)
State two harmful effects of strong wind on crop production. (1 mark)
State three advantages of adding organic matter to sandy soil. (1½ marks)
State three ways by which biological agents can enhance the process of soil formation. (1½ marks)
Outline four main reasons for secondary tillage. (2 marks)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provides

Below are two types of soil structures A and B.
1. Identify the two- types of soil structures. (2 marks)
  1. A ______________________________________
  2. B ______________________________________
2. State where the above soil structures are likely to be found. (1 mark)
3. Outline ways which soil structure influences crop production. (3 marks)
1. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
  1. What is layering? (1 mark)
  2. Identify the type of layering shown below. (1 mark)
2. Give two advantages of tissue culture in crop production. (2 marks)
1. Maize requires 120kg/ha of phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅). How much of the compound fertilizer 20:20:10 would be applied to 0.4 hectare of land to achieve this rate. (show your working). (3 marks)
2. Distinguish between straight fertilizers and compound fertilizers. (2 marks)
The diagram below shows a cabbage seedling which has been attacked by a certain pest.
1. Identify the pest (1 mark)
2. State three methods of controlling the above pest (3 marks)

SECTION C (40MARKS)

Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 25

1. Outline the factors affecting rooting of cuttings. (5 marks)
2. State and explain human factors that influence Agricultural production. (10 marks)
3. Highlight the management practices carried out in a nursery. (5 marks)
1. State and explain five ways through which soil loses its fertility. (10 marks)
2. Describe five characteristics of Nitrogenous fertilizers. (5 marks)
3. Outline five methods used in application of inorganic fertilizers. (5 marks)
1. Explain seven cultural methods of controlling crop diseases. (7 marks)
2. Describe precautions taken during the harvesting of coffee. (4 marks)
3. Given that a crop of cabbage is planted at a spacing of 60cm × 60cm, calculate the plant population in a plot of land measuring 4m × 3m. (show your working). (4 marks)
4. Give five factors that determine spacing of cabbages in the field. (5 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

- Pollinators
- Predators
- Decomposers
- Nitrogen fixing Bacteria (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
- Mulching
- Crop Rotation (1 x ½ = 1 mark)
- Alum ?(Aluminum sulphate
- Soda ash (sodium bicarbonate)
- Chlorine (½ x 3 = 1½ marks)
- Have a residual (roots) effects
- Not easily leached (2 x ½ = 1 mark)
- Neat
- Concise
- Complete
- Actual (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
1. Seed dressing is the coating of seed with a fungicide or insecticide or both to protect seedlings from soil borne pests and diseases.
2. Seed inoculation is the coating of legume seeds with the right strain of ;Rhizobia bacteria to enable fix free atmospheric Nitrogen into the soil
3. Chitting – putting potato sets in a partially dark room to break their dormancy (3 x ½ = 1½ marks)
1. Time wasting while travelling from one holding to another
2. proper and effective control of weeds and pest became difficult
3. difficulties in supervision of the scattered plots
4. difficulties in caring out various soil conservation measures
5. difficulties of offering agricultural extension advise (3 x ½ = 1½ marks)
1. Land tenure reform
2. land consolidation
3. Land adjudication and registration
4. Settlement and resettlement (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
1. Weirs
2. Dams
3. Ponds
4. Roof catchment (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
1. mechanical method
2. heat treatment
3. chemical treatment
4. soaking in water (3 x ½ = 1½ marks)
1. Stomach poisons – This is the pesticide which kills the part of the pest sprayed or dressed.
2. Systemic poison – The chemical circulates to all parts of the pest once eaten, killing the pest
3. Contact poisons is chemical kills the pests when it is absorbed into the body through the skin or cuticles
4. Suffocates the chemical which interferes with the breathing system of the pest (4 x ½ = 2 marks)
Reasons why farmers practices organic farming
- Environmental friendly / no pollution
- It is sustainable/ conserve soil
- It is easily carried out
- Materials used are easily available/ cheaper
- Produce healthy product
- The produce fetch higher prices in the international market of the produce 2 x ½ = 1 mark
Advantages of shifting cultivation
- Land is allowed to rest and regain fertility
- Low incidences of pests and diseases
- Economies of use of fertilizers 3 x ½ = (11/2mks)
Method of farming
- Shifting cultivation
- Nomadic pastoralism
- Organic farming
- Mixed farming
- Agro-forestry 4 x ½ = 2 marks
Effects of soil organisms
- Decompose organic matter
- Help to create the soil
- Atmospheric Nitrogen to nitrates
- Upon death and decay release plant nutrient 3 x ½ = (11/2mks)
Harmful effects of strong wind on crop production
- Increase rate of evaporation
- Increase spread of diseases pests
- Causing lodging in cereals and damage to crops
- Acting as agent of soil erosion
Advantages of adding organic matter to sandy soil
- Improve soil structure
- Reduce leaching
- Improves water holding capacity
- Increase cation exchange capacity
- Improve nutrient status upon decomposition
- Moderate soil temperature
Ways by which biological agents can enhance the process of soil formation
- Movements of animals in large numbers
- Decomposition of plants and animals remains by soil micro-organism
- Physical breaking of rocks by roots of higher plants
- Man’s activities e.g. cultivating, mining and road
- Mixing up of soil burrowing animals e.g. earth worms and termites.
Main reasons for secondary tillage
- Control weeds
- Control pests and diseases
- Incorporate organic matter in the soil
- Improves physical condition/form required tilt
- Make appropriate tilt for planting certain crops, e.g. ridging, rolling prevailing 4 x ½ = 2 marks

SECTION B 20MKS

1. - A- Prismatic
  - B - Platy (2 × 1= 2 marks)
2. - A- In arid and semi-arid soils
  - B- Top horizon of forest and clay soils (1 x 1 = 1 mark)
3. - Determining the type of crop to be grown
  - Determine the water holding capacity
  - Determines aviation and drainage of the soil (3 x 1 = 3 marks)
1. 1. Inducing part of a stem to produce root while still attached to the mother plant (1mk)
  2. Trench layering (1mk)
2. - Produces pathogen free plants
  - Mass production of propagules
  - Its fast
  - Requires less space (4x ½=2mks)
20kg of P₂OS is contained in 100kgs of 20,20, 0
Therefore 120kg of P₂OS will be contained in 120×100 = 600kg of 20,20,10
20
1 acre of maize requires 600kg of 20, 20, 10.
Therefore , 0.4 × 600 = 240kg of 20, 20, 10
1
1. Cut worm. (1mark)
2. - Use of appropriate insecticides.
  - Physically by picking and killing.
  - Crop rotation Any 2x1=2marks

SECTION C

1. Factors affection rooting of cutting
  - temperature
  - relative humidity
  - light intensity
  - oxygen supply
  - chemical treatment
  - leaf area (5 x 1 = 5 marks)
2. State and explain human factors influencing Agricultural production
  - level of education and technology
  - health HIV/AIDS and health in general
  - economy (level of economic development
  - government policy
  - transport and communication
  - cultural practices and religion beliefs
  - market forces
  - Stating (1mk)
  - Explaining briefly (1mk) (2 x 5=10 marks)
3. Management practices carried out in a nursery
  - mulching
  - watering
  - weed control
  - pricking out
  - shading
  - pests and diseases control
  - hardening off
1. - Leaching
  - Soil erosion
  - Monocropping
  - Continuous cropping
  - Change in soil PH
  - Burning of vegetation
  - Accumulation of salts
    NB State any five ( 1 mark) , correct explanations (1 mark) (Total 10 marks)
2. - Highly soluble in soil water
  - Highly leached
  - Have a short residual effect
  - Has a scorching / Burning effect
  - Highly volatile
  - Hygroscopic
  - Highly corrosive
    Correct explanation (1 mark) In total (5 marks)
3. - Broad casting
  - Placement method
  - Side dressing
  - Foliar spraying
  - Drip
    Correct explanation (1 x 5 = 5 marks)
1. cultural methods of controlling crop diseases
  - using healthy planting materials does not spread diseases
  - using field hygiene like burning diseased crop residues/ rouging/ clean diseases
  - weeding reduces spread of diseases
  - proper spacing controls damping off and resettle diseases in groundnuts
  - heat treatment in control of rations stunting diseases of sugarcane
  - proper drying of grains and pulses to- avoid afflation
  - use of diseases resistant varieties like Ruiru for coffee that is resistant to coffee berry diseases and leaf rust 7x1=(7mks)
2. precautions taken during the harvesting of coffee
  - both grade one and two berries are taken to the factory on the same day
  - sorting of cherry at the factory has to- be done well
  - only the red ripe berries are picked
  - the barriers are taken to the factory at the end of the harvesting seasons 4x1=(4mks)
3. plant population = Area of land
  Spacing of crop
  = 4m x 3m = 12m²
  0.6 x 0.6m = 0.36m² ✔2
  = 33 plants ✔2 Total = 4 marks)
4. Factors that determine spacing of cabbage
  - Pest and disease incidences
  - Variety of the cabbage
  - Soil moisture status
  - Type of soil
  - Soil fertility 5x1= 5marks