Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 2 Opener Exams 2023

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Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Term 2 Opener Exams 2023

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SECTION A 30 MARKS

Give four control measures of a liver fluke in livestock. (2mks)
State two signs that shows that a cow is about to parturate. (2mks)
State four signs of infestation by external parasites in livestock. (2mks)
Name two notifiable diseases in Kenya.(1mks)
State four reasons for feeding colostrums to calves immediately after parturition. (4mks)
Distinguish between mothering ability and prolificacy as used in livestock breeding. (2mks)
Name the vegetative part of each of the following crops which is propagated. (2mks)
1. Sweet potatoes……………………………………..
2. Cassava………………………………………………
3. Bananas………………………………………………
4. Oranges………………………………………………..
Name two methods of weed control in pasture.(1mk)
Name four methods used in identifying farm animals. (2mks)
State two reason s why it is necessary to have individual calf pens instead of communal calf pen. (1mks)
State two effects of HIV/AIDS on agricultural production . (1mk)
State four reasons for maintaining farm tools and equipment in proper condition. (2mks)
Give four factors which characterise small scale farming. (2mks)
Give four benefits of conservation of farage. (2mks)
Name four suitable sites for agroforestry. (2mks)
Give objectives of land settlement and resettlement in Kenya.(2mks)

SECTION B 20MKS

The diagram below is an illustration of an egg. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the parts labeled (3mks)
  - A…………………………………
  - B………………………………..
  - C…………………………………..
  - D…………………………………….
  - E…………………………………
  - F…………………………….
2. State the qualities of the part labelled A that should be considered when selecting eggs for incubation. (2mks)
3. What is the function of the part labeled E in a fertilized egg. (1mks)
Study the diagram below and answer the question that follow.
1. What is layering?
2. Identify the type of layering shown below
3. Give two advantages of tissue culture in crop production
The diagram below illustrates an experiment on soil. Study it carefully and answer the question that follow.
1. State the aim of the experiment. (1mk)
2. If the volume of water illustrated in the measuring cylinder was observed after one hour, identify the soil sample labeled I and II and give reasons.
3. State two ways in which the soil structure of the soil sample labeled III above can be improved. (2mks)
State four reasons why docking/tailing is done in wool. (2mks)
State two management practices that should be carried on a knapsack sprayer. (1mk)
1. State two reasons why bees swarm. (2mks)
2. State two methods of tick control. (1mk)

SECTION C 40MKS

1. State five difference between ruminants and non-ruminants. (5mks)
2. Discuss calf rearing from birth to first calving.
3. State five problems that farmers are likely to face when marketing their produce.
1. Illustrated below is a method of turning compost. Study the method and answer the questions that follow.
  1. Identify the methods. (1mk)
  2. Using arrows in the diagram show how the turning is done before the manure can be taken to the field. (2mks)
  3. 1. which other methods can be used to prepare the manure.(1mk)
    2. After how long should the compost be ready for use? (1mk)
2. 1. state four reasons for maintaining farm tools and equipment in proper condition. (2mks)
  2. list three factors that makes embryo transplant unpopular with many livestock farmers.(3mks)
  3. An agriculture student was adviced to apply a complete fertilizer 40:30:10 in a 20m by 10m plot at a rate of 400g per hectare.
    1. Calculate the percentage of p₂o₅ in the complete fertilizer. (3mks0
    2. Calculate the amount of fertilizer the student would require for the plot. (3mks)
    3. Calculate the amount of k₂o that would be contained in 600kg of a compound fertilizer. 30:20:10 (NP₂O₂:K₂O) respectively.
Describe the production of tomateos under the following sub-heading:
1. Nursery production (12mks)
2. Transplanting
3. Field management practices. (3mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A 30 MARKS

State the four control measures of a liver fluke in livestock. (2mks)
1. Controlling fresh water snail which is the intermediate host of liver fluke.
2. Chemically control by use of copper sulphate solution added to stagnant water to kill the snail.
3. Draining of swampy areas.
4. Burning of pastures during dry seasons.
5. Not grazing of animals near marshy or water logged areas.
6. Routine drenching of animals with ant helminthes.
State two signs that shows that a cow is about to parturate. (2mks)
1. Restlessness.
2. Loss of appetite.
3. Clear discharge from vulva
4. Vulva enlargers/swells.
State four signs of infestation by external parasites in livestock. (2mks)
1. Anaemia
2. Irritation/scratching
3. Loss of hair
4. Wounds on skin
5. Presence of parasites on the body.
Name two notifiable diseases in Kenya.(1mks)
1. Foot and mouth
2. Newcastle
3. Anthrax
4. African swine fever
State four reasons for feeding colostrums to calves immediately after parturition. (4mks)
1. It is highly digestable
2. It is highly nutritious and contains for growth and disease resistance.
3. It has antibodies that enable calf to resist early diseases infection.
4. It is good in cleaning the bowel of the calf(has a laxative effect)
5. It is highly palatable.
Distinguish between mothering ability and prolificacy as used in livestock breeding. (2mks)
- Mothering ability- caring for young ones(kindness)
- Prolificacy- ability to give birth to more than one young ones (production of many offspring e.g in sheep, pigs in one parturition)
Name the vegetative part of each of the following crops which is propagated. (2mks)
1. Sweet potatoes…………………….stem cutting/vine/tuber
2. Cassava……………………………stem cutting
3. Bananas……………………………suckers
4. Oranges……………………………bud/bud wood
Name two methods of weed control in pasture.(1mk)
1. Timely land preparation
2. Slashing
3. Application
4. Application of selective herbicides
5. Uprooting of weeds
Name four methods used in identifying farm animals. (2mks)
1. Ear tagging
2. Branding
3. Ear notching
State two reasons why it is necessary to have individual calf pens instead of communal calf pen. (1mks)
1. To avoid licking each other I leading to hair balls in rumen.
2. Reduce the spread of parasite e.g worms.
3. Provide individual care by farmer/attendant.
State two effects of HIV/AIDS on agricultural production. (1mk)
1. Leads to shortage of labour
2. A lot of money is spent on treatment and hospitalization of people with HIV/AIDS.
3. Leads to low food supply and poverty due to loss of market for agricultural products.
4. Resources use in treatment of HIV/AIDS could be used in agricultural production.
5. Less time is spent on farming activities because a lot of time is spent looking after people with HIV/AIDS.
State four reasons for maintaining farm tools and equipment in proper condition. (2mks)
1. Increases durability.
2. To reduce the replacement cost.
3. Increased efficiency.
4. To avoid injury to the farmer.
5. To avoid damage to the tool.
Give four factors which characterize small scale farming. (2mks)
1. Small size of land.
2. Limited capital.
3. Limited tools/equipment
4. Less labour is required.
5. Maximum use of available labour.
Give four benefits of conservation of forage. (2mks)
1. Provide feed during period of scarcity.
2. Ensure proper utilization of land.
3. Can be sold.
4. Future anticipation of weather changes.
Name four suitable sites for agro forestry. (2mks)
1. Farm boundaries
2. Homestead
3. Terraces
4. Riverbanks/water catchment areas
5. Steep slopes/slopes
6. Within pasture land.
Give objectives of land settlement and resettlement in Kenya.(2mks)
1. Settle landless citizens.
2. To ease population pressure
3. To increase agricultural productivity.
4. To improve people’s standards of living.
5. To create employment.

SECTION B 20MKS

The diagram below is an illustration of an egg. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the parts labeled (3mks)
  - A.......shell
  - B……inner shell membrane
  - C……outer membrane
  - D……albumen/egg white
  - E……chalazae
2. State the qualities of the part labelled A that should be considered when selecting eggs for incubation. (2mks)
  - Text/smoothness of the cell
  - Absence of cracks on the shell
  - Cleanliness/absence of blood stains
  - Oval in shape
3. What is the function of the part labeled E in a fertilized egg. (1mks)
  - Provide nutrients for the developing embryo/chick
Study the diagram below and answer the question that follows.
1. What is layering?
  - Inducing part of a stem to produce root while still attached to the mother plant.
2. Identify the type of layering shown below
  - Trench layering
3. Give two advantages of tissue culture in crop production
  - Produces pathogen free plants.
  - Mass production of propagules.
  - Its fast
  - Requires less space
The diagram below illustrates an experiment on soil. Study it carefully and anwser the question that follow.
1. State the aim of the experiment. (1mk)
  - to compare soil porosity/drainage/water holding capacity of different soils.
2. If the volume of water illustrated in the measuring cylinder was observed after one hour, identify the soil sample labeled I and II and give reasons.
  1. Soil sample
    - I…sandy soil
  2. Reasons
    - Large air space does not hold water
  3. Soil sample
    - II……loam soil
  4. Reason.
    - Higher water holding capacity compared to A
3. State two ways in which the soil structure of the soil sample labeled III above can be improved. (2mks)
State four reasons why docking/tailing is done in wool. (2mks)
- To facilitate even distribution of fat .
- Easy trypping
- Prevent blow fly infestation.
- Prevent dirtying wool.
State two management practices that should be carried on a knapsack sprayer. (1mk)
- Wash thoroughly and dry after use.
- Unblock nozzle that are blocked
- Tighten any loose parts.
- Grease morable parts e.g trigger valve
- Replace or repair worn out parts e.g.
- Nozzle and washers.
1. State two reasons why bees swarm. (2mks)
  - Shortageof food and water in their surrounding
  - Outbreak of pest and disieses.
  - Damage of broad combs
  - Lack of adequate ventilation.
  - Dampness and bad smell.
  - Overcrowding e.t.c
2. State two methods of tick control. (1mk)
  - Natural or biological method
  - Self-licking by animals
  - Interfering with or altering tick environment
  - Spraying
  - Fencing
  - Dipping
  - Hand dressing
  - Hand picking e.t.c

SECTION C 40MKS

1. State five differences between ruminants and non-ruminants. (5mks)
  - ruminants chew the cud while non-remnant do not ched cud.
  - Ruminants have four stomach chamber thus polygastric while non-rumminants have one stomach chamber
  - Rumnants regurgitate food while non-ruminants do not regurgitate once swallowed.
  - Ruminants can digest cellulose while non-ruminants cannot digest cellulose.
  - Ruminants have no ptyalin in saliva hence no enzymatic digestion in the mouth while non-rumunants digestion starts from mouth.
  - In ruminants most digestion and absorption takes place in the rumen while non-ruminants take place in small intestines.
  - Ruminants have alkaline saliva due to presence on ammonia while non-ruminants have neutral.P.H
2. Discuss calf rearing from birth to first calving.
  - Ensure the calf is breathing or perform artificial respiration.
  - Ensure the calve is licked by the mother or wipe it with dry cloth.
  - Disinfect the umbilical cord to prevent infection.
  - Keep the calf in a warm pen.ensure the calf gets colostrums to satisfaction.\
  - Ensure the calf gets millk upto the 10th week for early weaning.
  - Ensure the calf gets early weaning concentrates e.g calf pellets.
  - Introduce green fodder
  - Control parasites i.e. ticks by sparaying weekly or dipping.
  - Control diseases by vaccination againt infectious diseases and treatment.
  - Identification of male calfes e.g ear tagging/ear nitching, branding e.t.c
  - Castration of masle not selected for breeding.
  - Removal of extra teats especially for females born with vestigial teats.
  - Dehorning, desbuddling of all calves with horns.
  - Steaming uop at 2 months to parturition.
  - Incase of malpresentation, a veterinarian office is called to assist.
3. State five problems that farmers are likely to face when marketing their produce.
  - Perishability
  - Limited elasticity of demand
  - Seasonality
  - Lack of market information
  - Bulkiness
  - Changes of supply
  - Storage
  - Lack of efficiency innmarketing
  - Poor transport system
  - Changes in market demand.
1. Illustrated below is a method of turning compost. Study the method and answer the questions that follow.
  1. Identify the methods. (1mk)
    - Four heap system
  2. Using arrows in the diagram show how the turning is done before the manure can be taken to the field. (2mks)
  3. 1. which other methods can be used to prepare the manure.(1mk)
      - Seven heap method
    2. After how long should the compost be ready for use? (1mk)
      - Three months
2. 1. state four reasons for maintaining farm tools and equipment in proper condition. (2mks)
    - Increase durability
    - To reduce replacement cost
    - Increase efficiency
    - To avoid injury to the farmer
    - To avoid damage to the tool.
  2. list three factors that makes embryo transplant unpopular with many livestock farmers.(3mks)
    - Its expensive
    - Labour demanding
    - Requires a lot of skills
    - Requires special equipment for fertilization and storage of embryo.
  3. An agriculture student was adviced to apply a complete fertilizer 40:30:10 in a 20m by 10m plot at a rate of 400g per hectare.
    1. Calculate the percentage of p₂o₅ in the cmlete fertizer. (3mks)
      40:30:10 represents n:p₂o:k₂o respectively
      Total ratio=40+30+10=80
      P₂O₅ as a percentage of the total is
      ³⁰/₈₀ x 100 = 37.5%
    2. Calculate the amount of fertilizer the student would require for the plot. (3mks
      Iha=10,000m²
      Area of the plot
      =20 x10 = 200m²
      10,000m² would require 400 kg of
      Fertile
      1m² = 400 kg
      10000
      200m² will require
      400 x 200 = 8kg
      10000
      The plot therefore requires complete 8kg fertilizer
    3. Calculate the amount of k₂o that would be contained in 600kg of a compound fertilizer.
      30:20:10 (NP₂O₂:K₂O) respectively.
      30:20:10 is contained in 100 kg
      10kg k₂0 is contained in 100kg fertilizer
      600kg fertilizer contains
      600 x10 k₂o
      100
      60kg k₂o
Describe the production oftomateos under the following sub-heading:
1. Nursery production (12mks)
  1. Clear land/pangas/slashes
  2. Mark corners with pegs/sisal twine
  3. Dig to a depth of 15cm/forked jembe
  4. Break the clod/spade/hoe/fine tilth
  5. Rake out the debris
  6. Level top using rake/wood board
  7. Raise the side to about 15cm
  8. Make drills using a hand fork 2-3cm deep of a spacing of 15 to 20cm (inter row spacing)
  9. Apply a thin layer of organic mulch*dry grass free from weeds seed.
2. Transplanting
  1. Uplift watered seedilng from the nursery using a trowel in the evening at the onset of long rains.
  2. Place them in the planting toles
  3. Cover the root zone/ root base with soil rich in organic manure and phosphatic fertilizers.
  4. Mulch the roof base/dryfree rass.
  5. Water thoroughly with a watering can
3. Field management practices. (3mks)
  1. Gapping/spacing seedlings which have not picked up
  2. Top dressing/nitrogenous fertilizer/calcium CAN.
  3. Pruning/removing roots from the main stem
  4. Clean weeding
  5. Staking/ ensure no lodging.
  6. Pest control through spraying with fungicides.