History Questions and Answers - Form 1 End Term 2 Exams 2022

Questions

Section A: Answer all questions in this section

1. Identify two branches of history. (2mks)
2. Give two unwritten sources of information in History and Government. (2mks)
3. Identify one community in Kenya which belongs in the Southern Cushites. (1mk)
4. State two political functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai during the 19th Century. (2mks)
5. Give two reasons why early human beings used to live in groups during the Stone Age period. (2mks)
6. Identify dispersal point of the Coastal Bantus (1mk)
7. State two environmental factors that contributed to the migration of the Bantus from their original homeland. (2mks)
8. Give three factors that favoured early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (3mks)
9. Give two factors that facilitated the coming of early visitors to East African Coast. (2mks)
10. Give three positive impacts of Portuguese rule in East African Coast. (3mks)
11. Give the reasons why early agriculture was successful in Egypt (3mks)
12. State three Clans among the taita in Kenya (3mks)
13. Give the factors that led to migration of bantus from Congo basin (6mks)
14. Outline way in which archaeology located archaeological sites (5mks)
15. Give the effects of food shortage in Africa (6mks)

Section B: Answer all questions in this section

16.          
    1. State five factors that suggests that Africa is the cradle land for mankind. (5mks)
    2. Explain five factors that have contributed to food shortage in Africa.
17.  
    1. Name five groups that belong to Eastern Cushites. (3mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of Somali during the Pre – colonial period. (12mks)

Marking Scheme

1. Identify two branches of history. (2mks)
   
   • Economic history
   • Political history
   • Social history
2. Give two unwritten sources of information in History and Government. (2mks)
   • Oral traditions
   • Archaeology
   • Genetics
   • Anthropology
   • Linguistics
3. Identify one community in Kenya which belongs in the Southern Cushites groups. (1mk)
   • Dahallo / Sange
4. State two political functions of the Oloibon among tha Maasai during the 19th Century. (2mks)
   • He administered the Maasai land / acted as unifying factors.
   • He settled disputes
   • He declared war against his enemies
   • He advised and blessed warriors
   • He advised council of elders
5. Give two reasons why early human beings used to live in groups during the stone age period. (2mks)
   • For companionship
   • For security
   • To share resources
   • To help one another
6. Identify dispersal point of the Coastal Bantus (1mk)
   • Shungwaya
7. State two environmental factors that contributed to the migration of the Bantus from their original homeland. (2mks)
   • Diseases and infection
   • Drought and famine
   • Floods and unreliable rainfall.
8. Give three factors that favoured early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (3mks)
   • The fertile soils that were deposited by the two rivers.
   • Availability of indigenous crops and animals.
   • Water from two rivers facilitated irrigation.
   • Reclamation of swampy land.
9. Give two factors that facilitated the coming of early visitors to East African Coast. (2mks)
   • Existence of monsoon wind
   • Development of suitable theory
   • Existence of deep natural harbours
   • Coast had suitable climate and fertile soils
10. Give three positive impacts of Portuguese rule in East African Coast. (3mks)
    • Introduction of new crops e.g. maize
    • They introduced new words that enriched Kiswahili
    • Historical monuments – The Portuguese left important land mark e.g. Fort Jesus and Vasco dagama’s pillar.
    • Increased contact with India
    • The Portuguese increased Christianity.
11. Give the reasons why early agriculture was successful in Egypt (3mks)
    • Availability of water from Nile
    • The region was protected from foreign invasion
    • Indigenous crops
    • Close proximity to Mesopotamia encouraged exchange of ideas
    • Fertile soils
12. State three clans among the taita (3mks)
    • Wanyanya
    • Wanya
    • wasaddu
13. Give the factors that led to migration of bantus from Congo basin (6mks)
    • Spread of knowledge of iron work
    • Search for cultivating land
    • Population pressure
    • External conflicts
    • Family feuds
    • Spirit of adventure
14. Outline way in which archaeology located archaeological sites (5mks)
    • Long experience
    • Historical research
    • Use of vision
    • Looking for areas where erosion and tectonic forces has taken place
    • Where cultivation and construction is taking place
15. Give the effects of food shortage in Africa (6mks)
    • Loss of life
    • Increased suffering
    • Social problems
    • Refugee problem.
    • Dragged development
    • Dependence in foreign aids
16.     
    1. State five factors that suggests that Africa is the cradle land for mankind. (5mks)
       • The numerous archaeological sites.
       • The presence of Savannah grassland.
       • Warm tropical climate
       • Plenty of fresh water rivers.
       • Africa was strategically locate.
    2. Explain five factors that have contributed to food shortage in Africa.
       • Diverse climatic condition
       • Inappropriate agricultural policies
       • Rapid population growth rate
       • Insufficient infrastructural development facilities.
       • Rural – urban migration
       • Animal and crop diseases
       • Poor processing facilities
       • Soil erosion due destructive human activities
       • Political insanities
17.   
    1. Name five groups that belong to Eastern Cushites. (3mks)
       • Oromo
       • Borana
       • Somali
       • Gabra
       • Rendile
       • Burji
    2. Describe the political organization of Somali during the Pre – colonial period. (12mks)
       • The society was divided into two kinships called moieties headed by a Kallu.
       • Moieties were divided into sub-moieties which were further divided into clans. The clans lived in camps.
       • There was a council of elders and age-sets which provided warriors.
       • Boys joined an age-grade at birth and progressed to seniority through 11 grades. The elders joined the last stage (80years) by waging war against an enemy not yet attacked.
       • The elders maintained law and order, organized territorial defence, advised rulers, mobilised people for communal activities and presided over court cases.