History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Asumbi Girls Highschool Pre-Mock Exams May-June 2022

• The paper consists of three sections A, B and C
• Answer all question in section A
• Choose any THREE questions in section B and any TWO questions in section C

QUESTIONS

1. Identify two unwritten sources of information in history and government.         (2mks)
2. Give one role of the Njuri Ncheke among the Ameru community.   (1mk)
3. Mention two cultural practices that were adopted by the Maasai from the southern Cushites.   (2mks)
4. Name two missionary societies that operated in Kenya during the 19th century. (2mks)
5. Give two reasons why the Oman rulers were interested in the establishing their control over the Kenyan coast. (2mks)
6. State two development rights of children. (2mks)
7. What constitutional amendment made Kenya return to multi-party states?  (1mk)
8. Name two bodies that monitor human rights in Kenya.  (2mks)
9. Identify two education commissions established in Kenya before independence.  (2mks)
10. In which way did Swynerton plan benefit theAfricans in Kenya during the colonial period?   (1mk)
11. State methods used by trade unions to demand for their rights. (1mk)
12. Mention the main reason why the second Lancaster house conference was convened in 1962. (1mk)
13. Identify the newspaper that was edited by Jomo Kenyatta during the colonial period.    (1mk)
14. Which body conducted the 2017 general elections in Kenya? (2mks)
15. Name one ex-officio member of the senate in Kenya.  (1mk)
16. State one aspect of the African traditions that was incorporated in the African socialism. (1mk)
17. Identify one type of public revenue expenditure by the county government.        (1mk)

18.                                
    1. Name three major groups of Nilotes in Kenya.    (3mks
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali.  (12 mks)
19.                      
    1. Identify three characteristics of the coastal city states by 1500AD (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan coast during the 17th century  (12mks)
20.                      
    1. Outline the factors that led to urbanization in Kenya during the colonial period   (5mk)
    2. Explain the consequences of urbanization in Kenya during the colonial period. (10mks)
21.                        
    1. State three changes that were introduced in the Kenyan constitution in 1964  (3mks)
    2. Describe the economic developments in Kenya since independence(12mks)

22.                          
    1. Give three cases that may lead to the revocation of one’s citizenship  (3mks)
    2. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen   (12mks)
23.                          
    1. State three organs of the National Security in Kenya   (3mks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing correctional services in Kenya. (12mks)
24.                        
    1. State five duties of a county governor.   (5mks)
    2. Explain five challenges facing county government.  (10mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Identify two unwritten sources of information in History and Government(2mks)
   • Archaeology/palaeontology
   • Anthropology
   • Linguistics
   • Oral traditions
2. Give one role of NjuriNcheke among the Ameru.(1mks)
   • Set the moral codes
   • Officiated social functions
   • Presided over religious functions
3. Mention two cultural practices that were adopted by the Maasai from the Southern Cushites. (2mks)
   • Female circumcision
   • Age-set system
4. Name two missionary societies that operated in Kenya during the 19th century(2mks)
   • Church Missionary Society
   • United Methodist Free Churches Mission
   • Church of Scotland Mission
   • French Catholic Fathers
5. Give two reasons why Oman Rulers were interested in establishing their control over the Kenyan Coast. (2mks)
   • Kenyan coast had a favourable climate
   • Good natural harbours
   • They wanted to control Indian Ocean Trade
   • The coast of Kenya had fertile soils for Agriculture
6.  State two development rights of children. (2mks)
   • Right to free and compulsory basic education.
   • Right to parental care and protection
   • Right to play and leisure.
7. What constitutional amendment made Kenya return to multi-party state? (1mks)
   • The repeal of section 2a of the constitution
8. Name two bodies that monitor Human Rights in Kenya. (2mks)
   • Journalists
   • Police/law enforcement officers
   • Lawyers and judges
   • Trade unions
   • Religious Organisations
   • Associations and special commissions e.g women groups
9. Identify two education commissions established in Kenya before independence. (2mks)
   •  Phelps stroke commission
   • Fraser commission of 1908
10. In which way did the Swynerton Plan benefit the Africans in Kenya during thecolonial period? (1mks)
    • High potential African areas were to be assisted through land consolidation title deeds and loans.
11. State methods used by trade unions to demand for their rights. (1mks)
    • Strikes
    • Boycotts
    • Go-slows/sit-ins
    • Demonstrations
    • Petitions/ memorandum
12. State the main reason why the second House Conferencewas convened in1962(1mks)
    • To draw/come up with a constitution for independent Kenya.
13. Identify the newspaper that was edited by Jomo Kenyatta during the colonial period. (1mks)
    • Muiguithania /reconciler
14. Which body conducted the 2017 general elections?(1mk)
    • Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission
15. Name one ex-officio member of the senate(1mk)
    • Speaker
16. State one aspect of African traditions that were incorporated into the philosophy of African Socialism. (1mks)
    • Political democracy
    • Mutual social responsibility
17.  Identify one type of public Revenue expenditure by county Government. (1mks)
    • Recurrent
    • Capital/development
    • supplementary
18.                        
    1. Name three major groups of Nilotes in Kenya.(3mks)
       • River-lake Nilotes
       • Plain Nilotes
       • Highland Nilotes
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali. (12mks)
       • Each community was politically autonomous. However if one clan was invaded an alliance of all clans was formed to face the common enemy.
       • The clan was headed by a council of elders.
       • Councils of elders settled land disputes and maintained general law and order
       • The council was the final authority and its decisions were final
       • There was hereditary chief (sultan) who presided over inter-clan disputes.
       • Adolescents became junior warriors after circumcision being promoted to senior warriors and then elders at the next two circumcision ceremonies
       • Every Somali man technically remained a warrior allhis life and was expected to avail himself at short notice to fight in case of need.
19.                        
    1. Identify three characteristics of the coastal city states by 1500AD 3mks.
       • Kiswahili was the main language
       • Islam was the religion
       • They ate oriental foods/spices
       • Arabic and Persian architectures was used in construction of houses.
       • Trade was the main economic activities
       • The city states were independent political entities.
       • Town minted and used they own coin money.
       • People wore woven and silk clothes.
       • Imam ruled the city states.
    2. Explain six factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan coast during the 17th century (12mks)
       • the coastal city states organized constant rebellions against the Portuguese
       • the Portuguese administrators were corrupt / misused the funds meant to finance the administration
       • Portugal was too small to provide enough soldiers and administrators to control the whole of its empire.
       • Malindi their traditional ally refused to supportthe Portuguese because they were cruel to them
       • Decline of the Indian Ocean trade since it was the main source of income for the empire.
       • The annexation of Portugal by Spain weakened the Portuguese control of the coast.
       • Intense commercial rivalry from theDutch, the British and the Portuguese’ source of revenue.
       • The defeat and capture of fort Jesus by the OmaniArabs brought Portuguese rule to an end.
20.                    
    1. Outline the factors that led to urbanization in Kenya during the colonial period (5mk)
       • Construction of the Uganda railway led to the Growth of many towns along the line e.g Nairobi and Eldoret.
       • Trading centres opened by Indians in the interior grew intourban centres
       • Administrative posts and centres began by colonialists developed into urban centres.
       • Some urban centres were collecting points for farm inputs and produce by settlers.
       • Urban centres rose due to European industrial activities.
       • Influx of Africans made small centres to swell into towns.
    2. Explain the consequences of urbanization in Kenya during the colonialperiod. (10mks)
       • Unemployment opportunities were created in urban centres
       • Cultural erosion as Africans were exposed to new lifestyles.
       • Market gardening developed on the outskirts of major towns to feed the urban populations.
       • Many people were brought together from various communities leading to the rise of nationalism.
       • Crowding in towns resulted in shortage of house and contributed to the rise of slums.
       • Unemploymentresulted in increased criminal activities
       • Families were separated as men left their wives in the rural areas.
       • Social welfare organisations came up in towns.
       • Sporting activities were promoted by urbanization
21.                      
    1. State three changes that were introduced in the Kenyan constitution in 1964.
       • Kenya was transformed into a republic with executive president
       • Regional assemblies were abolished
       • The post of the governor was abolished
       • The queen of England ceased to be the head of state.
    2. Describe the economic developments in Kenya since independence(12mks)
       • Through the KANU manifesto(1963) and sessional paper no.10 of 1965, the government adapted mixed economy in which private ownership was to supplement the sector.
       • The government took measures to diversify the economy by developing other sectors like commerce and industry to reduce reliance on agriculture
       • Foreigners were invited to set up industries while organizations like ICDC and KIE were established to help citizens set up industries.
       • During the 1990s the Export processing Zones and the Industrial Promotion Authority were established to encourage industrialization.
       • Measures were undertaken towards Kenyanisation of the economy of the economy through gradual transfer of enterprises from foreign to local entrepreneurs and development of high skilled local manpower.
       • From the 1990s, economic policies have centred on liberalisation and privatisation of State Corporation.
       • Kenya has joined regional trading blocs e.g. COMESA and there has been increased economic integration with the signing of treatiestowards the establishment of the East African Customs Union.
22.                          
    1. Give three cases that may lead to the revocation of one’s citizenship (3mks)
       • If in case of war the citizen assists the enemy state
       • If citizenship is obtained through fraudulent means
       • If within five years of registration one is imprisoned for three or four years.
       • If a person is convicted of treason
       • If the nationality and parentage of child becomes known
       • If the age of a child becomes known and reveals that the child was older than eight years when found in Kenya
    2. Explain six civic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen (12mks)
       • Respect and follow the law, avoiding all vices and criminal activities.
       • Safeguard and protect the law of the land by not encouraging law-breaking or harbouring criminals
       • Have valid documents and testimonials
       • Take part in public elections by voting or being a candidate
       • Protect the environment and natural resources of the land.
       • Take part in public debates on issues of common interest
       • Actively participate in nation-building programmes.
23.                      
    1. State three organs of the National Security in Kenya (3mks)
       • The Kenya Defence Forces
       • The National Intelligence Service
       • The National Police Service
    2. Explain six challenges facing correctional services in Kenya. (12mks)
       • Congestion in prisons due to high crime rate.
       • High incidents of disease outbreak.
       • Shortage of funds to maintain the convicts.
       • Inadequate counsellors to rehabilitate the convicts.
       • Inadequate trainers to impart vocational skills
       • Poor working and living conditions of warders
       • Corruption leading to smuggling of illegal goods into prisons
24.                              
    1. State five duties of a county governor.(5mks)
       • Head the county government
       • Appoints members of the county executive committee following the approval of the county assembly
       • Act as link between the national and the county government
       • Implements the policies of the National and County governments in the county.
       • Is a member of the county assembly and the county Executive committee?
    2. Explain five challenges facing county government.(10mks)
       • High population growth in some counties which puts much strain on the available resources
       • Inadequate transport and communication network in some counties which impedes delivery of services.
       • Some of the counties have inadequate resources hence little revenue to provide services.
       • Interference in their work by the national government
       • Inadequate personnel to run key sectors within the county.
       • Rivalry and wrangling among leaders in the county has slowed down implementation of the policies and programmes.
       • Embezzlement and misuse of devolved funds by corrupt county officials which denies the government revenue.
       • Delay in the remittance of funds to the county government by the national government slows down implementation of programmes.