Geography Questions and Answers - Form 4 Mid-term Exams Term 1 2022

QUESTIONS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Answer ALL the questions in this paper.
• All the answers must be written on the foolscaps provided.

SECTION A

1.                    
   1. What is agriculture? (2 marks)
   2. State three Physical factors favouring dairy farming in Denmark. (3 marks)
   3. Give five similarities between dairy farming in Kenya and dairy farming in the Denmark. (5 marks)
2.                    
   1. Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation. (2 marks)
   2.                            
      
      
      1. The outline map of Kenya below shows some irrigation schemes.
      2. Identify the irrigation schemes marked W, X, Y and Z. (4 marks)
      3. Apart from irrigating dry lands, outline four other methods used to reclaim land in Kenya (4 marks)
   3. Give three differences between land reclamation in Kenya and land reclamation in Netherlands (6 marks)
3.                      
   1. Define the term fisheries. (2 marks)
   2. Give three examples of demersal fish. (3 marks)
   3. Explain three reasons why freshwater fishing is more widespread than Marine fishing in East Africa. (6 marks)
4.                            
   1. Differentiate between a national park and a game reserve. (2marks)
   2. State five reasons for establishment of national Park and Game Reserve. (5 marks)
   3. Explain three reasons why Switzerland receives more tourists than Kenya (6 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

1.                        
   1. What is agriculture? (2 marks)
      • Agriculture refers to the science and art of crop and animal production
   2. State three Physical factors favouring dairy farming in Denmark. (3 marks)
      • Moderate rainfall of about 650 mm during summer and spring supports the growth of fodder crops and grass.
      • Cool climate with warm summers which is ideal for outdoor grazing.
      • Well drained boulder clay soils which supports the growth of fodder crops and grass.
      • Low lying/gently sloping land throughout Denmark favours outdoor grazing and growth of pasture.
   3. Give five similarities between dairy farming in Kenya and dairy farming in the Denmark. (5 marks)
      • In both countries, high grade dairy cattle are kept.
      • In both countries, zero grazing and open grazing are practiced.
      • In both countries, milk processing is similar.
      • In both countries, dairy cooperatives assists farmers.
      • In both countries, dairy products are similar.
      • In both countries, cross breeding and artificial insemination are used.
2.                    
   1. Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation. (2 marks)
      • Land reclamation is the process of converting a waste land into a suitable land for settlement and agriculture whereas land rehabilitation is the process of restoring a wasteland back to its former productive/useful state.
   2.                                                
      1. The outline map of Kenya below shows some irrigation schemes.
         
      2. Identify the irrigation schemes marked W, X, Y and Z. (4 marks)
         • W – Katilu
         • X – Ahero
         • Y – Mwea –Tebere
         • Z – Perkerra
      3. Apart from irrigating dry lands, outline four other methods used to reclaim land in Kenya (4 marks)
         • Draining swamps
         • Introducing drought resistant crops
         • Infilling quarries with rocks and soil.
         • Controlling pests such as tsetse flies.
         • Planting trees/afforestation
         • Adding manure and fertilizers to infertile soils.
   3. Give three differences between land reclamation in Kenya and land reclamation in Netherlands (6 marks)
      • In Kenya land reclamation is done on a small scale while in Netherlands it is done on a large scale.
      • In Kenya irrigation is used as a means of reclaiming dry areas while in Netherlands, irrigation is used to lower salinity of soil in reclaimed areas
      • In Kenya the methods land reclamation are simple while in Netherlands the methods of land reclamation are advanced
      • In Kenya dykes are used to control river floods whereas in Netherlands dykes are used to protect reclaimed areas from sea invasion
      • In Kenya land is mainly reclaimed from swamps and marginal areas while in the Netherlands land has been reclaimed mainly from the sea.
      • In Kenya, the methods used for draining water from swampy areas is by digging ditches/simple canals whereas in the Netherlands, there is advanced use of wind pumps to drain sea water from the polders.
3.              
   1. Define the term fisheries. (2 marks)
      • Fisheries are parts of water bodies such as seas, lakes, rivers and ponds where fish live and are caught in large numbers.
   2. Give three examples of demersal fish. (3 marks)
      • Cod
      • Tuna
      • Halibut
      • Dogfish
      • Haddock
      • Hake
      • Flounder
      • Catfish
   3. Explain three reasons why freshwater fishing is more widespread than Marine fishing in East Africa. (6 marks)
      • There are enormous fishing grounds eg L. Victoria, L Albert, L. Naivasha, L Tanganyika which are accessible to many people.
      • Fresh water fish are popular with high demand among the people encouraging more inland fishing.
      • Fresh water fishing requires simpler methods affordable by majority of fisherman in E. Africa.
      • Most inland fishing ground are rich in Plankton hence encouraging fish breeding.
      • High population in some places such a L. Vitoria offers the much need market.
      • Government support eg setting up processing plants ad cooing plants have encouraged more fishing.
4.              
   1. Differentiate between a national park and a game reserve. (2marks)
      • A national Park is an area set aside for the preservation and conservation of wildlife scenery and historical sites which is managed by the national government while a Game Reserve is an area set aside for conservation and preservation of wildlife which is managed by county governments
   2. State five reasons for establishment of national Park and Game Reserve. (5 marks)
      • To utilization of marginal areas which could otherwise be lysing idle.
      • Create employment opportunities
      • To preserve the natural beauty for aesthetic value
      • To promote tourism / provide areas for recreation
      • To create an environment for education and research
      • To conserve wildlife (plant and animals)
      • For posterity / future generation
   3. Explain three reasons why Switzerland receives more tourists than Kenya (6 marks)
      • Switzerland in centrally located in Europe this easily accessible to most tourists; while Kenya is far away from Europe.
      • The political policy of neutrality and peaceful atmosphere in Switzerland encourage tourists while in Kenya the tribal clashes, terrorist attacks and insecurity scare away tourists
      • Some tourist attraction are similar, hence tourists prefer to visit those nearer home
      • Well-developed transport network in Switzerland encourages tourists as opposed to Kenya where the roads are poorly maintained
      • Switzerland has fair charges for tourist services while in Kenya accommodation and park charges are high discouraging many tourists
      • Many well developed and efficient financial institutions in Switzerland attract tourists on business while in Kenya has few and less developed financial institutions
      • Switzerland has double seasons that enable tourist activities throughout the year while in Kenya there is only one peak season with many tourists
      • Switzerland is the headquarters of many international organizations and agencies attracting many tourists for international meetings while in Kenya the headquarters of UNEP has few official meetings
      • Highly trained personnel in the hotel industry in Switzerland are hospitals and efficient hence high class hotels and less trained personnel in the industry.