History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Kigumo Mocks 2021 Exams

Instructions to the candidates

1. This paper consists of three sections, A,B and C
2. Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B, and two questions from section C
3. Answers to all the questions must be written in the answer booklet provided
4. Candidates should answer all the questions in English

For Examiner’s use only

QUESTIONS

Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the answer booklet provided

1. Give two types of Monarchical government (2marks)
2. Name the period in History that is associated with microlithic tools (1mark)
3. Outline one tool invented by the Sumerians that facilitated the production of more food (1mark)
4. Identify one invention that revolutionized food preservation in the 19th century (1mark)
5. What was the main item of trade from North Africa in the Trans Saharan trade? (1mark)
6. Give the main advantage of a cellphone (1mark)
7. Outline two factors that enhanced the spread of iron working in pre-colonial Africa (2marks)
8. Identify two reasons why metals were preferred over stone tools (2marks)
9. State one African country that was under Italian colonial rule (1mark)
10. Name two communities that did not take part in the Maji Maji uprising of 1905- 1907 in Tanganyika (2marks)
11.  Identify two characteristics of the French policy of Assimilation in Senegal (2marks)
12. State two reasons why nationalism in South Africa was more complex compared to other countries of Africa (2marks)
13. Identify the country that was blamed for the outbreak of World War One (1mark)
14. Give two camps of the fighting powers during World War Two (2marks)
15. Name the organization that took over from Organization of African Unity (1mark)
16. Identify two members of the East African Community (2001) who were not founder states (2marks)
17. State one major political party in Britain (1mark)

Section B (45 marks)
Answer three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

18.                    
    1. Identify five ways in which Homo erectus attempted to improve his way of life (5marks)
    2. Explain how the development of early agriculture changed the lives of early man (10marks)
19.                      
    1. Outline five disadvantages of human porterage (5marks)
    2. Explain five factors that undermine the effectiveness of telecommunication facilities (10marks)
20.                  
    1. Outline five reasons for Kabaka Mutesa’s collaboration. (5marks)
    2. Explain five effects of direct rule in Southern Rhodesia (5marks)
21.                  
    1. State three methods used by African nationalists to air their grievances against colonial rule (3marks)
    2. Discuss six factors that favoured FRELIMO in the war against colonial government (12marks)

Section C (30 marks)
Answer two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided

22.                    
    1. State five functions of the Lukiiko of the Buganda Kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period (10marks)
23.                    
    1. Identify five ways in which Non-aligned member states safeguard their national security (5 marks)
    2. Explain five achievements of the Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS) (10 marks)
24.                
    1. Give five roles played by the Civil Service in the United States of America (5marks)
    2. Explain five responsibilities of the Union government in India (10marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Give two types of Monarchical governments (2marks)
   • Absolute monarchy
   • Constitutional monarchy (2x1=2marks)
2. Name the period in History that is associated with microlithic tools (1mark)
   • New/Late stone age period (1x1=1mark)
3. Outline one tool invented by the Sumerians that facilitated the production of more food (1marks)
   • Ox drawn plough
   • The seed drill
   • Invention of the wheel
   • Invention of the bronze hoes (1x1=1mark)
4. Identify one invention that revolutionized food preservation in the 19th century (1mark)
   • Canning process
   • Pasteurization
   • Refrigeration (1x1=1mark)
5. What was the main item of trade from North Africa in the Trans Saharan trade (1mark)
   • Salt (1x1=1mark)
6. Give the main advantage of a cellphone (1mark)
   • Its portable (1x1=1mark)
7. Outline two factors that enhanced the spread of iron working in Africa (2marks)
   • Migration
   • Trade
   • Warfare
   • Intermarriages (2x1=2marks)
8. Identify two reasons why metals were preferred over stone tools (2marks)
   • They were durable
   • They could not break easily
   • They could be re sharpened when blunt
   • It could be shaped to a variety of shapes
   • Metal could be re used again (2x1=2marks)
9. State one African country that was under Italian colonial rule (1mark)
   • Italian Somaliland
   • Libya (1x1=1mark)
10. Name two communities that did not take part in the Maji maji uprising of 1905 1907 in Tanganyika (2marks)
    • Hehe
    • Nyamwezi
    • Chagga (2x1=2 marks)
11. Identify two characteristics of the French policy of Assimilation (2marks)
    • Political Assimilation
    • Administrative Assimilation
    • Personal Assimilation
    • Economic Assimilation (2x1=2marks)
12. State two reasons why nationalism in South Africa was more complex compared to other countries of Africa (2marks)
    • The country was not colonized by one political power
    • There were many ethnic groups
    • Long period of colonization
    • The country was expansive (2x1=2marks)
13. Identify the country that was blamed for the outbreak of World War One (1mark)
    • Germany (1x1=1mark)
14. Give two camps of the fighting power during World War Two (2marks)
    • Allied powers/The Allies
    • The Axis powers (2x1=2 marks)
15. Name the organization that took over from Organization of African Unity (1mark)
    • African Union (1x1=1mark)
16. Identify two members of the East African Community 2001 who were not founder (2marks)
    • Rwanda
    • Burundi
    • South Sudan (2x1=2marks)
17. State one major political party in Britain (1mark)
    • Labour party
    • Conservative party
    • Liberal Democrats (1x1=1 mark)
18.                    
    1. Identify five ways in which Homo erectus attempted to improve his way of life (5marks)
       • Improved stone tools through use of Levallois method
       • Invented fire for cooking, lighting, warming etc.
       • Made cloths out of animal skins and bark of trees
       • Made rock shelter and lived in caves for security
       • Created leisure activities such as art work
       • Developed language for effective communication
       • He migrated to warmer areas (5x1=5marks)
    2. Explain how the development of early agriculture changed the lives of early man (10marks)
       • Agriculture provided people with a steady source of food instead of depending on hunting and gathering.
       • People were able to build more permanent settlements and lead settled lives because of the availability of food. This ensured their security.
       • Availability of food enabled some people to specialize in skills such as crafts /local industries/division of labour/social classes
       • Production of excess agricultural products led to the development of trade between communities
       • It led to an increase in population as people had enough food to eat.
       • Concentration of people in settlements led to the development of early urban centers/growth of towns
       • It led to the development of social stratification/ social classes began to emerge
       • Development of religious beliefs
       • Led to development of government/secular laws (5x2=10marks)
19.                    
    1. Outline five disadvantages of human porterage (5marks)
       • Limited load is carried
       • Its affected by unfavourable weather conditions
       • Insecurity as the person may be attacked
       • Its slow/tedious/cumbersome
       • Its slow/time consuming
       • It can only cover short distances with good (5x1=5marks)
    2. Explain five factors that undermine the effectiveness of telecommunication facilities (10marks)
       • Pornographic materials ruin the morals of the society
       • Misleading information and advertisement
       • The services are expensive
       • Some are difficult to store/preserve e.g. radio transmission
       • Illiterate persons may not benefit since some require professionals
       • It can easily portray a biased view
       • It can be destructive when used as a propaganda tool
       • Network failure affects their operations
       • Some are addictive
       • Irresponsible reporting causes disunity and chaos
       • Some may not be detailed ,hence does not give full information (5x2=10marks)
20.                    
    1. Outline five reasons for Kabaka Mutesa’s collaboration. (5marks)
       • He wanted his people to acquire western education, medicine and technology.
       • He wanted to reduce the power of Islam and traditionalists by establishing a centralized authority.
       • To establish trading links with the Europeans
       • He wanted protection from Mukama of Bunyoro
       • He wanted protection from the Khedive Ismael of Egypt who wanted to extend his kingdom to Baganda. (5x1=5marks)
    2. Explain five effects of direct rule in Zimbabwe /southern Rhodesia (10 marks)
       • Africans lost large tracts of land to the White settlers thereby straining relations between the two groups.
       • Introduction of forced labour as the White settlers required cheap labour in their farms.
       • Formation of African Nationalist movements to address their grievances against white domination.
       • Loss of power by traditional rulers as the British appointed their own administrators who ruled the people directly.
       • Imposition of taxes on Africans in order to force them to provide labour to the Whites so as to raise money.
       • Africans were exposed to deplorable working conditions which exposed them to risks.
       • Africans were confined into reserves thereby creating room for European settlement. Pass laws were introduced which restricted the movement of Africans.
       • Exploitation of mineral resources/agricultural resources for the benefit of the colonialists at the expense of African development.
       • Loss of independence by Africans as they were subjected to British colonial rule.
       • It undermined African culture/introduction of Western education/Christianity and separation of families.
       • Africans were subjected to racial segregation, poverty and suffering
       • It led to the development of transport and communication network in settler occupied areas. (5x2=10)
21.                      
    1. State three methods used by African nationalists to air their grievances against colonial rule (3marks)
       • Armed struggle
       • Strikes/boycott/go slow/sit ins/protests
       • Newspapers and magazines
       • Petition and delegation to international meeting
       • Secrets meeting and public rallies (3x1=3marks)
    2. Discuss six factors that favoured FRELIMO in war against colonial government (12marks)
       • Many Africans joined the nationalist war
       • They used guerilla warfare as the region was heavily forested
       • They were fighting on their own terrain which was familiar
       • They cultivated their own food
       • They got support from communist countries like China
       • Ethnicity was overcome by free mingling of people from different areas
       • Got support from OAU which hosted the guerrilla providing them with training ground
       • They attacked the Portuguese at different points at the same time forcing the Portuguese to spread its small army all over the country
       • They involved women in the management of its military and mobilizing the masses.
       • The coup in Lisbon Portugal and the soldiers were not in favour of colonialism. (6x2=12marks)
22.                  
    1. State five functions of the Lukiiko of the Buganda kingdom during the pre-colonial period. (5 marks)
       • The Lukiiko advised the Kabaka.
       • Lukiiko assisted the Kabaka to administer the kingdom.
       • It made the laws of the kingdom.
       • It acted as court of appeal /solved disputes.
       • Directed collection of taxes and planning of expenditure.
       • Represented the interests of the people to the Kabaka (5x1=5marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period (10marks)
       • The Shona were ruled by emperor/king who had absolute authority over the subjects.
       • The emperor’s position was hereditary so as to reduce succession disputes.
       • The emperor was assisted in the administration by the queen mother, the queen sister army commander, head drummer, head door keeper and head cook.
       • The empire was divided into provinces which were headed by provincial /lesser kings.
       • There was an advisory council whose work was to advise the emperor.
       • The provinces were divided into chiefdoms ruled by a chief.
       • Under the chiefs were headmen who were in charge of the villages.
       • The empire had a standing army whose main duty was to defend and expand the empire.
       • The king /emperor was a symbol of unity as he was semi - divine.
       • The existed priest who acted as spies for the emperor/king. (5x2=10 marks)
23.                  
    1. Identify five ways in which Non-aligned member states safeguard their national security (5 marks)
       • By keeping off conflicts of non-aligned members.
       • By maintaining their sovereignty /independence.
       • By maintaining their economic independence.
       • By not identifying with either communism or capitalism.
       • By maintain their cultural identity.
       • By not joining military alliances NATO/WARSAW PACT.(5x1=5 marks)
    2. Explain five achievements of ECOWAS (10 marks)
       • It has standardized education in the region by use of common examination/ syllabus
       • It has fostered peace through its military wing, ECOMOG
       • It has promoted cultural exchange among the member states
       • Has Improved agriculture through sharing of technological know- how
       • It has facilitated free movement of people in the region
       • There is an increase in job opportunities in the region
       • It has promoted spirit of togetherness in the region
       • It has promoted mutual cooperation in different fields
       • It has promoted inter-regional trade within the region.
       • Has improved regional transport and communication network. (5x2=10 marks)
24.                        
    1. Give five roles played by the Civil Service in the United States of America. (5marks)
       • It implements government policies.
       • It explains government policies.
       • It maintains government records.
       • It collects government revenue.
       • It advises politicians on policies.
       • It provides continuity between governments.
       • It draws development plans and government budgets. (5x1=5marks)
    2. Explain five responsibilities of the Union government in India (10marks)
       • It supervises the working of the state governments
       • It has power to declare war raise and maintain the armed forces
       • It conducts diplomacy and authorizes treaties with foreign nations
       • Takes charge of matters pertaining national security
       • Regulation of inter-state commerce/trade with foreign countries
       • Establishment of state boundaries/Creation and abolishment of states (5x2=10 marks)