History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Momaliche Joint Mock Exams 2021/2022

INSTRUCTIONS :

This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in section A, three questions from section B , and two questions from section C

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.

Give the main method used by anthropologist to gather their historical data. (1mark)
Identify the method used in making sangoan tools. (1mark)
Identify two ancestors of man associated with the making of Oldowan Tools (2marks)
List two inventions which Jethro Tull a British farmer invented. (2marks)
State two regions where salt was mined during Trans-Saharan Trade. (2marks)
Identify two vessels used in space exploration. (2marks)
State one ways in which knowledge of iron working led to the rise of kingdoms in pre-colonial period (2marks)
State the main reason for the decline of meroe as an early urban centre (1mk)
State the main factor that led to the Johannesberg. (1mk)
Identify two social classes that made up the Baganda society in the pre-colonial period. (2marks)
State one way through which the European nations maintained peace among themselves during the partition of African continent.(1mark)
Identify two external reasons for Lewanika’s collaboration with the British (2marks)
Identify the chartered company that British used to administer parts of west Africa (1mark)
Give two reasons why the location of Samori Toures second empire contributed to his defeat by the French (2marks)
State two duties of native affairs Department in Zimbabwe during the colonial period. (2marks)
Name the underground movement that spearheaded the armed resistance in South Africa during the apartheid system (1mark)
Identify two weapons used during cold war. (2marks)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section
1. Identify three reasons why African slaves were more preferred than other races during the Trans- Atlantic trade (3marks)
2. Explain six factors which contributed to the decline of the Trans-Saharan Trade. (12marks)
1. Name three advantages of the use of radio over newspaper in modern society. (3marks)
2. Explain six contributions of TV to economic development. (12marks)
1. Outline five factors that led to rise of Shona community before the 19th century (5marks)
2. Describe the political organization of Asante Empire in the pre-colonial period (10 marks)
1. Other than Nigeria name other three British colonies in West Africa. (3marks)
2. Explain six reasons why the British used Direct rule in Zimbabwe. (12marks)
  
  SECTION C (30 MARKS)
  Answer any two questions from this section
1. Name three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana. (3marks)
2. Explain six factors that contributed to nationalism in Ghana. (12marks)
1. Give five reasons for the failure of the peace settlement after the First World War (5marks)
2. Explain five causes of the Second World War. (10marks)
1. Name three founders of Non-Aligned Movement (3marks)
2. Explain six factors that undermined the activities of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) (12marks)

MAKING SCHEME

Give the main method used by anthropologist to gather their historical data.
Observation (1x1=1mk)
Identify the method used in making sangoan tools. (1x1=1mk)
Levallois technique
Identify two ancestors of man associated with the making of old wan tools
- Australopithecus.
- Homohabilis (2x1= 2mks)
List two inventions which Jethro Tull a British farmer invented.
- Seed drill (1707)
- Horse-drawn hoe (1707) (2x1=2mks)
State two regions where salt was mined during trans-Saharan trade.
- Taghaza
- L.chad
- Medan
- Bilma. (any2x1=2mks)
Identify two vessels used in space exploration.
- Rocket
- Satellites
- Space shuttles. (2x1=2mks)
State one ways in which knowledge of iron working led to the rise of kingdoms in pre-colonial period.
- Iron arms used in war led to the rise of kingdoms
- It was used as Trade commodities to generate income as a source of wealth. (1x1=1mk)
State the main reason for the decline of Meroe as an early urban centre.
Deforestation leading to desertification ( 1x1 = 1mk)
State the main factor that led to the growth of Johannesburg. (1mk)
Witwatersrand
Identify two social classes that made up the Baganda society in the pre-colonial period.
- Royal family of kabaka
- Chiefs
- Peasants/commoners
- Slaves (2x1=2mks)
State one way through which the European nations maintained peace among themselves during the Partition of African Continent.
- By signing treaties among themselves.
- By organizing the Berlin conference to lay down the guiding principles of partition (1x1=1mk)
Identify two external reasons for Lewanika’s collaboration with British
- Raiding or attack by the Ndebele
- Influence by Khama paramount chief of Ngwato who had sought British protection in 1885.
- Feared the Portuguese from East, Germans from west and Boers from south hence needed protection.
- Encouraged by missionaries to seek British protection i.e. François coillard. (2x1=2mks)
Identify the chartered company that British used to administer parts of west Africa
The Royal Niger Company under Fredrick lugard. (1x1=1mk)
Give two reasons why the location of Samori Toures second empire contributed to his defeat by the French
- Was cut off from Bure gold fields which denied him important sources of revenues for sustaining the army.
- His second empire was checked by the British occupation of Asante in 1896.
- He was exposed to war with communities he had earlier attacked.
- He was cut-off from free-town where he had secured arms. (any2 x1=2mks
State two duties of native affairs Department in Zimbabwe during the colonial period.
- Allocation of land to Africans
- Collection of taxes
- Recruiting African Labour. (2x1=2mks)
- Solving the cases involving Africans
Name the underground movement that spearheaded the armed resistance in South Africa during the apartheid regime.
Umkhoto We Sizwe (spear of the nation) (1x1=1mk)
Identify two weapons used during cold war. (any 2x1=2mks)
- Propaganda
- Economic sanctions
- Financial aid to enemies of the opposing side
- Military aid to enemies of opposing side.

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions

1. Identify three reasons why African slaves were more preferred than other races during the trans-Atlantic trade
  - The supply of African slaves was high
  - Regarded as immune to tropical diseases.
  - Their complexion prevented them from escaping easily
  - They were stronger than Europeans and the Red Indians.
  - Both men and women could work
  - They were cheap to acquire. (any3x1=3mks)
2. Explain six factors which contributed to the decline of the Trans-Saharan Trade.
  - The mine fields got exhausted and this discouraged the traders from coming to West Africa.
  - Political instability in the region brought about anarchy and insecurity following the fall of empires(collapse of the strong empires)
  - The invasion of Songhai by the Almoravids and Tuaregs who spread Islam through Jihads increasing insecurity along trade routes.
  - The Moroccan invasion of western Sudan in the 16th century undermined trading activities leading to the destructin of the trading centres
  - The growth of Trans-Atlantic Trade attracted some Trans-Saharan Traders thus weakening it.
  - The colonization of North Africa and West Africa took over the resources thus weakening it.
  - The invasion of North Africa by Turks created insecurity along the trade routes thus undermining the trade.
  - The Tuaregs started robbing the traders.
  - The abolition of slave trade affecting the trade/anti-slave crusaders
  - Increased possession of fire arms intensified warfare between trading centres.
  - European trading in the West African Coast and later the penetration to the interior leading to the competition.
  - Hostile desert conditions negatively affected the trade. (6x2=12mks) 19.
1. Name three advantages of the use of radio over newspaper in modern society.
  - It sends messages to distance places in the shortest time possible
  - Serves a large number of people at the same time
  - It is cheap to use
  - Accepted by many as it uses local and foreign languages. (3x1=3mks)
2. Explain six contributions of TV to economic development.
  - Has promoted business and trade through advertisement.
  - Created employment opportunities
  - Has generated revenue for the government through taxation.
  - Has educated the masses on economic issues
  - Colour circuit has enhanced security in business premises.
  - Has provided a variety of entertainment through various entertainment programms thus generating income.
  - Has facilitated cultural development/borrowing through music and drama. (6x2=3mks)
1. Outline five factors that led to rise of Shona community before the 19th century
  - Availability of strong and flexible warriors
  - Availability of strong and able rulers
  - Lucrative trade that financed the kingdom
  - Agricultural practice that increased food supply in the kingdom
  - Availability of water from river Zambezi that help them to carry out their domestic chores easily
  - Strategic location hence not easily attacked by enemies. (5x1=5mks)
2. Describe the political organization of Asante Empire in the pre-colonial period
  - It was headed by King Asantehene who had powers to control all activities within the kingdom
  - The kingdom had several metropolitans surrounding the nuclear Kumasi and were ruled by Omanhenes
  - The kingdom was unified by Odwira festival hence making the Kingdom to grow compactly.
  - The Kingdom had strong warriors that protected the Kingdom against external attacks.
  - The Kingdom had smaller vassal states which were captured from other Kingdoms and chiefdoms.
  - The vassal state paid tribute to Asantahene. (5x2=10 mks)
1. Other than Nigeria name other three British colonies in West Africa.
  - Ghana
  - Gambia
  - Sierra leone (3x1=3mks)
2. Explain six reasons why the British used Direct Rule in Zimbabwe.
  - The indigenous/local political institutions based on Induna system had been destroyed during British occupation of Zimbabwe.
  - They desired to control the economy of Zimbabwe to maximize profit.
  - To ensure complete control of the Africa/to end African resistance.
  - The existence of British South Africa company personnel on the spot which were familiar with the areas.
  - The British South Africa company had enough finance to pay administrative officers.
  - The Chimurenga appraising 1896-1897 had eroded European confidence in traditional African leadership in the colony. (Past resistance by people of Zimbabwe).

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions

1. Name three political parties that struggled for independence in Ghana.
  - Convection People Party (CPP)
  - United Gold Coast Convention.(UGCC)
  - National League of Gold Coast (3x1=3mks)
2. Explain six factors that contributed to nationalism in Ghana.
  - Discontentment of the World War II ex-servicemen.
  - The granting of independence of India and Pakistan inspired the Ghanaian nationalist.
  - The colonial system of education produced many school leavers who were jobless and frustrated.
  - Exploitation of Ghanaian minerals and agricultural produce by British.( Cutting down of cocoa trees angered the people).
  - High prices of essential goods in towns
  - Africans were denied import and export licenses.(Africans were discriminated while Europeans were granted).
  - They were inspired by the Pan-African movement.
  - Their morale was boosted by UNO which supported decolonization
  - Early introduction of cocoa growing leading to money economy thus enabling social and economic transformation of the people boosting nationalistic activities.
  - Better developed transport and communication provided quick and efficient movement of nationalists, information and ideas thus aiding nationalism.
  - Characteristic and strong leadership by Nkrumah brought cohesiveness. He became a symbol for the oppressed people of Ghana. (6x2=12mks)
1. Give five reasons for the failure of the peace settlement after the First World War
  - German was wholly blamed for the war and punishment was too harsh and she resented it.
  - Interest of the colonized people was not considered by the allies as the colonial benefits were handed over to France and Britain as mandates of league of nation.
  - Italy was a major power yet she was given a row deal in the peace settlement as she only got Stria which formerly belonged to Australia.
  - Interest of the minority was not considered e .g Australia/German union was disallowed yet the Australians were for it.
  - The USA senate did not support it as the USA constitution did not allow commitment to such organization like League of Nation which was proposed by Woodrow. (5x1=5mks)
2. Explain five causes of the Second World War.
  - Growth of nationalism
  - Great depression of 1929-1931
  - Violation of Versailles treaty by German
  - The policy of appeasement adopted by France and Britain
  - The weakness of the league of nation which failed to prevent rearmaments of German
  - Rise of dictators in Europe e.g. Adolf Hilter of German
  - Formation of alliances by Western Europe which created mistrust.
  - Hilters ambition to revive Germans lost glory encouraged him to engage in acts of aggression against several European nation
    (5x2=10mks)
1. Name three founders of Non-Aligned Movement
  - Jawaharlal Nehru of India
  - Abdel Nasser of Egypt.
  - Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia
  - Surkano of Indonesia
  - Choo-en-lai of china (3x1=3mks)
2. Explain six factors that undermined the activities of Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
  - Political instability e.g. civil wars i.e in DRC.
  - Economic ties with former colonial masters making it so difficult for member state to pursue independent line.
  - Border dispute e.g. North and South Korea.
  - National interest are placed first before those of NAM
  - Lack of adequate funds by member countries due to poverty
  - Divided loyalty-some member states are also members of other organization.
  - Lack of permanent institution (army) framework to coordinate its activities especially secretariat.
  - Breakup of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War destabilized the movement making it appear irrelevant.
  - Personality differences between leaders of the member states-Several leaders rejected the radical views of Fidel Castro of Cuba.
  - Differences unrelated to the principles of NAM have developed among members. In 1978,at Colombo Summit, several Arab states were keen to see Egypt expelled on the grounds that she signed a separate peace treaty with Israel. A treaty that had nothing with NAM. (6x2=12mks)