History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - MECS Cluster Joint Mock Examinations 2022

QUESTIONS
Answer all questions in this section

1. Identify the branch of history that deals with occupation of people 1mk
2. Identify two earliest inhabitants in Western Kenya 2mks
3. Give the name of the clan council of elders among the Nandi 1mk
4. Give two functions of mission centers established by missionaries 2mks
5. State one right that is limited for a person held in custody in Kenya 1mk
6. Identify one symbol of national unity 1mk
7. Give one importance of repeal of section 2A of the constitution 1mk
8. State two survival right of a child in Kenya 2mks
9. Name the leader of Imperial British East Africa Company in 1888 1mk
10. Name two groups of Luo communities that collaborated with the British 2mks
11. Identify the main reason why Africans were pushed into the reserves 1mk
12. State two affiliate trade unions of the Kenya Federation of Registered Trade Union (KFRTU) 2mks
13. Identify the opposition party formed by Oginga Odinga in 1966 1mk
14. Give two classifications of bills in law making 2mks
15. State the sources of Nyayo philosophy 2mks
16. State two roles of art and theatre in Kenya 2mks
17. Give one type of expenditure for national government 1mk

Section B (45marks)
Answer any three questions

18.      
    1. Outline the results of the Plain Nilotes migration to Kenya 5mks
    2. Describe the social organization of the Akamba 10mks
19.    
    1. State five measures used by the colonial government to provide labour in settler farms 5mks
    2. Explain the results of the Nandi resistance 10mks
20.      
    1. Give five reasons why Africans moved to urban centres in colonial Kenya 5mks
    2. Explain the role of women in the Mau Mau movement 10mks
21.      
    1. Give five principles of African Socialism 5mks
    2. Explain five functions of the National Land Commission 10mks

Section C (30mks)
Answer any two questions

22.      
    1. State three circumstances under which one can lose citizenship by birth 3mks
    2. Identify six social and economic issues that cause conflict 12mks.
23.      
    1. Give three groups that monitor human rights in Kenya 3mks
    2. Describe the constitution making process 12mks
24.       
    1. Identify three Principles of the electoral process in Kenya 3mks
    2. Explain challenges facing the county governments 12mks

MARKING SCHEME

1. Economic history
2. Onguye
   Okuro
3. Kokwet
4. They were used to teach Africans western education- reading, writing, arithmetic
   They were used as centers of spreading Christianity
   They were used to provide health services for Africans
   They were used as centers for freed slaves
   They were used as operational bases for missionaries
5. The right to freedom of movement and residence
   Right to freedom of association
   Right to labour relations
   Right to assembly, demonstration, picketing and petition
   Entitled to petition for the order of habeas corpus- not to be held more than is required by law
6. The national flag
   The national anthem
   The coat of arms
   The public seal
7. Led to the re-introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya
8. A name / identity
   Nationality from birth
   Basic nutrition/ food
   Shelter
   Health care
9. Sir William Mackinnon
10. The Luo of Gem
    The Luo of Asembo
11. To create land for settler farming
12. Kenya Local Government Workers’ Union
    Domestic and Hotel Workers’ Union
    East African Federation of Building and Construction Workers’ Union
13. Kenya People’s Union (KPU)
14. Public bills
    Private bills
15. Sessional paper No.10 of 1965 – African socialism
    The Biblical teachings of the Ten Commandments
    Moi’s long political career
16. It educates people on different aspects of life- drunkenness
    It provides entertainment
    It reflects on the country’s political developments
    It has created employment
    It helps unite Kenyans
17. Capital expenditure
    Recurrent expenditure
18.        
    1. They pushed and displaced the communities they came across
       They absorbed the Southern Cushites e.g the Dorobo
       They adopted some cultural practices from the Southern Cushites e.g age set system, circumcision
       A section of Maasai – the Iloikop adopted farming from their neighbors
       They traded with their neighbouring communities i.e Akamba and Agikuyu
       They intermarried with their neighbours
       The Maasai influenced the fighting tactics of other groups in Kenya.
       Some communities borrowed their political institutions e.g the oloibon
    2. The Akamba basic social unit was the family lived in a homestead - musyi
       The Akamba were organized into clans each claiming a common ancestry
       Practised polygamy
       They practiced exogamy
       Boys and girls were initiated at puberty then taught secrets of the community
       Believed in a creator –Mulungu
       Worshipped through ancestral spirits -poured libations
       Had specialists like medicine people, elders
       Had shrines for offering sacrifices
       Had many social ceremonies and games e.g gambling
19.    
    1. Land alienation from Africans- creation of reserves
       Squatter system on settler farms
       Kipande system-
       Heavy taxation on Africans
       Ban on growing of cash crops for Africans
       Confiscation of livestock
       Forced recruitment
       Master servant ordinance- an offence to evade duty
       Low wages
    2. Eventually defeated and colonized by the British
       Massive loss of life- over 1,000 warriors and Koitalel Arap Samoei
       Massive destruction of property
       Land alienation for settlers
       Disintegration of Nandi military organization after killing of Koitalel Arap Samoei demoralised them.
       Disruption of Nandi economy due to alienation and reserves created.
       Nandi became squatters on settler farms
       Many Nandi warriors recruited into the colonial police
20.    
    1. Land alienation had pushed Africans into reserves- thus poor livelihoods
       Job prospects in towns with better wages
       Recreational facilities and other social amenities attracted Africans
       To escape forced labour and taxation
       African entrepreneurs wanted to take advantage of the wider market in towns
       Better infrastructure – tarmacked roads
       Widespread poverty in the rural areas
       Master servant ordinance- an offence to evade duty
    2. The women actively participated in the war- Marshal Muthoni, Nduta wa Kore, Elizabeth Gachika, Wambui Wagarama.
       They composed songs to mobilize support and others to redicule those who did not join Mau Mau
       Mobilize men and women to join the movement
       They supplied fighters with provisions i.e food, medicine and guns
       They acted as spies for Mau Mau
       They participated in oathing ceremonies.
       They refused to betray the fighters therefore subjected to forced labour, rape and physical torture
       They endured dawn to dusk curfews and starvation
       They attended to wounded warriors
21.    
    1. Political democracy – all people free and equal
       Mutual social responsibility – service and not greed for personal gain
       Various forms ownership – free enterprise, nationalization, partnership
       Diffusion of ownership- avoid economic power on few
       Equity- resources used for mutual interest of society
       Progressive taxation- to ensure equitable distribution of wealth.
    2. To recommend a national land policy to the national government
       To manage public land on behalf of the national and county governments.
       To conduct research on land use in the country, including use of natural resources
       To investigate present and past historical injustices by their own or from complaints and recommend appropriate action.
       To encourage the use of traditional methods of dispute resolution in land conflicts
       To assess tax on land & premiums on immovable property in any area designate by law
       To advise the national government on a comprehensive programme for land registration throughout the country
22.    
    1. If proven citizenship was acquired through fraud or false representation
       If it is discovered that the person was older than eight years when found in Kenya
       If the nationality or parentage of a person becomes known and reveals that the person was a citizen of another country
    2. Dispute between employer and employee –over underpayment
       Family dispute over land and inheritance
       Clan disputes over resources – water, pasture, forests
       Disputes between landlords and tenants over rent
       Marriage disputes
       Trade disputes
       Religious disputes
       Drug use and abuse
23.        
    1. Law enforcement officers
       Lawyers, judges and teachers
       Trade unions
       Journalists
       Religious organisations
       Asssociations- business association, women groups
       Special commissions- KNHREC
       International organisations – e.g Amnesty international, ICC
    2. Civic education
       Debate over contentious issues
       Collection of public views
       Convening of constitutional conferences
       Drafting of the constitution
       Referendum
       Enacting the constitution
       Promulgation of the constitution
24.      
    1. Freedom of citizens to exercise their political rights
       More than two thirds of elective public bodies must not be of the same gender
       Fair representation of persons with disabilities
       Universal suffrage based on aspirations for fair representation and equality of vote
       Free and fair elections –by secret ballot, absence of violence, conducted by independent body, transparency, impartial and accurate.
    2. High population growth stretches the available resources
       Underdeveloped transport and communication network
       Inadequate resources to provide them with a solid revenue base
       Interference in their working by the National Government
       Rivalry and wrangling among the leaders in the county
       Inadequate skilled personnel to man departments within the county
       Embezzlement of devolved funds
       Delay in remittances of funds to the county
       Natural calamities i.e drought floods
       Ethnicity and nepotism in employment
       Duplication of roles with the national government
       Conflict over common resources i.e water, forest land between counties.