Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 3 Opener Exams 2023

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Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 3 Opener Exams 2023

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

This paper consists of THREE Sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in Section A and B.
Answer any two questions in Section C in the spaces provided.

SECTION A – (30 Marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. Differentiate between a parasite and a pathogen. (1 mk)
2. Name two categories of parasite in livestock. (1 mk)
State three factors that stimulate milk let-down in dairy cows. (3 mks)
Name two conditions which pre-dispose foot-rot in sheep. (2 mrks)
Name four causes of stress in layers. (2 mks)
Give two factors considered when siting a calf pen. (2 mks)
State four factors considered when selecting an implement for primary cultivation. (2 mks)
State four functions of vitamin in livestock. (2 mks)
Give two factors that may lead to conception failure after service in heifers. (2 mks)
Give two uses of litter in a poultry house. (2 mks)
State two functions of ventilation in a pig house. (2 mks)
State four reasons for maintaining livestock healthy. (2 mks)
State three harmful effects of ticks on livestock. (11/2 mks)
Apart from sharpening blades and lubricating, State three other maintenance practices that should be carried out on a rotary mower. (1½ mks)
Give two adjustments that should be carried out for proper operations of a disc harrow. (2 mks)
Give four uses of harrow on the farm. (2 mks)

SECTION B – (20 Marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The diagram below is a biogas digester.
1. Name the parts labeled X and Z. (2mks)
2. Name two inputs periodically channeled through X. (2mks)
3. Name the use to which material Y is put. (1mk)
4. Name two uses of biogas on the farm. (1mk)
Below is the diagram of a digestive system, use it to answer the question that follows.
1. Which farm animal has a digestive system similar to the above system. (1mk)
2. Name the parts labeled S, T and W. (3mks)
3. Explain the work of the parts S and T. (2mks)
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the tools K, L, M and N. (2mks)
2. Give the use of K and L. (2mks)
The diagram below illustrates a breeding management practice.
1. Identify the practice. (1mk)
2. Outline three reasons for carrying out this practice. (3mks)
Name three internal parasites in livestock. (3mks)

SECTION C – (40 Marks)

Answer any two questions from this section.

1. Give four differences between petrol and diesel engine. (8mks)
2. Give four functions of a cooling system in an engine. (4mks)
3. State eight daily maintenance practices carried out on a tractor. (8mks)
1. Outline the signs of farrowing in pigs. (5mks)
2. Describe the management practices carried out on piglets immediately after birth. (5mks)
3. Describe the management practices carried out on a grower from 9 weeks old to the point of laying (10mks)
1. Name and describe the features of an ideal calf pen. (8mks)
2. Discuss pneumonia in calves under the following sub-heading.
  1. Predisposing factors. (3mks)
  2. Symptoms. (5mks)
  3. Control measures. (3mks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

1. Differentiate between a parasite and a pathogen. (1 mrk)
  - A pathogen is a disease causing organism while a parasite is a living organism which depends on others for food and shelter. (1mk)
2. Name two categories of parasite in livestock.
  - External/ Ectoparasites
  - Internal/ Endoparasites (2x ½ = 1mk)
State three factors that stimulate milk let-down in dairy cows. (3 mrks)
- Presence of calf
- Washing udder with warm water
- Familiar noises or whistling.
- Provision of food during milking
- Restraint of the animal in parlour for milking (3 x 1 = 3mks)
Name two conditions which pre-dispose foot-rot in sheep. (2 mrks)
- Wet and muddy conditions
- Overgrown hooves
- Physical injuries on foot (2 x 1 = 2mks)
Name four causes of stress in layers. (2 mrks)
- Introduction of new birds in the house
- Overcrowding
- Presence of strangers
- Too much handling practices
- Too high or too low temperatures
- Poor ventilation
- Parasites attack
- Lack of enough food and water (4 x ½ = 2mks)
Give two factors considered when siting a calf pen. (2 mrks)
- Proximity to the milking shed
- Drainage (2 x 1 = 2mks)
State four factors considered when selecting an implement for primary cultivation. (2 mrks)
- Type of crop to be established
- Source of power availableSize of land
- Soil type or hardness of soil
- Cost of using the implement
- Topography
- Vegetation cover
- Skill of operating the implements (4 x ½ = 2mks)
State four functions of vitamin in livestock. (2 mrks)
- Help in blood clotting
- Act as organic catalyst
- Prevent diseases in livestock
- Help in born formation
- Help in muscular activities (4 x ½ = 2mks)
Give two factors that may lead to conception failure after service in heifers. (2 mrks)
- Poor timing of service
- Poor nutrition
- Infertility (heifer/bull) (2 x1 = 2mks)
Give two uses of litter in a poultry house. (2 mrks)
- Keeps birds busy scratching, hence reduce cannibalism
- Gives comfort and warmth to the birds
- Helps in drying droppings (2 x 1 = 2mks)
State two functions of ventilation in a pig house. (2 mrks)
- Allows efficient air circulation
- Moderates/ regulates temperatures
- Prevents inside of house from becoming humid (2 x 1 = 2mks)
State four reasons for maintaining livestock healthy. (2 mrks)
- Improves growth rate
- Increases livestock productive life
- Produces high quality produce/ safe produce
- Maintains high productivity
- Reduces spread of parasites and diseases
- Breeds regularly
- Reduces cost of production/ improves profits (4 x ½ = 2mks)
State three harmful effect of ticks on livestock. (11/2 mrks)
- Cause irritation/ discomfort
- Transmit disease pathogens
- Damage skin/hide
- Suck blood causing anaemia (3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
Apart from sharpening blades and lubricating, State three other maintenance practices that should be carried out on a rotary mower. (1½ mrks)
- Clean the mower after use
- Replace/repair worn out guards and blades
- Paint surface when necessary
- Store in a cool dry place/ put under shed (3 x ½ = 1 ½ mks)
Give two adjustments that should be carried out for proper operations of a disc harrow.
- Space of the discs
- Angle of gang of discs to the direction of pull
- Depth control by use of hydraulic force (2 x 1 = 2mks)
Give four uses of harrow on the farm. (2 mrks)
- To level the seedbed
- To break soil clods
- Stir the soil and destroy weeds
- Burrying trush (4 x ½ = 2mks)

SECTION B – (20 Marks)

The diagram below is a biogas digester.
1. Name the parts labeled X and Z. (2mks)
  - X – Mixing chamber
  - Z – Gas pipe (1x2 = 2mks)
2. Name two inputs periodically channeled through X. (2mks)
  - Dung/ animal wastes
  - Water (1x2 = 2mks)
3. Name the use to which material Y is put. (1mk)
  - As fertilizer / manure
  - To enrich the soil (1x1 = 1mk)
4. Name two uses of biogas on the farm. (1mk)
  - Domestic cooking /heating
  - Lighting (2x1/2 = 1mk)
1. Which farm animal has a digestive system similar to the above system. (1mk)
  - Poultry/ chicken (1mk)
2. Name the parts labeled S, T and W. (3mks)
  - S - Crop
  - T – Gizzard
  - W – Caecum
3. Explain the work of the parts S and T. (2mks)
  - S - Store food temporarily and moisten food
  - T - Grinding of food with help of sliding movement of tough/ thick muscle sand presence of girt
1. Identify the tools K, L, M and N. (2mks)
  - K - Garden/ manure fork
  - L - Prunning shear
  - M - Sprinkler
  - N - Spade
2. Give the use of K and L. (2mks)
  - K - Collecting manure and trash
  - L - Trimming hedges and shrubs / fence
1. Identify the practice. (1mk)
  - Raddling
2. Outline three reasons for carrying out this practice. (3mks)
  - Helps in keeping accurate records and breeding/ indicates which male served with female (ram/ truck/dice
  - Detects unserved/ unmated nannies/ewes
  - Helps to know which male are infertile (3x1 = 3 mrks)
Name three internal parasites in livestock. (3 mrks)
- Roundworms
- Tapeworms
- Liverflukes
- Hookworms (3x1 = 3 mrks)

SECTION C (40 Marks)

Give four differences between petrol and diesel engine. (8 mrks)

Petrol engine	Diesel engine
✓ It has a carburetor ✓ Fuel is ignited by an electric spark ✓ It produces less smoke ✓ It is light in weight ✓ Air and fuel mixture are mixed in the carburetor	✓ Has an injector pump ✓ Fuel is ignited by compression of air and fuel mixture ✓ It produces a lot of smoke ✓ It is relatively heavy in weight ✓Air and fuel mixture are mixed within the cylinder

(4x2 = 8 mrks)

Give four functions of a cooling system in an engine. (4 mrks)
- To remove excess heat from the engine
- To maintain the engine operating temperature where it works most efficiently
- To bring the engine up to the right operating temperature as quickly as possible
- To prevent the engine from overheating (4x1 = 4 mrks)
State eight daily maintenance practices carried out on a tractor. (8 mrks)
- Check the engine oil by use of a dip stick and if low it should be added.
- Check fuel level before days work and add if necessary.
- Inspect the water level in the radiator and top up if necessary.
- Check the level of electrolyte in the battery and top up with distilled water if low.
- Brake fluid should be checked and maintained at the recommended level.
- Check the fan belt tension and adjust appropriately
- Large sediment in the sediment bowl should be removed.
- Loose nuts and bolts should be tightened every day. (8x1 = 8 mrks)

1. Outline the signs of furrowing in pigs. (5 mrks)
  - Sow becomes restless
  - Enlargement of the vulva
  - Muscle on each side of the tail slackness
  - Loss of appetite
  - Udder and teat becomes enlarged
  - Sow collect bedding materials at one corner
  - 24 hours before furrowing there is milk present in the teat (5x1 = 5 mrks)
2. Describe the management practices carried out on piglets immediately after birth. (5 mrks)
  - Check and ensure piglet is breathing
  - Keep the piglet in a warm place
  - Ensure the piglet suckle the mother within first 6 – 12 hours in order to get colostrum which is rich in nutrients.
  - Disinfect the naval cord to avoid naval illness or any possible infections
  - Ensure there is removal of the after birth to prevent the sow from eating the piglet.
  - Assist the piglet to suckle
  - Provide iron injection to avoid anaemia
  - Weigh the piglet and keep records (5x1 = 5 mrks)
3. Describe the management practices carried out on a grower from 9 weeks old to the point of lay. (10 mrks)
  - Growers are the pullets and are the age of 9-20 weeks. No heat is provided at this period.
  - Sufficient space per birds as the floor should be adequate.
  - Provide dry litter to depth of 20-40 cm deep
  - Ensure there is sufficient feeding and watering troughs placed in strategic point.
  - Provide clean water which should be given adlibdum
  - At this stage birds are fed on growers mash.
  - Ensure hygienic conditions are maintained in the structure.
  - Fresh feed must be provided
  - Disease control through vaccination should be carried out.
  - Check external parasite and dust birds with appropriate pesticide.
  - Check vices among birds.
  - Roost and perches should be installed into the house for the birds to perch while resting.
  - Introduce oyster shell when birds are at the age of 16 weeks.
  - Provide green vegetables by hanging them in the house and provide grit to provide grit to keep birds busy.
  - At age of 16 weeks introduce layers mash and mix with growers mash.
  - Cull weak birds
  - Control external parasites
  - Debeak perpetual cannibals (10x1 = 10 mrks)
1. Name and describe the features of an ideal calf pen. (8 mrks)
  - Concrete/ raised slanted floor – easy to maintain cleanliness.
  - Dry litter / Bedding – maintain warmth
  - Proper lighting – should have good supply of natural light / sunlight.
  - Proper drainage – facilitate free flow of urine and water to avoid dampness
  - Draught free - the structure should stop strong winds from blowing into the calf pen.
  - Proper ventilation – structure should allow for fresh air circulation.
  - Security – should be strong enough to keep away intruders and wild animals (4x2 = 8 mrks)
2. Discuss pneumonia in calves under the following sub-heading.
  1. Predisposing factors. (3 mrks)
    - Overcrowding of calves in the pen.
    - Dampness / chilliness in the pen
    - Poor ventilation
    - Young age
    - Effect of diarrhea and other illness (3x1 = 3 mrks)
  2. Symptoms. (6 mrks)
    - Dullness and reluctant to move
    - Loss of appetite
    - Animal develops rough hair coat
    - Animal becomes emaciated
    - Rapid breathing
    - Fluctuation in body temperature
    - Nasal mucous discharge (6x1 = 5 mrks)
  3. Control measures. (3 mrks)
    - Young animals should be kept in warm pens
    - Proper sanitation should be maintained.
    - Early cases should be treated using antibiotics
    - Isolate affected animals for proper nursing in a warm pen (3x1 = 3 mrks)